CN113790914A - Water saving rate calculation method for condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower - Google Patents
Water saving rate calculation method for condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
- F28F27/003—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus specially adapted for cooling towers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2200/00—Prediction; Simulation; Testing
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating the water saving rate of a condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower, which comprises the following three parts: firstly, testing air parameters entering the tower, air parameters above a dehydrator and air parameters above a hot channel of a fog dissipation module, calculating air moisture content through the air parameters, calculating average moisture content of each test point through the air moisture content, and calculating the water saving rate of the cooling tower through the average moisture content. The method inspects the water saving effect of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower through the moisture content change of the air, has clear meaning and is feasible, the water saving rate of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower under different working conditions can be calculated, the knowledge of a water saving rate test is improved, the water saving effect of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower can be directly evaluated on site, and the method is essentially the ratio of the recovered water amount to the evaporated water amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cooling towers, and particularly relates to a water-saving rate calculation method for a condensing type fog-dissipation water-saving cooling tower.
Background
With the increasing of the environmental protection consciousness and the water saving consciousness of people, the condensing type fog-dispersing water-saving cooling tower is continuously applied in China in recent years, but the technical product performances of different manufacturers are uneven, and China does not set up relevant standards related to a water saving rate test method of the condensing type fog-dispersing water-saving cooling tower. The traditional direct measurement method for water saving amount by the method of a specially arranged water receiving device and flow measuring device needs to be specially designed in the installation stage of the cooling tower, so that the installation cost is increased, the technical difficulty is high, part of the collected circulating water amount is the drift drop loss of the cooling tower, a certain measurement error is realized, and the method is disconnected from the practical application to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for calculating the water saving rate of a condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower, so as to solve the technical problem of high installation cost of the cooling tower in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
1. the method for calculating the water-saving rate of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
and 3, calculating the water saving rate according to the average moisture content of the air entering the tower, the average moisture content of the air above the dehydrator and the average moisture content of the air above the hot channel of the fog dissipation module.
The invention is further improved in that:
preferably, the third measuring points are arranged outside the air inlets, and two third measuring points are arranged outside the air inlets on each side.
Preferably, a third measuring point is respectively arranged at 1/4 and 3/4 in the outer width direction of each side air inlet, the horizontal distance between each third measuring point and the air inlet where the third measuring point is located is 3m, and the vertical height between each third measuring point and the ground is 2 m.
Preferably, a plane 0.5m above the upper surface of the dehydrator is a first measuring plane, the first measuring plane is equally divided into 9 measuring units with equal areas, the measuring units are square or rectangular, and the first measuring point is arranged at the center point of each measuring unit.
Preferably, N rows of fog dispersal modules are arranged in the cooling tower, each row of fog dispersal modules comprises three units with equal length along the length direction of the fog dispersal modules, and a second measuring point is arranged at a position 0.1m above the center of each unit.
Preferably, the air parameters include atmospheric pressure, dry bulb temperature, and wet bulb temperature.
Preferably, in step 2, the air moisture content of each test point is calculated by combining the atmospheric pressure, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature with the industrial cooling tower test regulation.
Preferably, in step 2, the average moisture content of the first measurement point is d1mThe average moisture content of the second measurement point is d2mThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, V1-iFor measuring the wind speed of a point, pDA1-iTo measure the density of the spot dry air, d1-iFor measuring the point air moisture content, n is the number of measuring points.
Preferably, the average moisture content of the third measurement points is the average of the moisture contents of all the third measurement points.
Preferably, in step 3, the water saving rate is calculated by the following formula:
ηws＝(d1m-d2m)/(d1m-d3m)。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a method for calculating the water saving rate of a condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower, which comprises the following three parts: firstly, testing air parameters entering the tower, air parameters above a dehydrator and air parameters above a hot channel of a fog dissipation module, calculating air moisture content through the air parameters, calculating average moisture content of each test point through the air moisture content, and calculating the water saving rate of the cooling tower through the average moisture content. The method inspects the water saving effect of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower through the moisture content change of the air, has clear meaning and is feasible, the water saving rate of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower under different working conditions can be calculated, the knowledge of a water saving rate test is improved, the water saving effect of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower can be directly evaluated on site, and the method is essentially the ratio of the recovered water amount to the evaporated water amount. The device can be used for comparing the water-saving performance of the fog-eliminating water-saving cooling tower under different meteorological conditions and non-running working conditions. The test method for the water saving rate has operability, the test points are directly arranged on the industrial field to carry out the water saving rate test, no additional operation is needed in the early stage of installation of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower, the water saving rate of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower installed on the industrial field can be directly evaluated, and the test level is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of measuring point arrangement of a condensing type fog-dispersing water-saving cooling tower.
Wherein, 1-a first measurement point; 2-a second measurement point; 3-a third measurement point; 4-a dehydrator; 5-a water distribution system; 6-water spraying filler; 7-a cooling tower; 8-a water collecting tank; 9-a fog dispersal module;
the device comprises a water eliminator, a fog dispersal module, a hot channel, a tower inlet air parameter test point, a water outlet air parameter test point and a tower outlet air parameter test point.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable connections; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The invention discloses a method for calculating the water saving rate of a condensing type fog-dispersing water-saving cooling tower, which is based on equipment shown in the following figure 1 and comprises a cooling tower 7, a water collecting tank 8, a fog-dispersing module 9, a dehydrator 4, a water distribution system 5 and a water spraying filler 6; the cooling tower 7 is arranged above the water collecting tank 8, the bottommost part of the cooling tower 7 is provided with the water spraying filler 6, the water spraying filler 6 is arranged above the water collecting tank 8, the water distribution system 5 is arranged above the water spraying filler 6, the dehydrator 4 is arranged above the water distribution system 5, and the fog dissipation module 9 is arranged above the dehydrator 4. Based on the structure, the method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower comprises the following steps:
(1) and testing tower inlet air parameters, air parameters above the dehydrator and air parameters above the hot channel of the fog dissipation module.
a. And a third measuring point 3 of tower inlet air parameters, wherein the air inlets comprise two mirror-symmetrical air inlets which are a left air inlet and a right air inlet, 1/4 and 3/4 in the width direction of each air inlet are provided with the third measuring point 3, specifically, the horizontal distance from each third measuring point 3 to the air inlet where the third measuring point is located is 3m, the vertical distance from the height of each third measuring point 3 to the ground is 2m, and therefore 4 third measuring points 3 are arranged. The tower inlet air parameters at each third measuring point 3 comprise atmospheric pressure, dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature, the atmospheric pressure, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are used as initial parameters, and the air density and the moisture content are calculated through the industrial cooling tower test procedure.
b. Setting a plane 0.5m above the upper surface of a condenser 4 of a condensation type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower as a first measurement plane, wherein the first measurement plane is square or rectangular, dividing the upper part of the measurement plane into 9 measurement units with equal area, the measurement units are square or rectangular, each measurement unit is provided with a first measurement point 1 for measuring air parameters above the dehydrator 4, the number of the first measurement points 1 is 9, the air parameters above the dehydrator 4 measured by each first measurement point 1 comprise atmospheric pressure, dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature and air flow rate, taking the atmospheric pressure, the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature as initial parameters, and calculating the air tightness and the moisture content through 'test procedures of industrial cooling towers'.
c. N rows of fog dissipation modules 9 are arranged in the cooling tower 7, each heat exhaust air channel is divided into 3 parts with equal distance according to the length direction by the fog dissipation modules 9, second measurement points 2 are arranged above the center position of each part, and each second measurement point 2 is located at the position of 0.1m of the outlet direction height of the hot air channel of the fog dissipation module, so that 3N second measurement points 2 are arranged in each cooling tower 7. The air parameters above the hot channel of the fog dissipation module of the second measuring point 2 comprise atmospheric pressure, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature and air flow rate, the atmospheric pressure, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are used as initial parameters, and air density and moisture content are calculated through the industrial cooling tower test procedure.
(2) Calculating the air parameters of each part, and calculating the weighted average moisture content of the air, wherein the weighted average moisture content of the air above the dehydrator is d1mThe weighted average mass flow rate moisture content of the air above the hot channel of the fog dispersal module is d2mThe average moisture content of the air entering the tower is d3m. According to the atmospheric pressure, the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature measured at each position point, the air density and the moisture content corresponding to each measuring point can be calculated according to a calculation formula in the standard ' Industrial Cooling Tower test Specification ' (DL/T1027-2006) of the Power industry of the people's republic of China.
Weighted average moisture content d by mass flow of air over the water trap1mThe calculation is an example and is illustrated as follows: calculating the air moisture content d of each position point in turn by the test parameters1-1～d1-9And dry air density ρDA1-1～ρDA1-9And the wind speed of the test point is recorded as V1-1～V1-9，d1mBy
And (4) calculating.
Mass flow weighted average moisture content d of air above hot channel of fog dispersal module2mCalculation of and d1mSimilarly.
Average moisture content of air entering the tower is d3mThe calculation process is as follows: calculating the air moisture content d of four position points (the air inlets on the left side and the right side are divided, so that the total number of the 4 measuring points) by using the air parameters of the measuring points 1/4 and 3/4 in the width direction of the air inlet of the condensing type fog-dispersal water-saving cooling tower3-1～d3-4，d3mFrom d3-1～d3-4Is arithmetic mean of
And (4) calculating.
(3) ColdCalculating the water-saving rate of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower: etaws＝(d1m-d2m)/(d1m-d3m)。
The working principle and the theoretical basis of the invention are as follows:
(1) introduction of water-saving rate of condensing type fog-dispersing water-saving cooling tower
A condensing type fog-eliminating water-saving cooling tower is characterized in that a plate-type cross air-air heat exchanger fog-eliminating module is arranged in an air chamber on a water collector of the cooling tower and is designed into different channels so that hot and humid air in the tower and dry and cold air outside the tower can perform wall-type heat exchange. After the wet and hot air close to saturation in the tower passes through the fog dissipation module, the temperature is reduced, and partial steam is condensed into liquid water to flow back to the cooling tower again, so that the aim of saving water is fulfilled; the temperature of the dry and cold air outside the tower is increased after passing through the fog dispersal module, and the relative humidity is reduced. The air inside and outside the tower is mixed after passing through the fog dispersal module, the relative humidity of the air out of the tower is reduced by the mixed air, and the white fog is not easily formed at the outlet of the tower, so that the aim of fog dispersal is fulfilled.
On the basis of the water-saving working principle of the condensation type fog-dispersal and water-saving cooling tower, the saturated damp and hot air subjected to heat exchange by the filler in the tower is cooled by introducing cold air outside the tower to reach a supersaturated state, so that water vapor in the damp and hot air is condensed, the condensed water vapor flows back into the cooling tower, the purpose of saving water is realized, and the water-saving amount is the change of the moisture content of the damp and hot air in the tower after passing through the condensation module. The water loss of the circulating water is mainly caused by evaporation and heat dissipation of the circulating water, and the quantity of the water loss is the moisture content increase value caused by heat and mass exchange between air outside the tower and circulating water, namely the difference between the moisture content of damp and hot air above a water eliminator in the tower and the moisture content of air entering the tower. The water saving effect can be obtained by the ratio of the return water quantity and the loss water quantity, namely the calculation method of the water saving rate provided by the invention.
The method comprehensively considers the air parameters in the cooling tower and the air parameters outside the cooling tower, can evaluate the water saving effect of the condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling tower under different meteorological parameters, is visual and accurate representation of the water saving effect, enriches the water saving performance test theory of the condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling tower, has maneuverability in the test, is used for evaluating the water saving performance of different condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling towers and promotes the improvement of the water saving performance of the condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling tower.
Examples
Firstly, testing air parameters entering the tower, air parameters above the dehydrator and air parameters above the hot channel of the fog dissipation module. Calculating the air parameters of each part to calculate the weighted average moisture content of the air, wherein the weighted average moisture content of the mass flow of the air above the dehydrator is d1mThe weighted average mass flow rate moisture content of the air above the hot channel of the fog dispersal module is d2mThe average moisture content of the air entering the tower is d3m. In this embodiment, the water saving rate eta of the condensing type fog-eliminating water-saving cooling towerws＝(d1m-d2m)/(d1m-d3m)＝(0.02965-0.02399)/(0.02965-0.00405)×100％＝22.1％。。
TABLE 1 measured values of the examples
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The method for calculating the water-saving rate of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, setting a third measuring point (3) outside an air inlet to measure air parameters entering a tower, setting a first measuring point (1) above a dehydrator (4) to measure air parameters above the dehydrator (4), and setting a second measuring point (2) above a fog dissipation module (9) to measure air parameters above a hot channel of the fog dissipation module (9);
step 2, calculating the average moisture content of the air at each measuring point through the air parameters;
and 3, calculating the water saving rate through the average moisture content of the air entering the tower, the average moisture content of the air above the dehydrator (4) and the average moisture content of the air above the hot channel of the defogging module (9).
2. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling tower according to claim 1, wherein the third measuring point (3) is arranged outside the air inlet, and two third measuring points (3) are arranged outside the air inlet on each side.
3. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling tower according to claim 2, wherein a third measuring point (3) is respectively arranged at 1/4 and 3/4 in the outer width direction of each side air inlet, the horizontal distance from each third measuring point (3) to the air inlet where the third measuring point is located is 3m, and the vertical height from the ground is 2 m.
4. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling tower according to claim 1, wherein a plane 0.5m above the upper surface of the dehydrator (4) is a first measuring plane, the first measuring plane is equally divided into 9 measuring units with equal area, the measuring units are square or rectangular, and a first measuring point (1) is arranged at the center point of each measuring unit.
5. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling tower according to claim 1, wherein N rows of fog dispersal modules (9) are arranged in the cooling tower (7), each row of fog dispersal modules (9) comprises three units with equal length along the length direction, and a second measuring point (2) is arranged 0.1m above the center of each unit.
6. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling tower according to claim 1, wherein the air parameters comprise atmospheric pressure, dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature.
7. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling tower according to the claim 6, wherein in the step 2, the air moisture content of each test point is calculated by combining the atmospheric pressure, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature with the industrial cooling tower test regulation.
8. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling tower according to the claim 7, wherein in the step 2, the average moisture content of the first measuring point (1) is d1mThe average moisture content of the second measuring point (2) is d2mThe calculation formula of the average moisture content is as follows:
wherein, V1-iFor measuring the wind speed of a point, pDA1-iTo measure the density of the spot dry air, d1-iFor measuring the point air moisture content, n is the number of measuring points.
9. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensing type fog dispersal water saving cooling tower according to claim 8, wherein the average moisture content of the third measurement points (3) is the average value of the moisture contents of all the third measurement points (3).
10. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower according to claim 9, wherein in the step 3, the calculation formula of the water saving rate is as follows:
ηws＝(d1m-d2m)/(d1m-d3m)。
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