CN113782621A - 一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器及制备方法,器件自下而上依次包括衬底、绝缘胶、金属反射层、钝化层、碲镉汞薄膜、微纳结构以及电极;其中碲镉汞薄膜的厚度为亚微米级,可以减小工作时的暗电流,微纳结构、碲镉汞薄膜、钝化层和金属反射层形成等离激元微腔,极大提高碲镉汞的红外光吸收能力,该结构兼备高吸收和低噪声的特点,可以提高碲镉汞探测器的工作温度,解决了传统高性能碲镉汞红外探测器需要在液氮制冷等苛刻条件下工作的问题。相较于在外延厚衬底上制备碲镉汞薄膜,本发明的制备方法,实现了微纳结构‑碲镉汞薄膜‑金属反射层的超薄三明治结构的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碲镉汞红外探测器及制备方法。
背景技术
碲镉汞半导体材料具有电荷迁移率高、量子效率高、响应速度快、带隙可调等特征,在红外探测领域具有不可替代的地位。根据朗伯-比尔定律,材料的光吸收与其厚度成正比。然而,随着厚度的增加,暗电流显著增加,因此,传统碲镉汞探测器为获得高探测率,需要在液氮制冷等苛刻条件下工作,具有功耗高、体积大、成本高、使用寿命受制冷设备限制等局限性,不利于焦平面超大阵列的集成,极大地限制了它的应用范围和发展前景。
发明内容
发明目的:针对上述现有技术,提出一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器,解决传统高性能碲镉汞探测器需要在液氮制冷等苛刻条件下工作的问题,并提出一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器制备方法。
技术方案:一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器,自下而上依次包括衬底、绝缘胶、金属反射层、钝化层、碲镉汞薄膜、微纳结构以及电极;其中,所述碲镉汞薄膜的厚度为亚微米级,所述微纳结构、碲镉汞薄膜、钝化层以及金属反射层共同形成等离激元微腔。
进一步的,所述微纳结构的厚度h1与金属反射层的厚度h2均大于材料的趋肤深度,所述碲镉汞薄膜的厚度h3和其折射率n3,钝化层的厚度h4和其折射率n4,与探测波长λ在数值上满足关系满足:n3h3+n4h4 ≈ mλ/4,其中m取正奇整数。
一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:在第一衬底上外延生长厚度为亚微米级的碲镉汞薄膜;
第二步:在所述碲镉汞薄膜表面沉积钝化层;
第三步:在所述钝化层上沉积金属反射层;
第四步:在所述金属反射层上旋涂绝缘胶;
第五步:通过所述绝缘胶将所述金属反射层面与第二衬底紧密粘合;
第六步:将第五步所获得的结构的第二衬底一侧固定在平台上,利用机械剥离和化学腐蚀将所述第一衬底完全去除,露出所述碲镉汞薄膜;
第七步:通过微纳加工工艺在所述碲镉汞薄膜表面制作微纳结构和电极,即得到所述等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器。
有益效果:本发明提出的一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器,其碲镉汞薄膜的厚度为亚微米级,可以减小工作时的暗电流,并以微纳结构、碲镉汞薄膜、钝化层和金属反射层组合结构形成等离激元微腔,利用该等离激元微腔的局域电场的增强效应来提高碲镉汞的红外光吸收能力,该结构兼备高吸收和低噪声的特点,可以提高碲镉汞探测器的工作温度,从而解决了传统高性能碲镉汞红外探测器需要在液氮制冷等苛刻条件下工作的问题。
传统结构中,碲镉汞薄膜是外延生长在碲锌镉、碲化镉、硅或锗衬底上的,外延衬底的厚度接近1毫米,因此在衬底和碲镉汞薄膜的两侧分别制作金属反射层和微纳结构后,衬底-碲镉汞薄膜的整体厚度已超出等离激元微腔的局域电场增强效应的作用范围,因此无法实现等离激元微腔的局域电场增强作用。相较于在外延厚衬底上制备碲镉汞薄膜,本发明的一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器制备方法,实现了微纳结构-碲镉汞薄膜-金属反射层的超薄三明治结构的制备。
附图说明
图1是本发明方法的流程示意图;
图2是本发明实施例1的碲镉汞红外探测器剖面结构示意图;
图3是本发明实施例1的碲镉汞红外探测器俯视图;
图4是本发明实施例1的碲镉汞红外探测器及对照组碲镉汞薄膜的红外吸收谱图;
图5是本发明实施例2的碲镉汞红外探测器剖面结构示意图;
图6是本发明实施例2的碲镉汞红外探测器及对照组碲镉汞薄膜的红外吸收谱图;
图7是本发明实施例2的碲镉汞红外探测器俯视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做更进一步的解释。
实施例1:
如图2所示,一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器,自下而上依次包括硅衬底6、环氧树脂胶5、金反射层4、碲化镉钝化层3、碲镉汞薄膜2、微纳结构8以及电极9。其中,微纳结构8的厚度h1为60 nm,金属反射层的厚度h2为120 nm,均大于金的趋肤深度10 nm;碲镉汞薄膜2的厚度h3 = 530 nm,折射率n3 = 3.43,碲化镉钝化层3的厚度h4 = 300 nm,折射率n4 = 2.68;此时,对于探测波长为3.5 μm左右的入射光,满足n3h3+n4h4 = 2621.9 ≈ 3λ/4;微纳结构8为金十字天线阵列,如图3所示,金十字天线臂长为600 nm,臂宽为120 nm,阵列周期为1.8 μm。单元探测区域面积为108 μm×129.6 μm,电极9大小为34 μm×34 μm。在光场作用下微纳结构表面或内部自由电子的集体性振荡所产生的共振模式,即等离激元共振,具有局域电场增强效果;微纳结构8与金反射层4之间形成微腔,构成了等离激元增强的微腔结构,进一步提高了电场的增强效果。
该结构及530 nm厚碲镉汞薄膜的红外吸收光谱如图4所示,该结构在波长为3.5 μm处具有最大光响应度,与具有相同吸收的平板薄膜型探测器相比,其暗电流降低了8倍以上。
如图1所示,上述等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器的制作方法包括以下步骤:
第一步:在900 μm厚的碲锌镉衬底1上通过分子束外延生长530 nm厚的碲镉汞薄膜2。
第二步:在第一步制得的碲镉汞薄膜2上利用分子束外延沉积300 nm碲化镉钝化层3。
第三步:在第二步的碲化镉钝化层3上利用磁控溅射沉积20 nm铬和100 nm的金薄膜,作为金属反射层4。
第四步:在第三步获得的金属反射层4上旋涂环氧树脂胶5。
第五步:在第四步的基础上,通过环氧树脂胶5将金属反射层面与硅衬底6紧密粘合、固化。
第六步:将第五步所获得的多层结构的硅衬底6一侧固定在平台上,利用机械剥离和湿法腐蚀将碲锌镉衬底1完全去除,露出碲镉汞薄膜2。
第七步:在第六步所得结构的碲镉汞薄膜2表面旋涂PMMA,电子束曝光,使微纳结构图案转移到PMMA上,ZX238显影液显影,图案进一步转移到碲镉汞表面。热蒸镀沉积10 nm的铬和50 nm的金,丙酮清洗去除剩余的PMMA,在碲镉汞表面获得设计的金属微纳结构8。
第八步:旋涂AZ1500光刻胶,通过激光直写将电极图案转移至光刻胶上,显影,热蒸镀沉积10 nm的铬层和100 nm的金层,丙酮清洗去除表面剩余光刻胶后得到电极9,再用去离子水冲洗后即得到离激元增强的碲镉汞红外探测器,其中,微纳结构8、碲镉汞薄膜2、碲化镉钝化层3、金反射层4共同形成超薄三明治结构7。
实施例2:
如图5所示,一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器,其结构自下而上包括硅衬底、环氧树脂胶、金反射层、300 nm厚的硫化锌钝化层、1100 nm厚的碲镉汞薄膜、微纳结构和电极。其中,如图6所示,微纳结构为金正方形周期阵列,金正方形周期阵列采用四个边长分别为500 nm、550 nm、600 nm和650 nm的正方形为复用结构单元,复用结构周期为3.6μm。单元探测区域面积为108 μm×129.6 μm,电极大小为34 μm×34 μm。该结构及1100 nm厚碲镉汞薄膜的红外吸收光谱如图7所示。该结构在波长为3.9 μm处具有最大光响应度,与具有相同吸收的平板薄膜型探测器相比,其暗电流降低了4倍以上。
制作上述等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器的方法包括以下步骤:
第一步:在900 μm厚的碲锌镉衬底上通过分子束外延生长1100 nm厚的碲镉汞薄膜。
第二步:在第一步所得碲镉汞薄膜上利用物理气相沉积300 nm硫化锌钝化层。
第三步:在第二步的硫化锌钝化层上表面利用磁控溅射沉积20 nm镍和100 nm的金薄膜,作为金属反射层。
第四步:在第三步获得的金属反射层上旋涂PMMA。
第五步:在第四步的基础上,通过PMMA将金属反射层面与蓝宝石衬底紧密粘合、固化。
第六步:将第五步所获得的多层结构的蓝宝石衬底一侧固定在平台上,利用机械剥离和湿法腐蚀将碲锌镉外延衬底完全去除,露出碲镉汞薄膜。
第七步:在第六步所得结构的碲镉汞表面旋涂PMMA,电子束曝光,使微纳结构图案转移到PMMA上,ZX238显影液显影,图案进一步转移到碲镉汞表面。热蒸镀沉积10 nm的镍和50 nm的金,丙酮清洗去除剩余的PMMA,在碲镉汞表面获得设计的金属微纳结构。
第八步:旋涂AZ1500光刻胶,通过紫外光刻将电极图案转移至光刻胶上,显影,热蒸镀沉积10 nm的镍层和100 nm的金层,丙酮清洗去除表面剩余光刻胶,去离子水冲洗后即得到等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器。
此外,第一衬底的材料还可以为碲化镉、硅或锗;第二步中,沉积方法还可采用化学气相沉积二氧化硅;第三步中金属还可采用银;第七步中,还可以采用纳米压印或近场扫描光刻将微纳图案转移至光刻胶上,微纳结构材料还可以采用氧化铟锡;第八步中,电极材料还可采用银或氧化铟锡。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器,其特征在于,自下而上依次包括衬底、绝缘胶、金属反射层、钝化层、碲镉汞薄膜、微纳结构以及电极;其中,所述碲镉汞薄膜的厚度为亚微米级,所述微纳结构、碲镉汞薄膜、钝化层以及金属反射层共同形成等离激元微腔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器,其特征在于,所述微纳结构的厚度h1与金属反射层的厚度h2均大于材料的趋肤深度,所述碲镉汞薄膜的厚度h3和其折射率n3,钝化层的厚度h4和其折射率n4,与探测波长λ在数值上满足关系满足:n3h3+n4h4 ≈ mλ/4,其中m取正奇整数。
3.一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
第一步:在第一衬底上外延生长厚度为亚微米级的碲镉汞薄膜;
第二步:在所述碲镉汞薄膜表面沉积钝化层;
第三步:在所述钝化层上沉积金属反射层;
第四步:在所述金属反射层上旋涂绝缘胶;
第五步:通过所述绝缘胶将所述金属反射层面与第二衬底紧密粘合;
第六步:将第五步所获得的结构的第二衬底一侧固定在平台上,利用机械剥离和化学腐蚀将所述第一衬底完全去除,露出所述碲镉汞薄膜;
第七步:通过微纳加工工艺在所述碲镉汞薄膜表面制作微纳结构和电极,即得到所述等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一衬底的材料为碲锌镉、碲化镉、硅或锗。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器制备方法,其特征在于,所述第二步中,沉积方法采用化学气相沉积、分子束外延或物理气相沉积,所述钝化层的材料为碲化镉、硫化锌或二氧化硅。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器制备方法,其特征在于,所述第三步中,沉积方法采用物理气相沉积或磁控溅射沉积,金属采用金、银、镍或铬。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器制备方法,其特征在于,所述绝缘胶为环氧树脂或PMMA。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器制备方法,其特征在于,所述第二衬底的材料为硅片或蓝宝石。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种等离激元增强的碲镉汞微腔红外探测器制备方法,其特征在于,所述微纳加工工艺具体为紫外光刻、纳米压印、近场扫描光刻或激光直写工艺,所述微纳结构的材料为金、银、镍、铬或氧化铟锡。
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