CN113777118B - Soil aggregate normal position is surveyd and is gathered and screening plant - Google Patents
Soil aggregate normal position is surveyd and is gathered and screening plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN113777118B CN113777118B CN202111003700.2A CN202111003700A CN113777118B CN 113777118 B CN113777118 B CN 113777118B CN 202111003700 A CN202111003700 A CN 202111003700A CN 113777118 B CN113777118 B CN 113777118B
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/42—Drive mechanisms, regulating or controlling devices, or balancing devices, specially adapted for screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
- B07B1/4663—Multi-layer screening surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0272—Investigating particle size or size distribution with screening; with classification by filtering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B2201/00—Details applicable to machines for screening using sieves or gratings
- B07B2201/04—Multiple deck screening devices comprising one or more superimposed screens
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil aggregate in-situ observation collecting and screening device, which comprises an in-situ observation collecting device and a screening device, wherein the in-situ observation collecting device comprises a first soil aggregate collecting device and a second soil aggregate collecting device; the in-situ observation acquisition device comprises a box body, a top cover, an observation interlayer, a soil CT scanning probe in the observation interlayer and a soil sample acquisition mechanism; the screening device comprises an outer barrel, an inner barrel, a vibrating device, a sleeve screen, a weighing sensor and a drying device, wherein the side wall of the inner barrel is provided with a through hole, and the bottom of a circulation cavity between the outer barrel and the inner barrel is communicated with a water supply pipeline and a drainage pipeline; the top of the inner barrel is provided with a high-pressure cleaning spray head. The soil sample collection system can carry out in-situ observation on soil aggregates to obtain real characteristics of soil, and directly carry out soil sample collection after observation, and the original real structure of the soil sample can be kept to the maximum extent in the collection process, so that the subsequent observation in a laboratory stage is facilitated; the screening device can be used for dry screening and wet screening, simplifies the structure of a screening instrument, improves the screening efficiency and convenience, and facilitates the soil characteristic analysis work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil characteristic exploration, in particular to a soil aggregate in-situ observation acquisition and screening device.
Background
The soil aggregate has great influence on soil structure, nutrients, water and plant growth conditions, and has extremely important scientific significance in the detection of internal structural characteristics.
The existing soil aggregate observation method generally comprises the step of observing after collecting a soil sample, and has the problems that in the process of sampling and transferring a sample, soil is easy to deform and even change in microstructure, and real soil characteristics cannot be obtained.
In addition, the common grouping method of the soil aggregate comprises a dry screening method and a wet screening method, wherein the two methods have different requirements, for example, dry screening equipment needs to be provided with a drying device or an air drying device, wet screening equipment needs to provide a soaking condition, each wet screening equipment needs to be provided with a set of test equipment, and each wet screening equipment is independently used for screening. In view of the above, the method has the problems of multiple required instruments, complicated steps, low analysis efficiency, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the soil aggregate in-situ observation collecting and screening device which can carry out in-situ observation on the soil aggregate in a sample plot to obtain the real characteristics of soil and directly carry out soil sample collection after observation, the original real structure of the soil sample can be maintained to the maximum extent in the collection process, and the subsequent observation in a laboratory stage is facilitated; the screening device can be used for dry screening and wet screening, simplifies the structure of a screening instrument, improves the screening efficiency and convenience, and facilitates the soil characteristic analysis work.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a soil aggregate in-situ observation acquisition and screening device structurally comprises an in-situ observation acquisition device and a screening device;
the in-situ observation and collection device comprises a box body, wherein the box body is a cylindrical structure which is enclosed by continuous side walls and is provided with openings at the upper end and the lower end, the upper end of the box body is movably connected with a top cover, an observation interlayer is arranged in the side wall of the box body, a soil CT scanning probe which is controlled by an adjusting frame and moves in two dimensions of horizontal and vertical in the observation interlayer is arranged in the observation interlayer, the inner side and the outer side of the observation interlayer are respectively a transparent wall and an opaque wall, and the box body is also provided with a soil sample collection mechanism for plugging the bottom of the box body;
the screening device comprises an outer barrel and an inner barrel, the lower end of the outer barrel is closed, the upper end of the outer barrel is opened, the inner barrel is sleeved inside the outer barrel, and a vibrating device is connected below the outer barrel; a sleeve sieve is arranged in the inner barrel and comprises a plurality of layers of sieves, the aperture of each sieve is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, the inner wall of the inner barrel is provided with an annular groove corresponding to each layer of sieve, at least three groups of weighing sensors are uniformly distributed in each annular groove, each weighing sensor is connected with a buffer device, and the sieves are fixedly connected onto the buffer device; the side wall of the inner barrel is provided with a through hole, a circulation cavity is arranged between the outer barrel and the inner barrel, the bottom of the circulation cavity is communicated with a water supply pipeline and a drainage pipeline, the outer wall of the outer barrel is provided with a drying device, the air outlet of the drying device is communicated with the circulation cavity, and the air outlet is obliquely downward and is provided with a control valve; the top of the inner barrel is provided with a high-pressure cleaning spray head.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the adjusting bracket comprises two longitudinal screws longitudinally arranged in the observation interlayer, the longitudinal screws are in threaded connection with longitudinal sliding blocks, a transverse screw and a stabilizing rod are transversely arranged between the two longitudinal sliding blocks, the stabilizing rod is a polished rod, the soil CT scanning probe is arranged on the transverse screw and the stabilizing rod through the transverse sliding block, the transverse screw and the stabilizing rod penetrate through the transverse sliding block, and the transverse screw is in threaded connection with the transverse sliding block and is in transmission; and the soil CT scanning probe transmits an observation image through the image information transmitting device.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the cross section of the box body is rectangular, the thickness of the side wall of the box body is gradually reduced from top to bottom, the inner surface of the side wall of the box body is a vertical plane, and the outer surface of the side wall of the box body is an outer convex arc-shaped surface and is gradually contracted from top to bottom; soil sample side acquisition mechanism is including setting up the sampling intermediate layer that just is located the observation intermediate layer outside in two relative lateral walls of box, the level sets up the spool in the sampling intermediate layer, a haulage rope is respectively twined at the both ends of spool, the free end of two sets of haulage ropes all is connected to same piece iron sheet, offer the guide slot that is used for guiding iron sheet slip orbit with two lateral wall internal surfaces of spool vertically, the guide slot communicates with the interbedded bottom of sampling, the haulage rope is corresponding with the position of guide slot, the interbedded bottom of sampling inwards extends and forms the seam of crossing, the sampling intermediate layer sets up the steering spindle with the interior angle of crossing the corner of seam.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the hauling cable is a steel wire.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the box body is cuboid, the outer wall of the box body is provided with a soil cleaning device for cleaning soil in the outer area of the box body, the soil sample collection mechanism comprises insertion slits formed in two opposite side walls of the box body, sliding grooves formed in the box body and perpendicular to the inner surfaces of the side walls of the insertion slits, and insertion plates penetrating through the two insertion slits and the sliding grooves, pull rings are mounted on the edges of the insertion plates, and the insertion slits and the sliding grooves are the same in height and are located on the same plane.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the soil cleaning device comprises a square frame matched with the outer wall of a box body, the square frame is formed by enclosing 4 square flat plates, a screw hole is transversely formed in the square frame, a puller bolt is arranged in the screw hole, an anti-slip pad is arranged at the inner end of the puller bolt, L-shaped brackets are arranged at four corners of the square frame, an included angle between every two adjacent brackets is a right angle, the outer end of each bracket is connected with a roller through a bearing, driving teeth are arranged on the outer surface of the part of the roller except the bearing, chains are sequentially wound on the outer sides of the 4 rollers and are tensioned and driven by the 4 rollers, a cutter is arranged on the outer side of each chain, the cutter is gradually thinned from the root to the tip, and a soil carrying cavity is formed in the middle of the cutter; a driving motor is arranged in the middle of the square frame, a driving gear is arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor, and the driving gear is synchronously meshed with driving teeth of the 4 rolling shafts for transmission; the width of the chain is more than or equal to the length of the inserting plate.
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, the buffer device is a rubber pad or a spring.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the screen set comprises 9 layers of screens, and the aperture of each of the 9 layers of screens is 10mm, 7mm, 5mm, 3mm, 2mm, 1mm, 0.5mm, 0.25mm and 0mm from top to bottom in sequence.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vibration device is a vibration motor.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the top cover is movably connected with the box body through at least two buckles.
Advantageous effects
1. The soil aggregate in-situ observation device can carry out in-situ observation on soil aggregates in a sample plot to obtain the real characteristics of soil, and the adjusting frame can control the soil CT scanning probe to move in two dimensions, namely the longitudinal dimension and the transverse dimension, so as to observe the soil aggregate microstructures at different positions; by observing the interlayer, the flatness of the inner wall of the box body can be ensured, and the pollution of soil to the soil CT scanning probe is avoided; the image obtained by the soil CT scanning probe is transmitted by the image information transmitting device;
2. after the in-situ observation work is finished, the soil sample is directly collected through the soil sample collection mechanism, the original real structure of the soil sample can be kept to the maximum extent in the collection process, and the subsequent observation in a laboratory stage is facilitated;
3. the top cover can be quickly assembled and disassembled, plays a role in shading light during observation, is opened after a sample is collected, and is convenient to take out the sample;
4. the screening device can screen soil aggregates with different diameter levels by adopting a proper method according to needs, the soil aggregates with different diameter levels are respectively weighed, and after the screening experiment is finished, the screening device is cleaned through the high-pressure cleaning spray head to prepare for the next experiment in time; the screening device can be used for dry screening and wet screening, simplifies the structure of a screening instrument, improves the screening efficiency and convenience, and provides convenience for soil characteristic analysis work.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an in-situ observation acquisition device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a soil sample collection mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a screening device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing the connection relationship between the sieve and the inner tub in the sieving apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a second in-situ observation and collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention after the collection operation is completed;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second in-situ observation and collection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention after the collection operation is completed;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a second in situ observation and collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention inserted into soil with the soil removal device;
FIG. 8 is a front view of one side of a second soil removing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a front view of a second soil removing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, with the drive gear removed.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a cutter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a box body; 2. a top cover; 3. observing the interlayer; 4. a soil CT scanning probe; 5. a transparent wall; 6. an opaque wall; 7. a longitudinal lead screw; 8. a longitudinal slide block; 9. a transverse lead screw; 10. a stabilizer bar; 11. buckling; 12. a transverse slide block; 13. sampling the interlayer; 14. a reel; 15. a hauling rope; 16. iron sheet; 17. a guide groove; 18. sewing; 19. a steering shaft; 20. cleaning the spray head under high pressure; 21. an outer tub; 22. an inner barrel; 23. a vibrating device; 24. sieving; 25. an annular groove; 26. a weighing sensor; 27. a buffer device; 28. a through hole; 29. a flow-through chamber; 30. a water supply pipe; 31. a water drainage pipeline; 32. a drying device; 33. inserting a seam; 34. a chute; 35. inserting plates; 36. a pull ring; 37. a square frame; 38. jacking the bolt; 39. a support; 40; a bearing; 41; a roller; 42. a drive tooth; 43 chains; 44. a cutter; 45. a soil carrying cavity; 46; a drive motor; 47. an output shaft; 48. the gears are driven.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-9, the structure of the present invention includes an in-situ observation and collection device and a screening device;
the in-situ observation and collection device comprises a box body 1, wherein the box body 1 is a cylindrical structure which is enclosed by continuous side walls and is provided with openings at the upper end and the lower end, the upper end of the box body 1 is movably connected with a top cover 2, an observation interlayer 3 is arranged in the side wall of the box body 1, a soil CT scanning probe 4 which is controlled by an adjusting frame and moves in two dimensions of horizontal and vertical in the observation interlayer 3 is arranged in the observation interlayer 3, the inner side and the outer side of the observation interlayer 3 are respectively a transparent wall 5 and an opaque wall 6, and the box body 1 is also provided with a soil sample square collection mechanism for plugging the bottom of the box body 1; the side wall of the box body 1 is inserted into soil, the top cover 2 is buckled, a visible light-free space is formed in the box body 1, a soil CT scanning probe 4 obtains soil aggregate image information through a transparent wall 5 on the inner side of an observation interlayer 3, and an opaque wall 6 on the outer side of the observation interlayer 3 can prevent visible light from entering the box body 1; the adjusting frame can adjust the position of the soil CT scanning probe 4, so that images of soil at different positions can be conveniently obtained, and real soil characteristics can be obtained through in-situ observation; after the in-situ observation work is finished, the soil sample collection mechanism plugs the bottom of the box body 1 to quickly collect the soil in the box body 1, so that the subsequent observation and screening are facilitated.
The screening device comprises an outer barrel 21 and an inner barrel 22, the lower end of the outer barrel 21 is closed, the upper end of the outer barrel 22 is opened, the inner barrel 22 is sleeved inside the outer barrel 21, and a vibrating device 23 is connected below the outer barrel 21; a sleeve sieve is arranged in the inner barrel 22 and comprises a plurality of layers of sieves 24, the aperture of each sieve 24 is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, the inner wall of the inner barrel 22 is provided with an annular groove 25 corresponding to each layer of sieve 24, at least three groups of weighing sensors 26 are uniformly distributed in each annular groove 25, each weighing sensor 26 is connected with a buffer device 27, and each sieve 24 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the buffer device 27; the side wall of the inner barrel 22 is provided with a through hole 28, a circulation cavity 29 is arranged between the outer barrel 21 and the inner barrel 22, the bottom of the circulation cavity 29 is communicated with a water supply pipeline 30 and a drainage pipeline 31, the outer wall of the outer barrel 21 is provided with a drying device 33, the air outlet of the drying device 33 is communicated with the circulation cavity 29, and the air outlet is obliquely downward and is provided with a control valve; the top of the inner barrel 22 is provided with a high pressure cleaning nozzle 20. Putting the soil sample on the highest layer of sieve 24, if a dry sieving method is adopted, firstly opening a drying device 33, allowing dry hot air to enter the inner barrel 22 from the circulation cavity 29 and the through hole 28, drying the soil sample, and starting a vibration device 23 to start dry sieving; if the wet sieving method is adopted, the water supply pipeline 30 is opened, the drainage pipeline 31 is closed, water is injected into the circulation cavity 29 through the water supply pipeline 30, water enters the inner barrel from the through hole 28 until the sleeve sieve and the soil sample on the sleeve sieve are completely immersed, the vibrating device 23 is started, the wet sieving can be started, the water injection starts from the bottom, the water surface gradually rises, the washing and disturbance of water flow to soil aggregate are avoided, and the original state of the soil is kept before the vibration sieving. After the screening is completed, the soil weight on each layer of screen 24 is measured by the weighing sensor 26, the proportion of soil aggregates of each diameter grade can be rapidly obtained, and the buffer device 27 can protect the weighing sensor 26 and prevent the weighing sensor from being damaged by the impact of the screen 24 in the vibration process. After the screening is completed, the high pressure cleaning spray head 20 can quickly clean the screening device for the next use. The buffer device 27 is a rubber pad or a spring. The vibration device 23 is a vibration motor.
The adjusting frame comprises two longitudinal screws 7 longitudinally arranged in the observation interlayer 3, longitudinal sliding blocks 8 are connected on the longitudinal screws 7 in a threaded manner, a transverse screw 9 and a stabilizer bar 10 are transversely arranged between the two longitudinal sliding blocks 8, the stabilizer bar 10 is a polished rod, the soil CT scanning probe 4 is arranged on the transverse screw 9 and the stabilizer bar 10 through a transverse sliding block 12, the transverse screw 9 and the stabilizer bar 10 penetrate through the transverse sliding block 12, and the transverse screw 9 is in threaded connection with the transverse sliding block 12 and is in transmission; the soil CT scanning probe 4 transmits an observation image through an image information transmitting device. When the longitudinal screw 7 rotates, the longitudinal slide block 8 is controlled to move up and down, and then the transverse screw 9, the stabilizer bar 10, the transverse slide block 12 and the soil CT scanning probe 4 are driven to move up and down, when the transverse screw 9 rotates, the transverse slide block 12 is driven to move horizontally, and then the soil CT scanning probe 4 is driven to move horizontally, and the stabilizer bar 10 plays a role in stabilizing the transverse slide block 12, so that the soil CT scanning probe 4 can move stably.
The sleeve sieve comprises 9 layers of sieves 24, and the aperture of each 9 layers of sieves 24 is 10mm, 7mm, 5mm, 3mm, 2mm, 1mm, 0.5mm, 0.25mm and 0mm from top to bottom in sequence. The aperture of the sieve 24 is gradually reduced, and the soil sample is divided into different aperture stages.
The top cover 2 is movably connected with the box body 1 through two buckles 11.
Secondly, referring to the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2 separately, the cross section of the box body 1 of the present embodiment is rectangular, the thickness of the side wall of the box body 1 gradually decreases from top to bottom, the inner surface of the side wall of the box body 1 is a vertical plane, and the outer surface of the side wall of the box body 1 is an outward convex arc surface and gradually shrinks from top to bottom; soil sample side acquisition mechanism is including setting up in 1 two relative lateral walls of box and being located the sampling intermediate layer 13 in observing the 3 outsides of intermediate layer, sampling intermediate layer 13 internal level sets up spool 14, a haulage rope 15 of respectively twining in the both ends of spool 14, the free end of two sets of haulage ropes 15 all is connected to same iron sheet 16, offer the guide slot 17 that is used for guiding iron sheet 16 slip orbit with two lateral wall internal surfaces of spool 14 vertically, guide slot 17 and sampling intermediate layer 13's bottom intercommunication, haulage rope 15 is corresponding with guide slot 17's position, the bottom of sampling intermediate layer 13 inwards extends and forms seam 18, sampling intermediate layer 13 sets up steering shaft 19 with the interior angle of crossing seam 18's corner. The hauling cable 15 is a steel wire. The lower part of the side wall of the box body 1 is thin, so that soil can be conveniently inserted into the box body, and in the soil inserting process, the iron sheet 16 is positioned in the interlayer 13 to make room for the soil to enter the box body 1; when needing to gather the soil sample in the box 1, rotate through manual or electric drive spool 14, spool 14 drives haulage rope 15, haulage rope 15 stimulates iron sheet 16, makes iron sheet 16 follow sampling intermediate layer 13 lapse, continues to slide to interior after the diversion of steering spindle 19, under the limiting displacement of gap 18 and guide slot 17, until the lower part of complete shutoff box 1, can take out box 1, accomplishes the collection work. The embodiment utilizes the characteristics of the iron sheet 16 that the iron sheet has good tensile resistance, and is easy to bend and does not break. When soil is collected, the purpose of plugging the lower part of the box body 1 can be realized without cleaning the soil around the box body 1.
Finally, referring to the second embodiment shown in fig. 5-9 separately, the box 1 of this embodiment is rectangular, the outer wall of the box 1 is provided with a soil cleaning device for cleaning soil in the area outside the box 1, the soil sample collection mechanism includes two insertion slits 33 formed on two opposite side walls of the box 1, two sliding slots 34 formed on the box 1 and perpendicular to the inner surfaces of the side walls of the insertion slits 33, and an insertion plate 35 penetrating the two insertion slits 33 and the sliding slots 34, the edge of the insertion plate 35 is provided with a pull ring 36, and the insertion slits 33 and the sliding slots 34 have the same height and are located on the same plane. The insertion plate 35 of this embodiment is inserted into the lower portion of the box body 1 from the side through the insertion slit 33 and the sliding groove 34 to realize the function of plugging the soil sample, so that a soil cleaning device is required to clean the soil around the box body to make room for the insertion plate 35.
The soil cleaning device comprises a square frame 37 matched with the outer wall of the box body 1, the square frame 37 is formed by enclosing 4 square flat plates, a screw hole is formed in the square frame 37 in the transverse direction, a puller bolt 38 is arranged in the screw hole in a matched mode, an anti-slip pad is arranged at the inner end of the puller bolt 38, L-shaped supports 39 are arranged at four corners of the square frame 37, the included angle between every two adjacent supports 39 is a right angle, the outer end of each support 39 is connected with a roller 41 through a bearing 40, driving teeth 42 are arranged on the outer surface of the part, except for the bearing 40, of each roller 41, chains 43 are sequentially wound on the outer sides of the 4 rollers 41 and are tensioned and driven by the 4 rollers 41, a cutter 44 is arranged on the outer side of each chain 43, the cutter 44 becomes thinner gradually from the root to the tip, and a soil carrying cavity 45 is arranged in the middle of the cutter 44; a driving motor 47 is arranged in the middle of the frame 37, a driving gear 48 is arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor 47, and the driving gear 48 is synchronously meshed with the driving teeth 42 of the 4 rollers 41 for transmission; the width of the chain 43 is greater than or equal to the length of the insert plate 35. Before the box body 1 is inserted into soil, the soil cleaning device is fixed with the box body 1 through the square frame 37 and the puller bolt 38, the driving motor 47 is started, the driving gear 48, the rolling shaft 41 and the chain 43 are sequentially driven to start rotating, the cutter 44 on the chain 43 cuts the soil, the soil is taken away and thrown away through the soil carrying cavity 45, the soil outside the side wall of the box body 1 is excavated, the box body 1 is more easily inserted into the soil, finally, after the soil outside the side wall of the box body 1 is excavated to a certain depth, the box body 1 also descends to the depth, the puller bolt 38 is loosened, the square frame 37 and the soil cleaning device are detached from the outside of the box body 1, at the moment, the inserting plate 35 can obtain a space for inserting the inserting seam 33 and the sliding groove 34 at the lower part of the box body 1 from the side surface, and the work for plugging the soil in the box body 1 is completed. The chain 43 of this embodiment forms a rectangular transmission track under the tension and drive of the 4 rollers 41, so that the space formed after soil cleaning is a cuboid, which is matched with the plate-shaped inserting plate 35.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a soil aggregate normal position is surveyd and is gathered and screening plant which characterized in that: comprises an in-situ observation acquisition device and a screening device;
the in-situ observation and collection device comprises a box body, wherein the box body is a cylindrical structure which is enclosed by continuous side walls and is provided with openings at the upper end and the lower end, the upper end of the box body is movably connected with a top cover, an observation interlayer is arranged in the side wall of the box body, a soil CT scanning probe which is controlled by an adjusting frame and moves in two dimensions of horizontal and vertical in the observation interlayer is arranged in the observation interlayer, the inner side and the outer side of the observation interlayer are respectively a transparent wall and an opaque wall, and the box body is also provided with a soil sample collection mechanism for plugging the bottom of the box body;
the screening device comprises an outer barrel and an inner barrel, the lower end of the outer barrel is closed, the upper end of the outer barrel is opened, the inner barrel is sleeved inside the outer barrel, and a vibrating device is connected below the outer barrel; a sleeve sieve is arranged in the inner barrel and comprises a plurality of layers of sieves, the aperture of each sieve is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, the inner wall of the inner barrel is provided with an annular groove corresponding to each layer of sieve, at least three groups of weighing sensors are uniformly distributed in each annular groove, each weighing sensor is connected with a buffer device, and the sieves are fixedly connected onto the buffer device; a through hole is arranged on the side wall of the inner barrel, a circulation cavity is arranged between the outer barrel and the inner barrel, the bottom of the circulation cavity is communicated with a water supply pipeline and a drainage pipeline, a drying device is arranged on the outer wall of the outer barrel, an air outlet of the drying device is communicated with the circulation cavity, and the air outlet is obliquely downward and provided with a control valve; the top of the inner barrel is provided with a high-pressure cleaning nozzle;
the box body is cuboid, the outer wall of the box body is provided with a soil cleaning device for cleaning soil in the outer side area of the box body, the soil sample collection mechanism comprises insertion slits formed in two opposite side walls of the box body, sliding chutes formed in the box body and perpendicular to the inner surfaces of the side walls of the insertion slits, and insertion plates penetrating through the two insertion slits and the sliding chutes, pull rings are mounted on the edges of the insertion plates, and the insertion slits and the sliding chutes are the same in height and are located on the same plane;
the cross section of the box body is rectangular, the thickness of the side wall of the box body is gradually reduced from top to bottom, the inner surface of the side wall of the box body is a vertical plane, and the outer surface of the side wall of the box body is an outward convex arc-shaped surface and gradually shrinks from top to bottom; the soil sample collection mechanism comprises sampling interlayers which are arranged in two opposite side walls of the box body and positioned outside the observation interlayer, wherein a scroll is horizontally arranged in each sampling interlayer, two ends of the scroll are respectively wound with a traction rope, the free ends of the two groups of traction ropes are connected to the same iron sheet, guide grooves for guiding sliding tracks of the iron sheets are formed in the inner surfaces of the two side walls vertical to the scroll, the guide grooves are communicated with the bottom end of the sampling interlayer, the traction ropes correspond to the guide grooves in position, the bottom end of the sampling interlayer extends inwards to form a gap, and a steering shaft is arranged at an inner angle at the corner of the sampling interlayer and the gap;
the soil cleaning device comprises a square frame matched with the outer wall of the box body, the square frame is formed by enclosing 4 square flat plates, screw holes are transversely formed in the square frame, puller bolts are arranged in the screw holes in a matched mode, anti-skidding pads are arranged at the inner ends of the puller bolts, L-shaped supports are arranged at four corners of the square frame, included angles of the adjacent supports are right angles, the outer ends of the supports are connected with rolling shafts through bearings, driving teeth are arranged on the outer surfaces of the rolling shafts except for the bearings, chains are sequentially wound on the outer sides of the 4 rolling shafts and are tensioned and driven by the 4 rolling shafts, cutters are arranged on the outer sides of the chains and gradually thin from roots to tips, and soil carrying cavities are formed in the middles of the cutters; a driving motor is arranged in the middle of the square frame, a driving gear is arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor, and the driving gear is synchronously meshed with driving teeth of the 4 rolling shafts for transmission; the width of the chain is more than or equal to the length of the inserting plate.
2. The soil aggregate in-situ observation collection and screening device of claim 1, wherein:
the soil CT scanning probe is arranged on the transverse screw rod and the stabilizing rod through the transverse slide block, the transverse screw rod and the stabilizing rod penetrate through the transverse slide block, and the transverse screw rod is in threaded connection with the transverse slide block and is in transmission; and the soil CT scanning probe transmits an observation image through the image information transmitting device.
3. The soil aggregate in-situ observation collection and screening device of claim 2, wherein: the haulage rope is the steel wire.
4. The soil aggregate in-situ observation collection and screening device of claim 1, wherein: the buffer device is a rubber pad or a spring.
5. The soil aggregate in-situ observation collecting and screening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nested sieve comprises 9 layers of sieves, and the aperture of each of the 9 layers of sieves is 10mm, 7mm, 5mm, 3mm, 2mm, 1mm, 0.5mm, 0.25mm and 0mm from top to bottom in sequence.
6. The soil aggregate in-situ observation collection and screening device of claim 1, wherein: the vibration device is a vibration motor.
7. The soil aggregate in-situ observation collection and screening device of claim 1, wherein: the top cover is movably connected with the box body through at least two buckles.
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