CN113786675A - 一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料 - Google Patents
一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,包括耐高温过滤层、常温过滤层、焦油吸附层、高效过滤层;耐高温过滤层由耐高温有机纤维或无机纤维制备的针刺非织造材料;常温过滤层由涤纶纤维、锦纶纤维或腈纶纤维制备的针刺非织造材料;焦油吸附层由醋酸纤维制备的针刺或水刺非织造材料;高效过滤层由热风非织造材料和熔喷非织造材料复合而成。本发明使用多种纤维材料作为不同的滤层,根据不同材料的耐化学性、耐热性、过滤精度的不同,对不同油烟成分进行分级过滤、吸附,以提高油烟净化效率;使用焦油吸附层去除油烟中焦油、丙烯醛类致癌物,将醋酸纤维用于油烟机中,由于醋酸纤维能够吸附油烟中的焦油、丙烯醛类,能极大降低油烟有害物的排放。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及过滤材料技术领域,尤其是一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料。
背景技术
根据资料显示,餐饮行业对城市空气质量的污染程度已经上升到第3位。油烟不仅严重的污染了大气环境,同时也对居民的身体健康产生了严重的危害。随着人们环保健康意识的不断提高,新型油烟过滤方式及过滤材料的研究也逐渐得到重视,油烟机逐渐成为家喻户晓的产品。目前,国内厨房油烟净化器过滤方式主要分为惯性分离式、静电沉积式、液体吸收式和过滤吸附式四大类。其中,过滤吸附式的过滤效果可以达到90%以上,但排放气体中剩下的少量物质对人体危害是巨大的。因而,如何研发新滤材或应用新的净化方式来提高过滤效率显得至关重要。
由于单一材料已很难使过滤材料的性能得以提高和突破,因此复合过滤材料以及多层过滤材料的研发逐渐成为人们研究的方向。这种复合型材料是由不同的材料结合在一起形成结构较为复杂的多层材料或多组分混合材料。
例如,专利CN 110983624 A公开了一种油烟空气过滤材料的制备方法,其原料为自扭曲纤维;其将PET熔体和PTT熔体按质量比进行分配后,从同一喷丝板上的喷丝孔挤出制得短丝,得到新的自扭曲纤维。
专利CN102151439A公开一种用于油烟分离及油汽分离的过滤材料,其以铁、镍、铜或其合金金属构成骨架基材,呈三维网状多孔结构,在降低材料成本的同时提高过滤材料的净化效率。
专利CN105107269A公开了一种高强度油烟空气过滤材料及其制备方法,其是由数十种不同原料按比例混合制得,其净化效果虽然能提升,有良好的机械性能,高强度、耐高温等性能,但成本较高,工艺较麻烦。
专利CN105624676A公开了一种油烟过滤用多孔泡沫合金材料的制备方法,其通过多种工艺:海绵基材导电化—电沉积镍铁合金—热处理—电沉积铬—热处理,该方法可以得到具有较均匀的孔隙结构、较高的耐腐蚀性能及抗拉强度,能有效解决油污的吸收与回收,但滤材更换周期短,使用时较为麻烦。
专利CN108514154B公布了一种烟气过滤材料及其制备方法和用途,其对醋酸纤维进行改性,使得烟气依次经过第一二醋酸纤维素膜层、亲油性高分子材料膜层和第二二醋酸纤维素膜层,从而提高对焦油的吸附功能,还可同时过滤烟雾颗粒和有害气体,具有广阔的应用前景和较高的应用价值,由此可以看出醋酸纤维在过滤材料应用上具有非常大的应用价值。
因此,亟需要提供一种新型的净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,以解决油烟过滤的同时,避免排放的物质对人体造成影响。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,本发明利用四层结构对油烟细微颗粒物分部进行不同的过滤方式,以提高油烟的净化效率。
本发明的技术方案为:一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,所述的过滤材料包括依次设置的耐高温过滤层、常温过滤层、焦油吸附层、高效过滤层;
其中,所述的耐高温过滤层由耐高温有机纤维或无机纤维制备的针刺非织造材料,可在220~250℃高温下长期使用;
所述的常温过滤层由涤纶纤维、锦纶纤维或腈纶纤维制备的针刺非织造材料,可以在100~200℃下长期使用;
所述的焦油吸附层由醋酸纤维制备的针刺或水刺非织造材料,醋酸纤维的长度为18~51mm,细度为0.5~10D;
所述的高效过滤层由热风非织造材料和熔喷非织造材料复合而成。
作为优选的,所述的耐高温过滤层的克重为100~300g/m2,初始过滤阻力为5~15Pa。
作为优选的,所述的耐高温过滤层的纤维是聚苯硫醚、聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、芳纶中的一种或多种。
作为优选的,所述的常温过滤层的克重为100~400g/m2,初始过滤阻力为5~20Pa。
作为优选的,所述的焦油吸附层为铺叠形成的多层结构,层数为1~5层,且所述的焦油吸附层单层克重为20~200g/m2。
作为优选的,所述的焦油吸附层的醋酸纤维的单丝纤维的截面形态呈Y状。
作为优选的,所述的高效过滤层的克重为20~200g/m2。
作为优选的,所述的高效过滤层的热风非织造材料由聚乙烯PE、聚丙烯PP或聚乙烯PE、聚酯PET的双组分皮芯结构的ES纤维得到。
作为优选的,所述的热风非织造材料的克重为10~100g/m2。
作为优选的,所述的高效过滤层的熔喷非织造材料为聚丙烯PP、聚酯PET或二者构成的双组份熔喷。
作为优选的,所述的高效过滤层的熔喷非织造材料的克重为10~50g/m2,纤维平均直径1~15μm。
作为优选的,所述的ES纤维的细度为0.5~6D,长度为28~50mm,皮层熔点在90~130℃之间。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明不仅能有效过滤油烟废气中的固体、液体粒子,还能起到减害功效,净化效果好,能有效降低油烟废气对环境的污染;先利用惯性效应使得油烟附着在过滤板上,达到初级油烟分离的目的,净化效率在30%左右,然后在利用四层过滤结构进行相应的过滤;
2、本发明使用多种纤维材料作为不同的滤层,根据不同材料的耐化学性、耐热性、过滤精度的不同,对不同油烟成分进行分级过滤、吸附,以此达到提高油烟净化效率的作用;
3、本发明使用焦油吸附层去除油烟中焦油、丙烯醛类致癌物,将醋酸纤维应用于油烟机中,由于醋酸纤维能够吸附油烟中的焦油、丙烯醛类等,能极大降低油烟有害物的排放;
4、本发明的耐高温过滤层,其耐腐蚀性好、耐高温性、化学稳定性好,主要作用是油烟降温、过滤烟气中混杂的飞絮、灰尘等,以及去除油烟中液态成分;
5、本发明的常温过滤层主要作用是缓解热空气的冲击,进一步分离油烟中液态物质;
6、本发明的焦油吸附层的醋酸纤维的单丝纤维截面形态呈Y状,纤维的比表面积大,对烟雾中的有害成份具有较好的吸附与截留作用,主要是吸附油烟气体中的焦油、丙烯醛类等有害物;
7、本发明的高效过滤层是利用微纳米纤维的高效过滤性能,对未能过滤的极小细微颗粒物进行过滤阻拦。
附图说明
图1为本发明过滤材料的结构示意图;
图中,1-耐高温过滤层,2-常温过滤层,3-焦油吸附层,高效过滤层;
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明:
实施例1
如图1所示,本实施例提供一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,所述的材料由四层过滤层组成,从下至上分别为耐高温过滤层1、常温过滤层2、焦油吸附层3、高效过滤层4。
其中,耐高温过滤层1是耐高温的聚苯硫醚纤维制备的针刺非织造材料,克重为200g/m2,初始过滤阻力为6Pa。
常温过滤层2是由涤纶纤维制备的针刺非织造材料,克重为250g/m2,初始过滤阻力为10Pa。
焦油吸附层3是由醋酸纤维制备的水刺非织造材料,醋酸纤维的长度为38mm,细度为2.2D,单层克重为40g/m2,焦油吸附层3是铺叠形成的多层结构,层数为4层。
高效过滤层4是由热风非织造材料和熔喷非织造材料复合而成,克重为55~60g/m2。热风非织造材料是由聚乙烯(PE)/聚丙烯(PP)双组分皮芯结构的ES纤维得到;ES纤维细度为2D,长度为38mm,皮层熔点在100℃。热风非织造材料的克重为30g/m2。熔喷非织造材料为聚丙烯(PP),克重为25g/m2,纤维平均直径3μm。
本实施例的过滤材料经过最后检测,净化效率在95%以上。
实施例2
如图1所示,本实施例提供一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,所述的材料由四层过滤层组成,从下至上分别为耐高温过滤层1、常温过滤层2、焦油吸附层3、高效过滤层4。
其中,所述的耐高温过滤层1是耐高温的聚酰亚胺制备的针刺非织造材料,克重为300g/m2,初始过滤阻力为10Pa。可在220~250℃高温下长期使用。
所述的常温过滤层2是由锦纶纤维制备的针刺非织造材料,克重为300g/m2,初始过滤阻力为5Pa。
所述的焦油吸附层3是由醋酸纤维制备的水刺非织造材料,醋酸纤维的长度为45mm,细度为6D,单层克重为100g/m2,焦油吸附层3是铺叠形成的多层结构,层数为4层。
所述的高效过滤层4是由热风非织造材料和熔喷非织造材料复合而成,克重为55~60g/m2。热风非织造材料是由聚乙烯(PE)/聚酯(PET)双组分皮芯结构的ES纤维得到;ES纤维细度为2D,长度为38mm,皮层熔点在100℃。热风非织造材料的克重为30g/m2。熔喷非织造材料为聚丙烯(PP),克重为25g/m2,纤维平均直径3μm。
本实施例的过滤材料经过最后检测,净化效率在95%以上。
实施例3
如图1所示,本实施例提供一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,所述的材料由四层过滤层组成,从下至上分别为耐高温过滤层1、常温过滤层2、焦油吸附层3、高效过滤层4。
其中,所述的耐高温过滤层1是耐高温的芳砜纶制备的针刺非织造材料,克重为100g/m2,初始过滤阻力为5Pa。可在220~250℃高温下长期使用。
所述的常温过滤层2是由腈纶纤维制备的针刺非织造材料,克重为150g/m2,初始过滤阻力为15Pa。
所述的焦油吸附层3是由醋酸纤维制备的水刺非织造材料,醋酸纤维的长度为25mm,细度为3D,单层克重为50g/m2,焦油吸附层3是铺叠形成的多层结构,层数为4层。
所述的高效过滤层4是由热风非织造材料和熔喷非织造材料复合而成,克重为55~60g/m2。热风非织造材料是由聚乙烯(PE)/聚酯(PET)双组分皮芯结构的ES纤维得到;ES纤维细度为2D,长度为38mm,皮层熔点在100℃。热风非织造材料的克重为30g/m2。熔喷非织造材料为聚丙烯(PP),克重为25g/m2,纤维平均直径3μm。
本实施例的过滤材料经过最后检测,净化效率在95%以上。
实施例4
如图1所示,本实施例提供一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,所述的材料由四层过滤层组成,从下至上分别为耐高温过滤层1、常温过滤层2、焦油吸附层3、高效过滤层4。
其中,所述的耐高温过滤层1是耐高温的芳纶制备的针刺非织造材料,克重为150g/m2,初始过滤阻力为12Pa。可在220~250℃高温下长期使用。
所述的常温过滤层2是由腈纶纤维制备的针刺非织造材料,克重为150g/m2,初始过滤阻力为15Pa。
所述的焦油吸附层3是由醋酸纤维制备的水刺非织造材料,醋酸纤维的长度为25mm,细度为3D,单层克重为50g/m2,焦油吸附层3是铺叠形成的多层结构,层数为4层。
所述的高效过滤层4是由热风非织造材料和熔喷非织造材料复合而成,克重为55~60g/m2。热风非织造材料是由聚乙烯(PE)/聚酯(PET)双组分皮芯结构的ES纤维得到;ES纤维细度为2D,长度为28mm,皮层熔点在100℃。热风非织造材料的克重为30g/m2。熔喷非织造材料为聚丙烯(PP)、聚酯(PET)构成的双组份熔喷,克重为10g/m2,纤维平均直径5μm。
本实施例的过滤材料经过最后检测,净化效率在95%以上。上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理和最佳实施例,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,其特征在于,所述的过滤材料包括依次设置的耐高温过滤层(1)、常温过滤层(2)、焦油吸附层(3)、高效过滤层(4);
其中,所述的耐高温过滤层(1)由耐高温有机纤维或无机纤维制备的针刺非织造材料,可在220~250℃高温下长期使用;
所述的常温过滤层(2)由涤纶纤维、锦纶纤维或腈纶纤维制备的针刺非织造材料,可以在100~200℃下长期使用;
所述的焦油吸附层(3)由醋酸纤维制备的针刺或水刺非织造材料,所述的醋酸纤维的长度为18~51mm,细度为0.5~10D;
所述的高效过滤层(4)由热风非织造材料和熔喷非织造材料复合而成;
所述的高效过滤层(4)的热风非织造材料由聚乙烯PE、聚丙烯PP或聚乙烯PE、聚酯PET的双组分皮芯结构的ES纤维得到;
所述的高效过滤层(4)的熔喷非织造材料为聚丙烯PP、聚酯PET或二者构成的双组份熔喷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,其特征在于:所述的耐高温过滤层(1)的克重为100~300g/m2,初始过滤阻力为5~15Pa。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,其特征在于:所述的耐高温过滤层(1)的纤维是聚苯硫醚、聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、芳纶中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,其特征在于:所述的常温过滤层(2)的克重为100~400g/m2,初始过滤阻力为5~20Pa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,其特征在于:所述的焦油吸附层(3)为铺叠形成的多层结构,层数为1~5层,且所述的焦油吸附层(3)单层克重为20~200g/m2。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,其特征在于:所述的焦油吸附层(3)的醋酸纤维的单丝纤维的截面形态呈Y状。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,其特征在于:所述的高效过滤层(4)的克重为20~200g/m2。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,其特征在于:所述的热风非织造材料的克重为10~100g/m2。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,其特征在于:所述的高效过滤层(4)的熔喷非织造材料的克重为10~50g/m2,纤维平均直径1~15μm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型净化厨房油烟用过滤材料,其特征在于:所述的ES纤维的细度为0.5~6D,长度为28~50mm,皮层熔点在90~130℃之间。
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