CN113788700A - 一种利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖制备的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖制备的方法 Download PDF

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CN113788700A
CN113788700A CN202111141606.3A CN202111141606A CN113788700A CN 113788700 A CN113788700 A CN 113788700A CN 202111141606 A CN202111141606 A CN 202111141606A CN 113788700 A CN113788700 A CN 113788700A
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sludge
solid waste
brick
insulating brick
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周云龙
胡志彪
张夏红
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Longyan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖制备的方法，具体步骤为：(1)将煤矸石、铁尾矿、页岩和硼镁泥混合后加入至固废淤泥中搅拌均匀后制得混合淤泥；(2)将混合淤泥部分脱水后加入助熔剂和成孔剂，混合均匀后放入液压成型机中制成砖坯；(3)将砖坯烘干后放入炉窑中烧制即可制得所述保温砖。本发明所提供的制备方法以外加成孔剂制作保温砖，克服了淤泥等固体废弃物原料活性低、成型困难的难题，为淤泥基烧结砖提高附加值，拓宽其应用范围。本发明所提供的制备方法制得的保温砖还具有优异的保温性能和抗压性能，利用淤泥制砖，不仅消除污染，还节约了资源，保护了城市环境，有效地实现废物再次利用，能够带来良好的经济效益。

Description

一种利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖制备的方法
技术领域
本发明属于固废淤泥回收利用技术领域，尤其是涉及一种利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖制备的方法。
背景技术
我国境内有河流众多，错综复杂的水网给人们带来了丰富的水资源及便利运输；但受到环境因素和人为因素的影响，例如：随着城市人口的不断增多，河道中通常容易堆积大量的垃圾与污泥，而河道淤泥增多不仅会阻碍了河水的流动，在雨水汛期还很有可能导致洪灾，从而威胁到周边人民群众的安全；因此，治理河道的重大任务之一就是河道淤泥的清理工作(徐杨，阎长虹，许宝田，邵勇，阮晓红.城市河道淤泥特性及改良试验初探[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,01:110-114.)。然而，随着河道清理工作的进行，所产生的大量淤泥如果采用传统处理方式(如露天堆放，深埋等)来处理，不仅会对周围的水体和土壤环境再次造成破坏，同时还对城市的环境容貌造成严重的影响。
近年来，人类已进入探索可持续发展社会经济的时代，我国也提出了要走节约型发展道路。为了实现可持续发展的目标，不仅要珍惜自然资源和加强生态环境保护，还必须鼓励推广既节能又环保的绿色建材产业。利用河道淤泥制砖，不仅消除污染，节约了资源，保护了城市环境，还有效地实现废物再次利用；此外，利用河道淤泥制造的保温砖还具有较好的隔热保温性能和耐久性能(王智宇，翁晶晶，屠浩驰，李陆宝，王小山.河道淤泥生产烧结砖的基础研究[J].新型建筑材料,2010,06:24-26.)。目前，关于利用河道淤泥制造的保温砖方面的研究已经取得越来越多的成果，但依然存在淤泥利用效率不高，所制得的保温砖性能不佳等诸多问题。因此，开发一种以各种工业废弃物(例如：铁尾矿，煤矸石等)与河道淤泥为主要原料制备性能更佳的保温砖是非常有意义的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖方法。
为了达成上述目的，本发明的解决方案是：
一种利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法，包括如下步聚：
(1)将煤矸石、铁尾矿、页岩和硼镁泥混合后加入至固废淤泥中搅拌均匀后制得混合淤泥；
(2)将混合淤泥部分脱水后加入助熔剂和成孔剂，混合均匀后放入液压成型机中制成砖坯；
(3)将砖坯烘干后放入炉窑中烧制即可制得所述保温砖。
优选地，步骤(1)中所述淤泥为河道淤泥；所述淤泥的含水量为60-70％。
优选地，步骤(1)中所述硼镁泥中硼的含量为0.1-1.5％。
优选地，步骤(1)中所述各原料的重量份数如下：煤矸石10-12份、铁尾矿13-15份、页岩7-10份、硼镁泥3-7份、淤泥180-200份。
优选地，步骤(2)中所述助熔剂为生石灰，所述成孔剂为硅酸钙生产中的废料。
优选地，步骤(2)中所述液压成型的压力为25-30MPa。
优选地，步骤(2)中所述助熔剂和成孔剂的重量份数如下：助熔剂1-5份，成孔剂2-8份。
优选地，步骤(3)中所述烘干为微波加热烘干。
优选地，步骤(3)中所述烧制温度为900-1000℃，烧制时间为6-10h。
前述利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法制得的保温砖，所述保温砖的主要原料为煤矸石、铁尾矿、页岩、硼镁泥和固废淤泥；所述保温砖中还含有生石灰和硅酸钙生产中的废料。
相对于现有的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖方法，本发明的原理和增益效果如下：
1.本发明所提供的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖方法选用河道淤泥、煤矸石、铁尾矿、硼镁泥和页岩为基本原料主要基于以下几点考虑：第一，铁尾矿目前是数量最大的铁矿废料，其硅含量高，有的铁尾矿SiO2的含量可高达75％，加入到河道淤泥中可极大提高所制得保温砖的强度。第二，我国是煤炭大国，煤矿开采和加工过程中会伴随产生大量无法处理煤矸石，煤矸石加入到河道淤泥中可以作为砖坯体的内燃料，在保温砖的烧制过程中可使砖坯体内外升温速率更加均匀，不仅避免了砖坯体在烧制过程中因内外温差而导致的开裂和变形，还有效地降低了烧制时的能耗，节约资源。第三，页岩是价格低廉且容易获得的石料，将页岩制成颗粒后加入到河道淤泥中可增加所制得砖坯体的强度。第四，硼镁泥是硼镁矿生产硼砂时的废渣，其主要成分是氧化镁，还含有氧化钙、氧化铝和微量的硼砂，将硼镁泥加入到河道淤泥中不仅可有效提升所制得砖坯体的保温性能还能进一步增加砖坯体的强度。
2.本发明所提供的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖方法利用硅酸钙生产过程中的废料(例如切割边角料和研磨粉尘)作为成孔剂，可有效地增加所制得保温砖的开孔孔隙并降低砖的体积密度。
3.本发明所提供的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖方法利用河道淤泥等固体废弃物制备保温砖，为河道淤泥等固废资源的综合化利用提供了一种新途径。
4.本发明所提供的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖方法克服了淤泥等固体废弃物原料活性低、成型困难的难题，为淤泥基烧结砖提高附加值，拓宽其应用范围。
5.本发明所提供的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖方法还具有工艺简单、条件温和、重复性好以及利于工业化推广等优点，为工业利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖提供了一种新方法，开拓了新思路。
具体实施方式
下面进一步结合实施例以详细说明本发明。同样应理解，以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，示例中具体的质量、反应时间和温度、工艺参数等也仅是合适范围中的一个示例，本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容做出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明实施例所使用的微波干燥设备采购自山东千弘微波设备有限公司。
本发明实施例所使用的硅酸钙生产过程中的废料可通过市场购买，收到后按以下方法进行处理：将硅酸钙生产过程中的废料粉碎后过筛100目，分析测试所得粉料中的主要组成成分是硬硅钙石86％,水含量为6％，余量为其它杂质。
本发明实施例部分所使用铁尾矿在使用前需进行粉碎，然后使用激光衍射粒度分析仪进行粒径测试，结果平均粒径为0.416μm。
本发明实施例部分所使用煤矸石在使用前需进行粉碎，然后使用激光衍射粒度分析仪进行粒径测试，结果平均粒径为0.527μm。
本发明实施例部分所使用页岩石在使用前需进行粉碎，然后使用激光衍射粒度分析仪进行粒径测试，结果平均粒径为0.380μm。
本发明实施例部分所使用硼镁泥在使用前进行ICP-OES检测确定硼的含量，结果为0.3％。
本发明实施例部分所使用河道淤泥在使用前进行含水量检测，结果为68.5％。
实施例1：
利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的具体步聚如下：
(1)将10份煤矸石、15份铁尾矿、7份页岩和3份硼镁泥混合后加入至200份固废淤泥中，所得混合物搅拌均匀后制得混合淤泥；
(2)将步骤(1)中制得的混合淤泥在室内自然晾晒2天，晾晒时控制平均温度为26度，湿度为70％，晾晒后测得部分脱水的混合淤泥中含水量为29.7％；往部分脱水后的混合淤泥中加入2份生石灰和3份硅酸钙生产过程中的废料，混合均匀后放入液压成型机中在30MPa压力下制成砖坯；
(3)将步骤(2)中制得的砖坯放入微波干燥设备中进行微波加热烘干，设置微波功率为300W，微波加热温度为80℃，微波加热时间为1h，烘干后测得砖坯的含水量为2.4％；将烘干后的砖坯放入炉窑中在950℃烧制7h，出窑后即可制得所述保温砖。
依据国标GB26538-2011对制得的保温砖进行表征，结果如下：传热系数为0.13/W·(m2·K)-1，抗压强度为131kg/cm3，容重为1.36g/cm3,孔隙率为77.1％。
实施例2：
利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的具体步聚如下：
(1)将12份煤矸石、13份铁尾矿、10份页岩和7份硼镁泥混合后加入至200份固废淤泥中，所得混合物搅拌均匀后制得混合淤泥；
(2)将步骤(1)中制得的混合淤泥在室内自然晾晒2天，晾晒时控制平均温度为26度，湿度为70％，晾晒后测得部分脱水的混合淤泥中含水量为29.1％；往部分脱水后的混合淤泥中加入5份生石灰和8份硅酸钙生产过程中的废料，混合均匀后放入液压成型机中在30MPa压力下制成砖坯；
(3)将步骤(2)中制得的砖坯放入微波干燥设备中进行微波加热烘干，设置微波功率为300W，微波加热温度为80℃，微波加热时间为1h，烘干后测得砖坯的含水量为2.1％；将烘干后的砖坯放入炉窑中在950℃烧制7h，出窑后即可制得所述保温砖。
依据国标GB26538-2011对制得的保温砖进行表征，结果如下：传热系数为0.11/W·(m2·K)-1，抗压强度为129kg/cm3，容重为1.31g/cm3,孔隙率为78.2％。
实施例3：
利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的实验步聚参考实施例2，不同之处在于将步骤(2)中硅酸钙生产过程中的废料的用量调整为2份，其余步骤均同实施例2。依据国标GB26538-2011对制得的保温砖进行表征，结果如下：传热系数为0.14/W·(m2·K)-1，抗压强度为128kg/cm3，容重为1.39g/cm3,孔隙率为73.7％。
实施例4：
利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的实验步聚参考实施例2，不同之处在于将步骤(2)中压制砖坯的液压成型机的压力调整为25MPa，其余步骤均同实施例2。依据国标GB26538-2011对制得的保温砖进行表征，结果如下：传热系数为0.13/W·(m2·K)-1，抗压强度为125kg/cm3，容重为1.29g/cm3,孔隙率为78.6％。
对比例1：
利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的实验步聚参考实施例2，不同之处在于将步骤(1)中硼镁泥的用量调整为0份，其余步骤均同实施例2。依据国标GB26538-2011对制得的保温砖进行表征，结果如下：传热系数为0.21/W·(m2·K)-1，抗压强度为92kg/cm3，容重为0.91g/cm3,孔隙率为65.7％。
对比例2：
利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的实验步聚参考实施例2，不同之处在于将步骤(2)中硅酸钙生产过程中的废料的用量调整为0份，其余步骤均同实施例2。依据国标GB26538-2011对制得的保温砖进行表征，结果如下：传热系数为0.37/W·(m2·K)-1，抗压强度为99kg/cm3，容重为0.82g/cm3,孔隙率为51.2％。
对比例3：
利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的实验步聚参考实施例2，不同之处在于将步骤(1)中铁尾矿的用量调整为0份，其余步骤均同实施例2。依据国标GB26538-2011对制得的保温砖进行表征，结果如下：传热系数为0.28/W·(m2·K)-1，抗压强度为85kg/cm3，容重为0.87g/cm3,孔隙率为60.4％。
对比例4：
利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的实验步聚参考实施例2，不同之处在于将步骤(3)中微波加热烘干改为传统的加热烘干，加热温度为80℃，需要烘干21h砖坯的含水量才能将至2.1％，其余步骤均同实施例2。依据国标GB26538-2011对制得的保温砖进行表征，结果如下：传热系数为0.11/W·(m2·K)-1，抗压强度为128kg/cm3，容重为1.30g/cm3,孔隙率为78.1％。
由以上结果可以看出本发明所提供的制备方法制得的保温砖具有优异的保温性能和抗压性能，利用淤泥制砖，不仅消除污染，还节约了资源，保护了城市环境，有效地实现废物再次利用，能够带来良好的经济效益。

Claims (10)

1.一种利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步聚：
(1)将煤矸石、铁尾矿、页岩和硼镁泥混合后加入至固废淤泥中搅拌均匀后制得混合淤泥；
(2)将混合淤泥部分脱水后加入助熔剂和成孔剂，混合均匀后放入液压成型机中液压成型制成砖坯；
(3)将砖坯烘干后放入炉窑中烧制即可制得所述保温砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中所述淤泥为河道淤泥；所述淤泥的含水量为60-70％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中所述硼镁泥中硼的含量为0.1-1.5％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中所述各原料的重量份数如下：煤矸石10-12份、铁尾矿13-15份、页岩7-10份、硼镁泥3-7份、淤泥180-200份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述助熔剂为生石灰，所述成孔剂为硅酸钙生产中的废料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述液压成型的压力为25-30MPa。
7.根据权利要求1所述的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述助熔剂和成孔剂的重量份数如下：助熔剂1-5份，成孔剂2-8份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中所述的烘干为微波加热烘干。
9.根据权利要求1所述的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中所述烧制温度为900-1000℃，烧制时间为6-10h。
10.一种根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖的方法制得的保温砖，其特征在于：所述保温砖的主要原料为煤矸石、铁尾矿、页岩、硼镁泥和固废淤泥；所述保温砖还含有生石灰和硅酸钙生产中的废料。
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Application publication date: 20211214