CN113777695B - 一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列及其制作方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113777695B
CN113777695B CN202110765234.5A CN202110765234A CN113777695B CN 113777695 B CN113777695 B CN 113777695B CN 202110765234 A CN202110765234 A CN 202110765234A CN 113777695 B CN113777695 B CN 113777695B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
diffraction grating
fiber
grating array
diffraction
optical fiber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202110765234.5A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN113777695A (zh
Inventor
王东宁
夏乾坤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Jiliang University
Original Assignee
China Jiliang University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Jiliang University filed Critical China Jiliang University
Priority to CN202110765234.5A priority Critical patent/CN113777695B/zh
Publication of CN113777695A publication Critical patent/CN113777695A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN113777695B publication Critical patent/CN113777695B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02123Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于光纤光栅技术领域。具体涉及一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列。该衍射光栅阵列刻写在单模光纤纤芯里,机械强度高,可根据衍射角要求,利用飞秒激光微加工的方式改变光栅常数,方便灵活。该光纤衍射光栅阵列可以将纤芯内部的光导入到包层,并在光纤内全反射传播。此外根据不同要求,还可以通过改变光栅阵列的间隔,加强任意波段一级衍射光的衍射光强度。解决了光纤光栅机械强度低、使用寿命低的问题,具有广阔的发展前景。

Description

一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明属于光纤光栅技术领域。具体涉及一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列及其制作方法。
技术背景
光纤光栅作为基本的光子元件,在光纤通信、光纤传感器等光子学领域有着广泛的应用。光纤光栅是通过沿光纤引入周期性折射率(RI)图案而形成的。目前刻写光纤光栅的方法主要有:紫外曝光法、CO2激光刻写和飞秒激光刻写等。近年来,飞秒激光微加工技术被广泛应用于光纤光栅的刻写。飞秒激光微加工具有加工时间短、加工精度高、热影响区小等优点,几乎适用于任何类型的材料。飞秒激光内接光纤光栅具有长期工作稳定性和传感应用吸引力。
光纤光栅具有抗腐蚀、抗电磁干扰、体积小、质量轻、可塑性好等特点,在光纤通信系统、光纤激光器、光纤传感器等领域得到了广泛的应用。按照光栅周期长度可分为光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)和长周期光纤光栅(LPG)和啁啾光纤布拉格光栅(CFBG),其中FBG通常用作高效率反射器;而LPG可以实现同向传输模式之间的耦合,在实际应用中通常利用其透射谱,如用作滤波器;CFBG可以在光纤通信系统里做色散补偿器件。此外衍射光栅也是一类重要的光栅。在光学上重要的应用主要光谱仪、单色仪、超短脉冲激光器、光纤传感器等等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列及其制作方法。
根据所提出的目的,本发明用以解决技术问题所采取的技术措施为:在单模光纤中利用飞秒激光微加工技术刻写衍射光栅阵列。衍射光栅刻写在纤芯正中央;衍射光栅的光栅常数为3μm;每条刻线长度为5μm;刻写功率为3μm;每列衍射光栅由5×5共25条刻线组成;每列衍射光栅的间隔为15μm;每组衍射光栅包括12列;两组衍射光栅的间隔为1720μm。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明采用价格低廉的单模光纤。
2、本发明利用精准,高效,“冷加工”的飞秒激光微加工技术在单模光纤中刻写衍射光栅。
3、多列衍射光栅对衍射光强具有良好的加强作用,使其能够与零级衍射光强相当。
4、在折射率测量方面有着优异的特性,具有极高的灵敏度。
5、由于制造时,只是在单模光纤纤芯刻写,因此对光纤本身的结构强度影响极低。
6、利用衍射光栅的分光原理,有效地将纤芯内的光导入到包层,并且到达光纤表面,与外界有较大的接触面积,可以大大提高环境变量测量的灵敏度。
附图说明
为了更直观的展现本发明实施例或技术方案,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为本发明单列衍射光栅的结构示意图。
图2为本发明单列衍射光栅的截面图示意图。
图3为本发明单列衍射光栅的衍射图案。
图4为本发明多列衍射光栅的结构示意图。
图5为本发明多列衍射光栅的衍射图案。
图6为本发明一对衍射光栅的结构示意图。
图7为本发明的实施应用系统示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施实例对本发明作进一步描述:
首先是结构,图1描述单列衍射光栅在单模光纤中对纤芯中光的作用,由于有限的光栅常数,对1550nm的光来说只需考虑正负一级衍射光即可,由图1可知,入射光经过光栅后光被分为三束。图2是单列衍射光栅的截面图。结合图1我们可以较为完整的看出衍射光栅在单模光纤中的位置。图3是波长为1550nm的光通过单列衍射光栅后的衍射图样,衍射图由CCD近红外相机(spiricon 907-1550)拍摄得到。从图3可以看出单列衍射光栅对1550nm波长的光分光能力并不强,原因有二,一是在单模光纤中,刻线对折射率的改变量过小;另一个原因是即使改变足够的折射率但被刻写区域仍然是可通光的,对比平面衍射光栅,是由不透光和透光的两部分组成,因此其分光能力大大削弱。因此,我们选择了,增加衍射光栅列数的方法来增强衍射光。通过多列衍射光的叠加,能够增强一阶衍射光强度。
图4显示了12列衍射光栅的示意图。列间隔为15μm,保证了经过第一列衍射光栅的衍射光不会接触到第二列衍射光栅,从而12列衍射光栅的叠加能够大大增强一阶衍射光强度。图5是1550nm的光经过12列衍射光栅的衍射图。从图中我们可以看出正1级的衍射光,拥有和零级衍射光近似的强度,由此我们得到了一束加强的衍射光。这为接下来的传感应用以及其他应用打下了良好的基础。
图6是传感结构的示意图,左侧的衍射光栅组将纤芯内的光分成两束,一束继续在纤芯传播,一束进入包层。在传播一定的距离(L)后,由光路可逆原理知衍射光会在第二组衍射光栅的作用下重新进入到纤芯中。这就是传感结构的干涉原理和衍射光的光路。本发明的实施应用系统示意图如图7所示,这是衍射光栅在传感器方面的应用。衍射光栅刻写在单模光纤纤芯里,结构两端的单模光纤分别连接宽带光源(BBS)和光谱仪(OSA)。测量时,光从宽带光源发出,经过传感结构,到达光谱仪。光谱仪能够分析出纤芯模式的光与包层内光干涉后形成的光谱。当外界折射率发生改变时,单模光纤包层和纤芯折射率会发生不同数值的变化,因此两束光的光程差发生变化,从而干涉波谷漂移,达到检测环境折射率变化的目的。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,应被理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列,包括纤芯和包层,其特征在于,在纤芯内刻写有衍射光栅,所述衍射光栅阵列位于纤芯正中央;所述衍射光栅由折射率沿光纤轴向和垂直于轴向周期性变化的结构组成;所述衍射光栅由多个周期相同的二维衍射光栅阵列组成衍射光栅阵列组使用,或者组成衍射光栅阵列对使用;所述衍射光栅由飞秒激光微加工技术完成。
2.根据权利要求1所述光纤内衍射光栅阵列,其特征在于:光纤为标准单模光纤。
3.根据权利要求1所述光纤内衍射光栅阵列,其特征在于:所述衍射光栅组包括12列衍射光栅阵列,其光栅常数为3μm,衍射光栅的长度为5μm。
4.根据权利要求3所述光纤内衍射光栅阵列,其特征在于:3μw的刻写功率和2μm/s的刻写速度。
5.一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列的制作方法,用于制作如权利要求1至4任一项所述光纤内衍射光栅阵列,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将去掉涂覆层的单模光纤固定在飞秒激光三维加工平台上,并将平台调至水平;
步骤二:用适合100倍镜的折射率匹配液浸没去掉涂覆层的部分;
步骤三:按照设置好的程序刻写要求的衍射光栅阵列。
CN202110765234.5A 2021-07-07 2021-07-07 一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列及其制作方法 Active CN113777695B (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110765234.5A CN113777695B (zh) 2021-07-07 2021-07-07 一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列及其制作方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110765234.5A CN113777695B (zh) 2021-07-07 2021-07-07 一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列及其制作方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113777695A CN113777695A (zh) 2021-12-10
CN113777695B true CN113777695B (zh) 2024-02-09

Family

ID=78835904

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110765234.5A Active CN113777695B (zh) 2021-07-07 2021-07-07 一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列及其制作方法

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113777695B (zh)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2494133A1 (en) * 2002-08-02 2004-02-12 Oz Optics Limited Microstructuring optical wave guide devices with femtosecond optical pulses
CN105652364A (zh) * 2016-03-01 2016-06-08 深圳大学 并行集成的光纤布拉格光栅及其制作方法、制作装置
CN111781672A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-16 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种二维单芯光纤光栅及其刻写方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1866682A1 (en) * 2005-03-25 2007-12-19 Pirelli & C. S.P.A. Optical device comprising an apodized bragg grating and method to apodize a bragg grating
WO2013080522A1 (ja) * 2011-11-29 2013-06-06 パナソニック株式会社 光取り込みシートおよびロッド、ならびに、それらを用いた受光装置および発光装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2494133A1 (en) * 2002-08-02 2004-02-12 Oz Optics Limited Microstructuring optical wave guide devices with femtosecond optical pulses
CN105652364A (zh) * 2016-03-01 2016-06-08 深圳大学 并行集成的光纤布拉格光栅及其制作方法、制作装置
CN111781672A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-16 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种二维单芯光纤光栅及其刻写方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Femtosecond laser filaments for rapid and flexible writing of fiber Bragg grating;Erden Ertorer.et.al;Optics Express;第26卷(第7期);全文 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113777695A (zh) 2021-12-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Wolf et al. Arrays of fiber Bragg gratings selectively inscribed in different cores of 7-core spun optical fiber by IR femtosecond laser pulses
US7137299B2 (en) Fiber optic accelerometer
US10162107B2 (en) Multicore optical fiber for multipoint distributed sensing and probing
CN106546274A (zh) 细芯光纤布拉格光栅温度和应变传感器及其检测方法
CA2240903A1 (en) Multi-path interference filter
CN111487000B (zh) 一种基于微纳多芯特种光纤的矢量应力计
Theodosiou et al. All-in-fiber cladding interferometric and Bragg grating components made via plane-by-plane femtosecond laser inscription
US6317265B1 (en) Multi-path interference filter
CN102539013A (zh) 基于标尺效应的级联光纤f-p微腔温度传感器及其制备方法
CN111552023B (zh) 基于半圆相位补偿板的异形芯光纤光栅制备系统及方法
CN102830464A (zh) 一种基于单模-多模光纤光栅的双重滤波微结构分束器
CN110441259B (zh) 一种瓣状光纤光栅折射率传感器及其传感方法
Bao et al. Sensing characteristics for a fiber Bragg grating inscribed over a fiber core and cladding
Yang et al. Dual-FBG and FP cavity compound optical fiber sensor for simultaneous measurement of bending, temperature and strain
CN113777695B (zh) 一种光纤内衍射光栅阵列及其制作方法
CN106524935A (zh) 一种熔接长周期光纤光栅的双程mz结构测量应变的方法
CN102620679A (zh) 一种光纤布拉格光栅矢量弯曲传感器及其制备方法
US10408995B1 (en) Optical sensing fiber
GB2388670A (en) Coupling multicore optic fibre cores to one single core optic fibre
CN210141872U (zh) 一种基于空芯光纤和fbg的光纤温度和折射率传感器
CN111256739A (zh) 一种基于全纤芯mzi与fbg结合的光纤传感器其及制作方法
CN201434918Y (zh) 一种光纤光栅器件
CN107884871B (zh) 可见光波段光纤光栅的刻写装置
CN115307567A (zh) 一种基于多芯光纤拉锥的曲率传感器及其制备方法
CN206161892U (zh) 基于无芯光纤的光纤布拉格光栅

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant