CN113777005A - Intermittent automatic suction seepage test device and method for drainage hole or well - Google Patents
Intermittent automatic suction seepage test device and method for drainage hole or well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intermittent automatic suction seepage test device and method for a hydrophobic hole or well, belonging to the technical field of seepage of a downward hydrophobic pressure-reducing well at the bottom of an aquifer; the test device comprises a sand box seepage system, a water supply circulating system, an automatic suction system, a flow monitoring system, a water pressure monitoring system and a data acquisition system; in the test method, water columns with expected height can be formed in the drainage water pipe by controlling the attractive force of the electromagnetic gravity valve, the rapid drainage of full pipe water columns in the drainage water pipe forms suction negative pressure, the flow of a water-containing layer entering the drainage water pipe can be increased, the drainage water efficiency is improved, when the water flow in the drainage water pipe is small, the electromagnetic gravity valve is closed, the water columns with the expected height are formed again, and the intermittent automatic control rapid suction effect is formed by repeated circulation. The device has the characteristics of simple structure, strong applicability, economy and economy, and can determine the efficient and rapid dewatering and dewatering method and process of the aquifer based on the method and reveal the dewatering, pressure reducing and permeability increasing mechanism at the bottom of the aquifer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drainage well seepage test device, in particular to an intermittent automatic suction seepage test device and method for a drainage hole or a well, and belongs to the technical field of downward drainage pressure-reducing well seepage at the bottom of an aquifer.
Background
The hydrogeological conditions of coal mines in China are complex, and coal mining is seriously threatened by various water sources such as old air (kiln) water, surface water, loose pore water, bedrock fracture karst water and the like. For the exploitation of a deep-buried coal seam, the water-bearing stratum of the coal seam roof is far away from the ground, the hydrostatic pressure borne by the water-bearing stratum of the coal seam roof rises along with the continuous increase of the scale and the depth of coal mining, and the pumping drainage and depressurization of a ground construction borehole have the disadvantages of large drilling depth, long time, high manufacturing cost and the like. Compared with the drainage and depressurization of a water-bearing stratum through a ground construction drainage hole, the drainage and depressurization device has the advantages of low construction difficulty, high drainage efficiency, and more economy and reasonableness. For shallow underground engineering, when drainage and pressure reduction are needed, if the drainage well is difficult to construct due to the limitation of the terrain conditions of the earth surface, the construction drainage hole in the underground space can also improve the engineering benefit.
When the bottom of the aquifer is drained and depressurized, water in the aquifer is converged into the drainage and discharge water pipe through the floral pipe, flows along the drainage and discharge water pipe under the action of self weight and water pressure and is discharged through the pipe bottom valve switch, and can be decomposed into two subsystems, namely the aquifer and the drilling, and the water can be permeated through the floral pipeA flow-pipe flow coupling model. According to the flow Q of the flower pipe converging into the drainage hole of the aquiferSink (C)Capability of and actual drainage water quantity Q of drainage water orifice valveRow boardThe size of the water discharge pipe can form two flow states of full pipe and non-full pipe. The pressure P of the water head in the drainage water pipe is used for draining the water quantity of the water pipe which flows into the drainage water hole from the aquifer
Has obvious influence, and the water amount of the aquifer collected into the flower tube of the drainage hole is equal to 0 when the pressure of the water head in the flower tube of the drainage hole is assumed to be P
When P is present>When 0, the aquifer has better capacity of collecting water into the water discharge floral tube, the collected amount is not fully discharged, and the collected amount is not fully discharged
When P is 0 (atmospheric pressure), the water-discharging flower tube is filled with air, the water-discharging hole is not full tube flow, and there may be a critical state of full tube flow
The full pipe flow of the drainage pipe is just formed,
when P is present<When 0, the lower part of the drainage hole is full of the pipe, negative pressure is formed in the flower pipe of the drainage hole, certain suction effect is achieved, the flow rate of the water-containing layer which is gathered into the flower pipe of the drainage hole is increased,
the inventor has previously conducted research and issued patents on a physical model test related to an aquifer bottom hydrophobic depressurization well, such as an aquifer bottom seepage box seepage test method disclosed in application publication No. CN109959598A published in 2019.07.02 and an aquifer bottom seepage box seepage test model device disclosed in application publication No. CN110057741A published in 2019.07.26. The two invention patents research the relationship between the diameter and the length of a seepage box and the seepage of the drainage water of the aquifer under the condition that the water pressure in the water depressurization well at the bottom of the aquifer is 0; numerical simulation software MIDAD GTS MX is adopted to develop the seepage test research of the seepage box at the bottom of the confined aquifer; the model well simulates the drainage seepage characteristic when the pore water pressure in the seepage box is 0, and the test model of the drainage seepage sand tank at the bottom of the aquifer is obtained.
Based on the two invention patents, the seepage characteristic of the seepage well (hole) formed by the bottom of the water-containing layer upwards is found to be obviously different from that of the seepage well in the traditional meaning in the practical test process, and when P is used, the seepage characteristic is obviously different from that of the seepage well in the traditional meaning<When 0, the lower part of the drainage hole is full of the pipe, negative pressure is formed in the flower pipe of the drainage hole, certain suction effect is achieved, the flow rate of the water-containing layer which is gathered into the flower pipe of the drainage hole is increased,
the situation of (2) is not achievable with the two inventions described above. When the flow velocity of the water flow is small and stable, the fine particles can block the seepage channel of the water-bearing layer which flows into the drainage holes, so that the drainage efficiency is further reduced. If a dynamically changing water pressure can be formed in the drainage water pipe, the seepage flow velocity around the drainage water floral pipe is changed, and the 'vibrating type' suction can well prevent the blockage of the seepage channel, even can expand the seepage channel and increase the seepage velocity. Of course, the formation conditions of the negative pressure are complex and are related to factors such as the thickness of the aquifer, the water pressure, the radius of the seepage hole, the inclination angle and the like, and a special test device needs to be designed to carry out related research.
Therefore, the seepage model of the drainage holes formed by the bottom plate of the aquifer upwards is established, and the method has important significance for researching the seepage characteristics of the drainage water of the underground space inclined drilling holes and improving the efficiency of the drainage water of the aquifer downwards.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the intermittent automatic suction seepage test device and the method for the drainage holes or the wells are used for solving the problem that the permeability coefficient is influenced by the negative pressure phenomenon at the position of a drainage water floral tube at the bottom of a water-containing layer in the drainage process of the existing water-containing layer bottom drainage pressure-reducing well model, changing the water pressure in the water inlet floral tube and intermittently forming a negative pressure to form an intermittent suction effect, on one hand, the blocking of a seepage channel can be prevented, and even the effect of enlarging the drainage water seepage channel is achieved, on the other hand, the negative pressure converged into the floral tube section can form a larger seepage hydraulic gradient around the water inlet floral tube to increase the seepage flow of the water-containing layer, and the drainage efficiency is improved; and can provide theoretical basis of high-efficient drainage for the construction of underground drainage and discharge water and accelerate the construction process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for a drainage hole or a well comprises a sand box seepage system, a water supply circulating system, an automatic suction system, a flow monitoring system, a water pressure monitoring system and a data acquisition system; the sand box seepage system consists of a seepage sand box with a detachable sealing cover, water-proof soft cotton attached to the inner wall of the seepage sand box, a porous seepage steel plate arranged inside the seepage sand box from bottom to top, a lower strong-water-permeable stainless steel wire mesh, a seepage sand body and an upper strong-water-permeable stainless steel wire mesh, wherein a water supply port is arranged on the side wall of the top of the seepage sand box, and a saturated water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the seepage sand box; the automatic suction system is composed of a water inlet pipe arranged in a seepage sand body, and a drainage pipe, a drainage valve, a drainage pipe reducer union and an electromagnetic gravity valve which are sequentially connected through a water inlet pipe reducer union adapter penetrating and connected to the bottom of a seepage sand box; the water supply circulating system consists of a water supply pipeline, a saturated water inlet pipeline and a water return pipeline, wherein the water supply pipeline is connected with a water supply port, the saturated water inlet pipeline is connected with a saturated water inlet, and the water return pipeline is connected with a seepage water collecting barrel; the flow monitoring system comprises a high-precision electronic scale arranged at the lower end of the seepage water collecting barrel, a water supply port flowmeter connected between a water supply port and a water supply pipeline, and a water drain port flowmeter connected to a water drainage pipe above the electromagnetic gravity valve; the water pressure monitoring system comprises a water pressure monitoring sensor bundle and a top water pressure sensor which are arranged on the vertical direction of the side wall of the seepage sand box, a drainage water pipe top water pressure sensor which is arranged on a drainage water pipe, and a sand tank inner pressure guide pipe connected with the water pressure monitoring sensor bundle is embedded in the seepage sand body.
The seepage sand box is a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical sealed transparent box body provided with a detachable sealing cover, and the seepage sand body is a transparent seepage medium; the water-proof soft cotton is adhered to the inner wall of the seepage sand box, and the seepage sand body positioned in the seepage sand box is tightly adhered to the water-proof soft cotton.
The water inlet perforated pipe is a transparent circular pipe with a pipe body fully distributed with permeation holes, the outside of the water inlet perforated pipe is wrapped and connected with a sand-proof stainless steel wire mesh, and a negative pressure area is arranged around the water inlet perforated pipe; the middle part of the water inlet perforated pipe reducing adapter is provided with a well pipe exhaust port; the upper end of the drainage hard pipe is connected with the water inlet floral tube reducing adapter, the lower end of the drainage hard pipe is connected with the drainage plastic pipe through the drainage water pipe reducing adapter, and the lower end of the drainage plastic pipe is connected with the electromagnetic gravity valve through the drainage water pipe reducing adapter.
The outside of the electromagnetic gravity valve is connected with an electromagnetic gravity valve power supply; the upper end of the electromagnetic gravity valve is provided with an electromagnet, and the middle part of the electromagnet is provided with an electromagnetic gravity valve water inlet pipe connected with a drainage water pipe; the inner bottom surface of the electromagnetic gravity valve is upwards fixedly connected with a supporting piston bin, the upper part of the supporting piston bin is connected with a spherical supporting plate in a matching way, the upper end of the spherical supporting plate is fixedly connected with an iron sealing valve, the lower end of the spherical supporting plate is in contact connection with the supporting piston, and the iron sealing valve is tightly attracted to the bottom of the electromagnet; the lower end of the supporting piston is hinged with a gravity lever, and the other end of the gravity lever is connected with a counterweight; an electromagnetic gravity valve water discharge opening communicated with an electromagnetic gravity valve water inlet pipe is arranged between the outer side of the supporting piston bin and the inner wall of the electromagnetic gravity valve, and the lower end of the electromagnetic gravity valve water discharge opening is connected with a seepage water collecting barrel.
The lower half part of the spherical supporting plate is hemispherical, the upper end surface of the upper half part is a horizontal section, and the iron sealing valve is fixedly connected to the horizontal section of the spherical supporting plate; the diameter of the middle part of the spherical supporting plate is matched with the width between the inner walls of the supporting piston bins, and the spherical supporting plate is connected in the supporting piston bins in a sliding manner; the upper end of the electromagnetic gravity valve is also provided with an exhaust hole of the electromagnetic gravity valve.
The water supply pipeline is formed by connecting a pressure stabilizing box between the transit water tank and the water supply port through a pressure stabilizing box water inlet, a pressure stabilizing box water inlet pipe, a pressure stabilizing box water inlet valve and a pressure stabilizing box booster pump and through a pressure stabilizing box water outlet, a water supply port water supply pipe and a water supply port valve; the saturated water inlet pipeline is formed by connecting a saturated water inlet pipe, a saturated water supply pump and a saturated water inlet valve between the transit water tank and the saturated water inlet; the water return pipeline is formed by connecting a transfer water tank water return pipe, a transfer water tank water pump and a transfer water tank water return valve between a transfer water tank and a seepage water collecting barrel.
A pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve is arranged at the upper part of the pressure stabilizing tank, and the pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve is connected with the transfer water tank through a pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve return pipe; the upper part of the detachable sealing cover is provided with a sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve and is connected with a sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow water return pipe, and the other end of the sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow water return pipe is communicated with a pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve water return pipe.
The data acquisition system comprises an image acquisition circuit which is connected with a digital camera through a digital camera acquisition line by a data acquisition computer, and the data acquisition circuit which is respectively connected with the flow monitoring system and the water pressure monitoring system through a data acquisition transmission line, a data acquisition unit and a plurality of data acquisition lines by the data acquisition computer.
A test method of an intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for a hydrophobic hole or well comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling the test device: connecting a sand box seepage system with a water supply circulating system, an automatic suction system, a flow monitoring system, a water pressure monitoring system and a data acquisition system respectively, wherein a saturated water inlet at the bottom of a seepage sand box is connected with a saturated water inlet pipe, and a water supply pipe at a water supply port is connected with a water supply port;
s2, mounting of the drainage water well pipe: connecting a drainage hard pipe, a drainage valve, a water pressure sensor at the top of a drainage water pipe and a water inlet floral tube reducing adapter, then connecting the upper part of a drainage plastic pipe to the upper part and the lower part of the drainage hard pipe, connecting the upper part and the lower part of the drainage plastic pipe with the drainage water pipe reducing adapter, a drainage port flowmeter and an electromagnetic gravity valve, inserting a drainage port of the electromagnetic gravity valve into a seepage water collecting barrel, and placing the seepage water collecting barrel on a high-precision electronic scale; the power supply of the electromagnetic gravity valve is connected with the electromagnetic gravity valve; adjusting the shape of the water-draining plastic pipe to a preset mode and keeping the shape unchanged;
s3, installing a seepage sand box and paving a seepage sand body: firstly, installing and checking water-proof soft cotton stuck on the inner wall of a seepage sand box, sequentially installing a water inlet floral tube reducing adapter, a well pipe exhaust hole, a laying porous permeable steel plate, a lower strong permeable stainless steel wire mesh and a water inlet floral tube at the circle center of the bottom of the seepage sand box after the water-proof soft cotton is confirmed to be intact, filling a permeable sand body, burying a pressure guide tube in a sand tank and connecting with a water pressure monitoring sensor bundle, laying an upper strong permeable stainless steel wire mesh and covering a detachable sealing cover, and installing a sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow valve and keeping an exhaust hole opening of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve;
s4, saturation of penetrating sand bodies: closing a drainage valve, a well pipe exhaust hole and a water supply port valve, opening a saturated water supply pump and a saturated water inlet port valve, allowing water to slowly enter from a water inlet at the bottom of a seepage sand box, gradually filling sand to a preset water level to gradually discharge air in the sand upwards, maintaining an exhaust hole opening of a pressure stabilizing overflow valve of a sealing cover, closing the saturated water inlet port valve when water flows out from an exhaust hole of the pressure stabilizing overflow valve of the sealing cover, closing a power supply of an electromagnetic gravity valve, opening the drainage valve to slowly discharge the water in the seepage sand box to a seepage water collecting barrel, and pumping the water to a transit water tank by a transit water tank water pump; after the water flow in the seepage sand box is discharged, closing the drainage valve, opening the saturated water supply pump and the saturated water inlet valve again to slowly saturate, closing the saturated water inlet valve and opening the drainage valve when the water flows out of the exhaust hole of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve of the sealing cover, repeating the process for more than 5 times to fully saturate and solidify the seepage sand body in the seepage sand box, closing the exhaust hole of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve of the sealing cover after the last saturation is finished, closing the saturated water inlet valve and closing the drainage valve;
s5, seepage pressurization of the penetrated sand body: when the seepage test of the drainage well at the bottom of the pressure-bearing water-containing layer is carried out, the water pressure is required to be increased on the upper part of the seepage sand box, the closing state of the saturated water inlet valve, the drainage valve, the water supply valve, the well casing exhaust hole and the sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow valve exhaust hole is maintained, the pressure-stabilizing numerical value of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve of the pressure-stabilizing box and the sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow valve is set, the pressure-stabilizing box booster pump and the pressure-stabilizing box water inlet valve are opened, when the pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve returns water through the pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve return pipe, the water supply port valve is opened, when the sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve returns water through the sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve return pipe, after the seepage of the infiltrated sand is increased, the set pressure values of a pressure stabilizing box booster pump, a pressure stabilizing box overflow valve and a sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve are maintained, and the pressure stabilizing box booster pump, a pressure stabilizing box overflow valve water return pipe, a sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve water return pipe and a transfer water tank form an independent stable pressurization circulating system;
s6, a test flow monitoring system, a water pressure monitoring system and a data acquisition system: connecting and opening various sensors for monitoring water pressure, a digital camera, a high-precision electronic scale, a water supply port and water discharge port flowmeter, a data collector and a data acquisition computer, checking whether various monitoring devices are normal, carrying out the next step after confirming that the monitoring devices are normal, and monitoring data in real time in the test process;
s7, setting an intermittent suction seepage mode: opening a drainage valve outside the seepage box to enable water in the seepage box to converge into a water inlet floral tube and a drainage tube to seep outwards, keeping the top water supply pressure stable, circularly supplying water by a water supply circulating device, observing whether a plastic drainage tube is full of water flow or not, observing the pressure value of a water pressure sensor at the top of the drainage tube, and judging the weight of a counterweight needing to be balanced on the electromagnetic gravity valve;
s8, pumping water in the seepage water collecting barrel to the transfer water tank: when the tests are finished, closing a pressure stabilizing box water supply pump, a pressure stabilizing box water inlet valve and a water supply valve, and when seepage of a seepage sand box is finished, opening a transfer water tank water pump to suck water in a seepage water collecting tank into a transfer water tank;
s9, replacing the water inlet floral tube: opening the detachable sealing cover, taking out the stainless steel wire mesh with the strong water permeability on the upper part, the permeable sand body and the pressure guide pipe in the sand tank, cleaning the permeable sand body, replacing the water inlet floral pipe, and repeating the steps from S3 to S8;
and S10, finishing each group of tests, and carrying out data sorting and analysis.
In the step S7, when the drainage water plastic pipe is not full pipe flow and the pressure of the water pressure sensor at the top of the drainage water pipe is 0, the magnetic gravity corresponding to the height of the water column required by the experiment is set for the electromagnetic gravity valve, a proper counterweight is added according to the water flow in the drainage water pipe, so that the iron sealing valve of the electromagnetic gravity valve can move towards the electromagnet under the action of the counterweight, when the impact force of water flow is smaller than the upward thrust generated by the counterweight, the iron sealing valve can be tightly combined with the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, the size of the electromagnetic attraction can be set, under the combined action of the counterweight and the electromagnetic attraction, the water column in the drainage water pipe continuously rises, the air pressure at the upper part in the drainage water pipe is increased, and the air is automatically discharged through the air outlet hole of the well pipe, the air outlet hole at the upper part of the well pipe is opened automatically when the air pressure in the one-way air outlet hole pipe is larger than the external air pressure, otherwise, the air is closed, and the external air cannot enter; when the gravity generated by the height of the water column in the drainage water pipe is greater than the sum of the upward lifting force formed by the electromagnetic gravity valve and the counterweight, the iron sealing valve is opened downwards, once the iron sealing valve leaves the electromagnet, the electromagnetic gravity disappears, the water flow in the drainage water pipe rapidly flows downwards to form negative pressure above the iron sealing valve, at the moment, the well pipe exhaust hole is closed, negative pressure is formed around the water inlet perforated pipe, and the water flow in the water inlet perforated pipe is increased by the permeable sand body; when water flow entering the water inlet floral tube is not enough to meet the full-tube flow state in the drainage water tube, non-full-tube flow is formed in the drainage water tube again, when the flow is small, the electromagnetic gravity valve moves towards the electromagnet again under the action of the counterweight and is combined, a certain full-tube water column is formed in the drainage water tube again, after the height of the water column reaches a certain degree, the iron sealing valve is separated from the electromagnet to form full-tube flow, and the intermittent full-tube suction seepage phenomenon can be formed through repeated operation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the test device solves the problem that the position of a water discharge perforated pipe at the bottom of the aquifer affects the permeability coefficient due to the negative pressure phenomenon in the water discharge process of the existing aquifer bottom water discharge pressure reduction well model, and forms a gap type suction effect by changing the water pressure in the water inlet perforated pipe and intermittently forming a negative pressure, so that on one hand, the blockage of a seepage channel can be prevented, and even the effect of expanding a water discharge seepage channel is achieved, on the other hand, the negative pressure converged into the perforated pipe section can form a larger seepage hydraulic gradient around the water inlet perforated pipe to increase the seepage flow of the aquifer, and the water discharge efficiency is improved; and can provide theoretical basis of high-efficient drainage for the construction of underground drainage and discharge water and accelerate the construction process.
2) In the test method, in the process of draining water, the water-containing layer bottom seepage box reveals that the water-containing layer bottom hydrophobic depressurization well forms negative pressure suction dynamic seepage characteristics, including negative pressure dynamic suction phenomena such as cavitation, flow increase, water plug flow and wall flow, and the duration relation among the phenomena; the process is beneficial to rapid hydrophobic decompression, and has certain effect of increasing the permeability coefficient of the aquifer in the local range at the bottom of the aquifer; the fastest dewatering principle and construction process of the aquifer can be determined through tests, a more efficient drainage mode is provided, and the project progress is accelerated.
3) In the test method, the suction and seepage rule of the inclined hydrophobic depressurization well at the bottom of the water-containing layer can be obtained, the discharge efficiency of seepage water under different factors is analyzed, a relevant index system is made, a basis is provided for risk management of seepage water, and the discharge efficiency of the seepage water is accelerated; the research results can accelerate the drainage of the engineering, greatly reduce the mechanical drainage cost and simultaneously facilitate the solution of the problem of urban drainage and flood control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a single-hole drainage water seepage model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the suction seepage test apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the electromagnetic gravity valve in fig. 2.
In the figure, 1-a seepage sand box, 2-a detachable sealing cover, 3-a top water pressure sensor, 4-a sand tank internal pressure guide pipe, 5-a water pressure monitoring sensor bundle, 6-a negative pressure area, 7-a digital camera, 8-a digital camera acquisition line, 9-a data acquisition computer, 10-a well pipe exhaust hole, 11-a water inlet floral tube reducing adapter, 12-a saturated water inlet, 13-a porous permeable steel plate, 14-a lower strong permeable stainless steel wire mesh, 15-a water inlet floral tube, 16-a permeable sand body, 17-a water-proof soft cotton, 18-an upper strong permeable stainless steel wire mesh, 19-a sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve, 20-a sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow return pipe, 21-a water supply port, 22-a water supply port water supply pipe and 23-a water supply port flowmeter, 24-water supply port valve, 25-pressure stabilizing tank water outlet, 26-pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve, 27-pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve return pipe, 28-pressure stabilizing tank, 29-pressure stabilizing tank water inlet, 30-pressure stabilizing tank water inlet valve, 31-pressure stabilizing tank booster pump, 32-pressure stabilizing tank water inlet pipe, 33-transit water tank, 34-saturated water supply pump, 35-saturated water inlet valve, 36-saturated water inlet pipe, 37-transit water tank water pump, 38-transit water tank return pipe, 39-transit water tank return valve, 40-high precision electronic scale, 41-seepage water collecting barrel, 42-electromagnetic gravity valve, 43-electromagnetic gravity valve power supply, 44-water outlet flow meter, 45-drainage water pipe reducing joint, 46-drainage water plastic pipe, 47-drainage water hard pipe, 48-a drainage water valve, 49-a water pressure sensor at the top of the drainage water pipe, 50-a data acquisition unit, 51-a data acquisition transmission line and 52-a data acquisition line; 401-an electromagnetic gravity valve water inlet pipe, 402-an electromagnet, 403-an iron sealing valve, 404-a spherical supporting plate, 405-a supporting piston, 406-a supporting piston bin, 407-a gravity lever, 408-a counterweight, 409-an electromagnetic gravity valve water outlet and 410-an electromagnetic gravity valve exhaust hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, in the model of single-hole drainage water seepage in FIG. 1, s is the water level decrease, lwThe length of the water drainage hole (well) pipe entering the aquifer, M is the thickness of the aquifer, H0Is the initial water level, /)0Drilling length before water drainage holes (wells) enter a water-bearing stratum, P is water pressure of pore spaces in the water drainage perforated pipes,
the water quantity which is converged into the flower tube of the drainage hole (well) when the pressure of the water head in the flower tube is P, QRow boardThe water amount discharged by the valve is controlled,
example (b): the invention provides an intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for a drainage hole or a well, which comprises a sand box seepage system, a water supply circulating system, an automatic suction system, a flow monitoring system, a water pressure monitoring system and a data acquisition system, wherein the sand box seepage system is connected with the water supply circulating system through a pipeline; the sand box seepage system consists of a seepage sand box 1 provided with a detachable sealing cover 2, a water-proof soft cotton 17 attached to the inner wall of the seepage sand box 1, a porous seepage steel plate 13 laid inside the seepage sand box 1 from bottom to top, a lower strong water-permeable stainless steel wire mesh 14, a seepage sand body 16 and an upper strong water-permeable stainless steel wire mesh 18; the automatic pumping system is composed of a water inlet floral tube 15 arranged in a permeable sand body 16, and a water drainage pipe, a water drainage valve 48, a water drainage pipe reducer union 45 and an electromagnetic gravity valve 42 which are sequentially connected through a water inlet floral tube reducer adapter 11 which is connected to the bottom of a permeable sand box 1 in a penetrating way; the water supply circulating system consists of a water supply pipeline connected with the water supply port 21, a saturated water inlet pipeline connected with the saturated water inlet 12 and a water return pipeline connected with the seepage water collecting barrel 41 which are respectively connected with the transfer water tank 33; the flow monitoring system comprises a high-precision electronic scale 40 arranged at the lower end of the seepage water collecting barrel 41, a water supply port flowmeter 23 connected between the water supply port 21 and a water supply pipeline, and a water discharge port flowmeter 44 connected on a water discharge pipe above the electromagnetic gravity valve 42, so that a double-flow testing system is formed, and high-precision continuous monitoring of full pipe flow and non-full pipe flow can be realized; the water pressure monitoring system comprises a plurality of water pressure monitoring sensor bundles 5 and a top water pressure sensor 3 which are arranged on the vertical direction of the side wall of the seepage sand box 1, a drainage water pipe top water pressure sensor 49 which is arranged on a drainage water pipe, and a pressure guide pipe 4 which is arranged in a sand tank and connected with the water pressure monitoring sensor bundles 5 and is used for testing the water pressure change of the seepage sand body 15 from different positions of the water inlet floral tube 15.
The selection precision of the high-precision electronic scale 40 is 0.01g, the flow selection ranges of the water supply opening flowmeter 23 and the water discharge opening flowmeter 44 are both 0.1-30 m3/h, and the precision is 5 per mill.
The seepage sand box 1 is a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical sealed transparent box body provided with a detachable sealing cover 2, the seepage sand body 16 is a transparent seepage medium, cracks, dissolved gaps or mining fracture rock masses and the like can be arranged in the seepage sand box to form different types of seepage media, and related tests are carried out to test the seepage characteristics of the bottom of the seepage sand box when water is drained; the inner wall of the seepage sand box 1 is adhered with the water-proof soft cotton 17, the seepage sand body 16 can be tightly attached to the water-proof soft cotton 17, so that the influence effect of boundary seepage is avoided, the upper strong permeable stainless steel wire mesh 18 laid on the upper part is used for preventing water flow from scouring the seepage sand body 16 in the seepage process, and the lower strong permeable stainless steel wire mesh 14 and the porous seepage steel plate 13 laid on the lower part are used for high-strength water permeability and preventing the seepage sand body 16 particles from flowing out; the side wall of the top of the seepage sand box 1 is provided with a water supply port 21, the bottom is provided with a saturated water inlet 12 for saturating the seepage sand body 16, and a water inlet pipe reducing adapter 11 for connecting a water inlet pipe 15 is arranged.
The water inlet perforated pipe 15 is a transparent round pipe with a pipe body fully distributed with permeation holes, the outside of the water inlet perforated pipe is wrapped and connected with a sand-proof stainless steel wire mesh, and a negative pressure area 6 is arranged around the water inlet perforated pipe 15; the angle of the seepage sand body 16 can be adjusted through the reducing adapter 11 of the water inlet perforated pipe, the length and the diameter of the seepage sand body can be adjusted, and the bottom of the water inlet perforated pipe 15 can realize two working conditions of water permeation and water impermeability; the middle part of the water inlet perforated pipe reducing adapter 11 is connected with a well pipe exhaust port 10 to remove the gas on the upper part of the water column in the drainage water pipe. The water drainage pipe comprises a water drainage hard pipe 47 and a water drainage plastic pipe 46, the upper end of the water drainage hard pipe 47 is connected with the water inlet perforated pipe reducing adapter 11, the lower end of the water drainage hard pipe is connected with the water drainage plastic pipe 46 through the water drainage pipe reducing adapter 45, the water drainage plastic pipe 46 is a transparent pipe which can be bent, deformed and fixed, and the lower end of the water drainage plastic pipe 46 is connected with the electromagnetic gravity valve 42 through the water drainage pipe reducing adapter 45.
The outside of the electromagnetic gravity valve 42 is connected with an electromagnetic gravity valve power supply 43; an electromagnet 402 is arranged at the upper end of the electromagnetic gravity valve 42, and an electromagnetic gravity valve water inlet pipe 401 connected with a drainage water pipe is arranged in the middle of the electromagnet 402; the inner bottom surface of the electromagnetic gravity valve 42 is upwards fixedly connected with a supporting piston bin 406, the upper part of the supporting piston bin 406 is connected with a spherical supporting plate 404 in a matching way, the upper end of the spherical supporting plate 404 is fixedly connected with an iron sealing valve 403, the lower end of the spherical supporting plate is connected with a supporting piston 405 in a contact way, and the iron sealing valve 403 is tightly attracted to the bottom of the electromagnet 402; the lower end of the supporting piston 405 is hinged with a gravity lever 407, and the other end of the gravity lever 407 is connected with a counterweight 408; an electromagnetic gravity valve water discharge opening 409 communicated with the electromagnetic gravity valve water inlet pipe 401 is arranged between the outer side of the supporting piston bin 406 and the inner wall of the electromagnetic gravity valve 42, and the lower end of the electromagnetic gravity valve water discharge opening 409 is connected with the seepage water collecting barrel 41.
The lower half part of the spherical supporting plate 404 is hemispherical, the upper end surface of the upper half part is a horizontal section, and the iron sealing valve 403 is fixedly connected to the horizontal section of the spherical supporting plate 404; the diameter of the middle part of the spherical supporting plate 404 is matched with the width between the inner walls of the supporting piston bin 406 and is connected in the supporting piston bin 406 in a sliding way; the upper end of the electromagnetic gravity valve 42 is also provided with an electromagnetic gravity valve exhaust hole 410.
The water supply pipeline is formed by connecting a pressure stabilizing box 28 between a transit water tank 33 and a water supply port 21 through a pressure stabilizing box water inlet 29, a pressure stabilizing box water inlet pipe 32, a pressure stabilizing box water inlet valve 30, a pressure stabilizing box booster pump 31 and a pressure stabilizing box water outlet 25, a water supply port water supply pipe 22 and a water supply port valve 24; the saturated water inlet pipe is formed by connecting a saturated water inlet pipe 36, a saturated water supply pump 34 and a saturated water inlet valve 35 between the transit water tank 33 and the saturated water inlet 12; the water return pipeline is formed by connecting a transit water tank water return pipe 38, a transit water tank water pump 37 and a transit water tank water return valve 39 between a transit water tank 33 and a seepage water collecting barrel 41.
A pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve 26 is arranged at the upper part of the pressure stabilizing tank 28, and the pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve 26 is connected with the transit water tank 33 through a pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve water return pipe 27; the upper portion of the detachable sealing cover 2 is provided with a sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow valve 19 and is connected with a sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow return pipe 20, an exhaust hole is formed in the sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow valve 19 and can exhaust gas at the top of the seepage sand box 1 in the saturation process, the other end of the sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow return pipe 20 is communicated with a pressure-stabilizing overflow valve return pipe 27 to form a dual pressure-stabilizing mode, overflow of the sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow return pipe flows into a transit water tank 33 through the overflow return pipe, and the stability of water pressure of an upper water supply port at the top of the seepage sand box 1 during the bearing water seepage test can be better guaranteed.
The data acquisition system comprises an image acquisition circuit which is connected with the digital camera 7 through a data acquisition computer 9 and a digital camera acquisition line 8, and a data acquisition circuit which is connected with the flow monitoring system and the water pressure monitoring system through a data acquisition transmission line 51, a data acquisition unit 50 and a plurality of data acquisition lines by the data acquisition computer 9.
A test method of an intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for a hydrophobic hole or well comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling the test device: the sand box seepage system is respectively connected with the water supply circulating system, the automatic suction system, the flow monitoring system, the water pressure monitoring system and the data acquisition system, a saturated water inlet at the bottom of the seepage sand box is connected with a saturated water inlet pipe, and a water supply pipe at a water supply port is connected with a water supply port.
S2, mounting of the drainage water well pipe: connecting a drainage hard pipe, a drainage valve, a water pressure sensor at the top of a drainage water pipe and a water inlet floral tube reducing adapter, then connecting the upper part of a drainage plastic pipe to the upper part and the lower part of the drainage hard pipe, connecting the upper part and the lower part of the drainage plastic pipe with the drainage water pipe reducing adapter, a drainage port flowmeter and an electromagnetic gravity valve, inserting a drainage port of the electromagnetic gravity valve into a seepage water collecting barrel, and placing the seepage water collecting barrel on a high-precision electronic scale; the power supply of the electromagnetic gravity valve is connected with the electromagnetic gravity valve; adjusting the shape of the water-draining plastic pipe to a preset mode and keeping the shape unchanged.
S3, installing a seepage sand box and paving a seepage sand body: firstly, installing and checking water-proof soft cotton adhered to the inner wall of a seepage sand box, sequentially installing a water inlet floral tube reducing adapter, a well pipe exhaust hole, a laying porous permeable steel plate, a lower strong permeable stainless steel wire mesh, a water inlet floral tube and fixing the angle, filling a permeable sand body, embedding a pressure guide tube in a sand tank and connecting with a water pressure monitoring sensor bundle, laying an upper strong permeable stainless steel wire mesh and covering a detachable sealing cover after the completion of the confirmation, installing a sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow valve and keeping an exhaust hole opening of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve.
S4, saturation of penetrating sand bodies: closing a drainage valve, a well pipe exhaust hole and a water supply port valve, opening a saturated water supply pump and a saturated water inlet port valve, allowing water to slowly enter from a water inlet at the bottom of a seepage sand box, gradually filling sand to a preset water level to gradually discharge air in the sand upwards, maintaining an exhaust hole opening of a pressure stabilizing overflow valve of a sealing cover, closing the saturated water inlet port valve when water flows out from an exhaust hole of the pressure stabilizing overflow valve of the sealing cover, closing a power supply of an electromagnetic gravity valve, opening the drainage valve to slowly discharge the water in the seepage sand box to a seepage water collecting barrel, and pumping the water to a transit water tank by a transit water tank water pump; and after the water flow in the seepage sand box is discharged, closing the drainage valve, opening the saturated water supply pump and the saturated water inlet valve again to slowly saturate, closing the saturated water inlet valve and opening the drainage valve when the water flows out of the exhaust hole of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve of the sealing cover, repeating the process for more than 5 times to fully saturate and solidify the seepage sand body in the seepage sand box, closing the exhaust hole of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve of the sealing cover after the last saturation is finished, closing the saturated water inlet valve and closing the drainage valve.
S5, seepage pressurization of the penetrated sand body: when the seepage test of the drainage well at the bottom of the pressure-bearing water-containing layer is carried out, the water pressure is required to be increased on the upper part of the seepage sand box, the closing state of the saturated water inlet valve, the drainage valve, the water supply valve, the well casing exhaust hole and the sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow valve exhaust hole is maintained, the pressure-stabilizing numerical value of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve of the pressure-stabilizing box and the sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow valve is set, the pressure-stabilizing box booster pump and the pressure-stabilizing box water inlet valve are opened, when the pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve returns water through the pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve return pipe, the water supply port valve is opened, when the sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve returns water through the sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve return pipe, and the seepage increase of the permeated sand body is completed, the set pressure values of the pressure stabilizing box booster pump, the pressure stabilizing box overflow valve and the sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve are maintained, and the pressure stabilizing box booster pump, the pressure stabilizing box overflow valve water return pipe, the sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve water return pipe and the transfer water tank form an independent stable pressurization circulating system.
S6, a test flow monitoring system, a water pressure monitoring system and a data acquisition system: and connecting and opening various sensors for monitoring water pressure, a digital camera, a high-precision electronic scale, a water supply port and water drain port flowmeter, a data collector and a data acquisition computer, checking whether various monitoring devices are normal or not, carrying out the next step after confirming that the monitoring devices are normal, and monitoring data in real time in the test process.
The pressure sensors are arranged at different positions on the side wall of the seepage sand box and on the drainage water pipe and are used for monitoring the pressure of the water head, the digital camera is used for observing whether the phenomena of negative pressure dynamic suction cavitation, flow increase, water plug flow, wall flow and the like exist in the seepage box, the water head of each water pressure monitoring pipe is synchronously monitored by the digital camera, and the acquired data is input into a computer through a data line for further processing.
S7, setting an intermittent suction seepage mode: and opening a drainage valve outside the seepage box, enabling water in the seepage box to converge into the water inlet floral tube and the drain tube to seep outwards, keeping the top water supply pressure stable, supplying water to the circulating device for circulating water supply, observing whether the drainage water plastic tube is full of pipe flow or not, and judging the weight of the counterweight needing to be weighed on the electromagnetic gravity valve.
When the drainage water plastic pipe is an unfilled pipe flow, and the pressure of a water pressure sensor at the top of the drainage water pipe is 0, setting magnetic attraction corresponding to the height of a water column required by a test for an electromagnetic gravity valve, adding a proper counterweight according to the size of water flow in the drainage water pipe, enabling an iron sealing valve of the electromagnetic gravity valve to move towards an electromagnet under the action of the gravity counterweight, when the impact force of the water flow is smaller than that of the counterweight to generate upward thrust, enabling the iron sealing valve and the electromagnet to be tightly combined under the action of the electromagnetic attraction, setting the size of the electromagnetic attraction, enabling the water column in the drainage water pipe to continuously rise under the combined action of the counterweight and the electromagnetic attraction, automatically discharging the air pressure at the upper part in the drainage water pipe through a well pipe vent hole, automatically opening the air pressure in the well pipe vent hole for a one-way vent hole pipe, if the air pressure in the drainage water pipe is larger than the external air pressure, closing the external air, and preventing the external air from entering; when the gravity generated by the height of the water column in the drainage water pipe is greater than the sum of the upward lifting force formed by the electromagnetic gravity valve and the counterweight, the iron sealing valve is opened downwards, once the iron sealing valve leaves the electromagnet, the electromagnetic gravity disappears, the water flow in the drainage water pipe rapidly flows downwards to form negative pressure above the iron sealing valve, at the moment, the well pipe exhaust hole is closed, negative pressure is formed around the water inlet perforated pipe, and the water flow in the water inlet perforated pipe is increased by the permeable sand body; when water flow entering the water inlet floral tube is not enough to meet the full-tube flow state in the drainage water tube, non-full-tube flow is formed in the drainage water tube again, when the flow is small, the electromagnetic gravity valve moves towards the electromagnet again under the action of the counterweight and is combined, a certain full-tube water column is formed in the drainage water tube again, after the height of the water column reaches a certain degree, the iron sealing valve is separated from the electromagnet to form full-tube flow, and the intermittent full-tube suction seepage phenomenon can be formed through repeated operation.
The air exhaust hole of the well casing can automatically exhaust when the air pressure in the well casing is greater than the external air pressure, so the process can not influence the seepage state when the air pressure in the water inlet flower pipe is 0, the internal pressure of the penetrated sand in the water inlet flower pipe and around the water inlet flower pipe is less than 0 when the full pipe of the water drainage flower pipe quickly seeps to form an intermittent suction effect, the effect can increase the flow rate of the penetrated sand which is converged into the water inlet flower pipe, the intermittent negative pressure suction of the water inlet flower pipe can also avoid certain fine particles which can be carried by the water in the water containing layer in the process of converging into the drainage hole, the seepage channel of the water containing layer converging into the drainage hole is blocked when the flow rate of the water is small and stable, even the seepage channel can be expanded, and the seepage effect is further amplified.
The forming conditions of the negative pressure are complex and are related to factors such as the thickness of the aquifer, the water pressure, the radius of the seepage hole, the inclination angle and the like, and the formed optimal intermittent suction effect can be observed by gradually adjusting the magnetic attraction of the electromagnetic gravity valve and the weight of the counterweight according to different conditions; the shape of the drainage water pipe also has certain influence on downward seepage of full pipe water columns formed in the drainage water pipe, and after the buried water inlet perforated pipe is buried, the shape of a plastic pipe for drainage water can be changed to carry out research; at this time, the step of forming the intermittent suction and seepage mode can be repeated only by closing the drainage valve and adjusting the shape of the drainage plastic pipe.
S8, pumping water in the seepage water collecting barrel to the transfer water tank: and when the seepage of the seepage sand box is finished, a water pump of the transfer water tank is opened to suck water in the seepage water collecting tank into the transfer water tank.
S9, replacing the water inlet floral tube: and opening the detachable sealing cover, taking out the stainless steel wire mesh with the strong water permeability on the upper part, the permeable sand body and the pressure guide pipe in the sand tank, replacing the water inlet floral tube after cleaning the permeable sand body, and repeating the steps S3 to S8.
And S10, finishing each group of tests, and carrying out data sorting and analysis.
The test principle is as follows:
in the physical model test of water drainage, the two systems of the aquifer and the drainage hole are a seepage-pipe flow coupling model, the water outlet elevation of the drainage hole at the bottom of the aquifer is lower than that of the catchment pipe, when full pipe water columns are formed in the drainage pipe to drain water, the effect similar to the drainage port of a siphon produces suction on the upper part of the drainage pipe, but the water collection rate of the seepage system of the aquifer is poorer at the position of the catchment port, the 'siphon-like phenomenon' disappears after the short existence, and the suction effect can be reasonably utilized to form a high-efficiency drainage pressure reduction effect on the overlying aquifer.
In the physical model of water drainage, pore water pressure monitoring points are arranged at different horizontal and vertical positions away from the well center, the system monitors the distribution characteristics of seepage fields of the water drainage model with different well diameters and well lengths, the system mainly analyzes the dynamic evolution process of the dynamic negative pressure process formed near a water inlet perforated pipe by the intermittent automatic pumping effect to expand the seepage channels of the penetrated sand around the water inlet perforated pipe and the water pressure around the water inlet perforated pipe, and adopts a digital camera to monitor the phenomena of 'full pipe flow', 'water plug flow', 'wall flow sticking', 'cavitation' and the like in the transparent water drainage perforated pipe in real time and analyze the seepage flow rate, the water pressure distribution change mechanism and the like in the penetrated sand.
The seepage flow of the seepage box is weighed by a flow meter of a drainage water gap and an electronic scale, the seepage water is intensively pumped and discharged into a water collecting box for further recycling, the water heads of the water pressure monitoring pipes are synchronously monitored by a digital camera, and the acquired data is input into a computer for further processing.
The electromagnetic gravity valve comprises the following components: the valve is mainly formed by connecting a group of electromagnets 402 and a gravity valve, wherein the lower ends of the electromagnets 402 are respectively provided with iron sealing valves 403 from top to bottom, spherical supporting plates 404, supporting pistons 405, gravity levers 407, counterweight 408 and electromagnetic gravity valve water outlets 409 which are positioned in lower bottom surface supporting piston bins 406; as shown in fig. 3, the electromagnetic gravity valve is located at the water outlet of the electromagnetic gravity valve water inlet pipe 401.
The working principle of the electromagnetic gravity valve is as follows:
stage one: when no water or small flow exists in the electromagnetic gravity valve water inlet pipe 401 at the upper part of the electromagnetic gravity valve, the gravity of the electromagnetic gravity valve at the counterweight weight (the gravity is G)Code) Under the action of the lifting force (G) upwards generated to the iron sealing valveMopBy gravity G by the principle of leverageCodeObtained by conversion), the iron sealing valve is upwards contacted with the electromagnet, so that the electromagnet generates magnetic force to adsorb the iron sealThe size of the acting force between the iron sealing valve and the electromagnet is G at the moment (the suction force is F, the value can be set according to the requirement)MopThe + F direction is upward (neglecting the self-weight of the valve port).
And a second stage: when the upper water column begins to store water, the iron sealing valve begins to be subjected to downward water pressure, and the water pressure is GWater (W)In the course of increasing water column GWater (W)Increase continuously, but at this time GMop+ F always being greater than GWater (W)The iron sealing valve is still closed and not opened at this time.
And a third stage: when the upper water column reaches a certain height, G is enabledWater (W)Greater than GMopAnd F, at the moment, the iron sealing valve is opened by water flow, so that the iron sealing valve and the electromagnet are separated, and the attraction of the electromagnet to the iron sealing valve disappears. From the moment the iron sealing valve is flushed away by the water flow, the water column starts to gradually fall, i.e. GWater (W)Is continuously decreased, at this time GWater (W)And the sum of the hydrodynamic pressure generated by the hydraulic pump is always greater than GMopThe valve remains open and water is released.
And a fourth stage: when the water column in the drainage pipe is lowered to a certain height or even is not full of the pipe, the gravity G of the seepage waterWater (W)And the sum of the hydrodynamic pressure is less than GMopAt this time, the iron seal valve is in GMopIs contacted with the electromagnet upwards, and the electromagnetic gravity valve is closed at the moment, namely, the step one is returned.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for a hydrophobic hole or well is characterized in that: the system comprises a sand box seepage system, a water supply circulating system, an automatic suction system, a flow monitoring system, a water pressure monitoring system and a data acquisition system; the sand box seepage system consists of a seepage sand box (1) provided with a detachable sealing cover (2), water-proof soft cotton (17) attached to the inner wall of the seepage sand box (1), a porous seepage steel plate (13) arranged inside the seepage sand box (1) from bottom to top, a stainless steel wire mesh (14) with strong water permeability at the lower part, a seepage sand body (16) and a stainless steel wire mesh (18) with strong water permeability at the upper part, wherein a water supply port (21) is arranged on the side wall of the top of the seepage sand box (1), and a saturated water inlet (12) is arranged at the bottom of the seepage sand box; the automatic pumping system is composed of a water inlet floral tube (15) arranged in a permeable sand body (16) and a water drainage pipe, a water drainage valve (48), a water drainage pipe reducer union (45) and an electromagnetic gravity valve (42) which are sequentially connected through a water inlet floral tube reducer adapter (11) which is connected to the bottom of the permeable sand box (1) in a penetrating manner; the water supply circulating system consists of a water supply pipeline, a saturated water inlet pipeline and a water return pipeline, wherein the water supply pipeline is connected with the water supply port (21) through a transfer water tank (33), the saturated water inlet pipeline is connected with the saturated water inlet (12), and the water return pipeline is connected with a seepage water collecting barrel (41); the flow monitoring system comprises a high-precision electronic scale (40) arranged at the lower end of the seepage water collecting barrel (41), a water supply port flowmeter (23) connected between the water supply port (21) and a water supply pipeline, and a water discharge port flowmeter (44) connected to a water discharge pipe above the electromagnetic gravity valve (42); the water pressure monitoring system comprises a water pressure monitoring sensor bundle (5) and a top water pressure sensor (3) which are arranged on the vertical direction of the side wall of the seepage sand box (1), a drainage water pipe top water pressure sensor (49) which is arranged on a drainage water pipe, and a sand tank inner pressure guide pipe (4) connected with the water pressure monitoring sensor bundle (5) is embedded in the permeable sand body (16).
2. An intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for hydrophobic holes or wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seepage sand box (1) is a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical sealed transparent box body provided with a detachable sealing cover (2), and the seepage sand body (16) is a transparent seepage medium; the water-proof soft cotton (17) is adhered to the inner wall of the seepage sand box (1), and the seepage sand body (16) positioned in the seepage sand box (1) is tightly attached to the water-proof soft cotton (17).
3. An intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for hydrophobic holes or wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water inlet perforated pipe (15) is a transparent circular pipe with a pipe body fully distributed with permeation holes, the outside of the pipe body is wrapped and connected with a sand-proof stainless steel wire mesh, and a negative pressure area (6) is arranged around the water inlet perforated pipe (15); the middle part of the water inlet perforated pipe reducing adapter (11) is provided with a well pipe exhaust port (10); the water drainage pipe comprises a water drainage hard pipe (47) and a water drainage plastic pipe (46), the upper end of the water drainage hard pipe (47) is connected with the water inlet perforated pipe reducing adapter (11), the lower end of the water drainage hard pipe is connected with the water drainage plastic pipe (46) through the water drainage pipe reducing adapter (45), and the lower end of the water drainage plastic pipe (46) is connected with the electromagnetic gravity valve (42) through the water drainage pipe reducing adapter (45).
4. An intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for hydrophobic holes or wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outside of the electromagnetic gravity valve (42) is connected with an electromagnetic gravity valve power supply (43); an electromagnet (402) is arranged at the upper end of the electromagnetic gravity valve (42), and an electromagnetic gravity valve water inlet pipe (401) connected with a drainage water pipe is arranged in the middle of the electromagnet (402); the inner bottom surface of the electromagnetic gravity valve (42) is upwards fixedly connected with a supporting piston bin (406), the upper part of the supporting piston bin (406) is connected with a spherical supporting plate (404) in a matching way, the upper end of the spherical supporting plate (404) is fixedly connected with an iron sealing valve (403), the lower end of the spherical supporting plate is in contact connection with a supporting piston (405), and the iron sealing valve (403) is tightly attracted to the bottom of the electromagnet (402); the lower end of the supporting piston (405) is hinged with a gravity lever (407), and the other end of the gravity lever (407) is connected with a counterweight (408); an electromagnetic gravity valve water outlet (409) communicated with the electromagnetic gravity valve water inlet pipe (401) is arranged between the outer side of the supporting piston bin (406) and the inner wall of the electromagnetic gravity valve (42), and the lower end of the electromagnetic gravity valve water outlet (409) is connected with the seepage water collecting barrel (41).
5. An intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for hydrophobic holes or wells according to claim 4, characterized in that: the lower half part of the spherical supporting plate (404) is hemispherical, the upper end surface of the upper half part is a horizontal section, and the iron sealing valve (403) is fixedly connected to the horizontal section of the spherical supporting plate (404); the diameter of the middle part of the spherical supporting plate (404) is matched with the width between the inner walls of the supporting piston bin (406), and the spherical supporting plate is connected in the supporting piston bin (406) in a sliding way; the upper end of the electromagnetic gravity valve (42) is also provided with an electromagnetic gravity valve exhaust hole (410).
6. An intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for hydrophobic holes or wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water supply pipeline is formed by connecting a pressure stabilizing box (28) between a transit water tank (33) and a water supply port (21) through a pressure stabilizing box water inlet (29), a pressure stabilizing box water inlet pipe (32), a pressure stabilizing box water inlet valve (30), a pressure stabilizing box booster pump (31) and a pressure stabilizing box water outlet (25), a water supply port water supply pipe (22) and a water supply port valve (24); the saturated water inlet pipe is formed by connecting a saturated water inlet pipe (36), a saturated water supply pump (34) and a saturated water inlet valve (35) between a transit water tank (33) and a saturated water inlet (12); the water return pipeline is formed by connecting a transfer water tank water return pipe (38), a transfer water tank water pump (37) and a transfer water tank water return valve (39) between a transfer water tank (33) and a seepage water collecting barrel (41).
7. An intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for hydrophobic holes or wells according to claim 6, characterized in that: a pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve (26) is arranged at the upper part of the pressure stabilizing tank (28), and the pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve (26) is connected with the transit water tank (33) through a pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve water return pipe (27); the upper part of the detachable sealing cover (2) is provided with a sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve (19) and is connected with a sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow water return pipe (20), and the other end of the sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow water return pipe (20) is communicated with a pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve water return pipe (27).
8. An intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for hydrophobic holes or wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: the data acquisition system comprises an image acquisition circuit which is connected with a digital camera (7) through a digital camera acquisition line (8) by a data acquisition computer (9), and the data acquisition circuit which is respectively connected with the flow monitoring system and the water pressure monitoring system through a data acquisition transmission line (51), a data acquisition unit (50) and a plurality of data acquisition lines by the data acquisition computer (9).
9. A test method for an intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for a hydrophobic hole or well according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling the test device: connecting a sand box seepage system with a water supply circulating system, an automatic suction system, a flow monitoring system, a water pressure monitoring system and a data acquisition system respectively, wherein a saturated water inlet at the bottom of a seepage sand box is connected with a saturated water inlet pipe, and a water supply pipe at a water supply port is connected with a water supply port;
s2, mounting of the drainage water well pipe: connecting a drainage hard pipe, a drainage valve, a water pressure sensor at the top of a drainage water pipe and a water inlet floral tube reducing adapter, then connecting the upper part of a drainage plastic pipe to the upper part and the lower part of the drainage hard pipe, connecting the upper part and the lower part of the drainage plastic pipe with the drainage water pipe reducing adapter, a drainage port flowmeter and an electromagnetic gravity valve, inserting a drainage port of the electromagnetic gravity valve into a seepage water collecting barrel, and placing the seepage water collecting barrel on a high-precision electronic scale; the power supply of the electromagnetic gravity valve is connected with the electromagnetic gravity valve; adjusting the shape of the water-draining plastic pipe to a preset mode and keeping the shape unchanged;
s3, installing a seepage sand box and paving a seepage sand body: firstly, installing and checking water-proof soft cotton stuck on the inner wall of a seepage sand box, sequentially installing a water inlet floral tube reducing adapter, a well pipe exhaust hole, a laying porous permeable steel plate, a lower strong permeable stainless steel wire mesh and a water inlet floral tube at the circle center of the bottom of the seepage sand box after the water-proof soft cotton is confirmed to be intact, filling a permeable sand body, burying a pressure guide tube in a sand tank and connecting with a water pressure monitoring sensor bundle, laying an upper strong permeable stainless steel wire mesh and covering a detachable sealing cover, and installing a sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow valve and keeping an exhaust hole opening of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve;
s4, saturation of penetrating sand bodies: closing a drainage valve, a well pipe exhaust hole and a water supply port valve, opening a saturated water supply pump and a saturated water inlet port valve, allowing water to slowly enter from a water inlet at the bottom of a seepage sand box, gradually filling sand to a preset water level to gradually discharge air in the sand upwards, maintaining an exhaust hole opening of a pressure stabilizing overflow valve of a sealing cover, closing the saturated water inlet port valve when water flows out from an exhaust hole of the pressure stabilizing overflow valve of the sealing cover, closing a power supply of an electromagnetic gravity valve, opening the drainage valve to slowly discharge the water in the seepage sand box to a seepage water collecting barrel, and pumping the water to a transit water tank by a transit water tank water pump; after the water flow in the seepage sand box is discharged, closing the drainage valve, opening the saturated water supply pump and the saturated water inlet valve again to slowly saturate, closing the saturated water inlet valve and opening the drainage valve when the water flows out of the exhaust hole of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve of the sealing cover, repeating the process for many times to fully saturate and solidify the seepage sand body in the seepage sand box, closing the exhaust hole of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve of the sealing cover after the last saturation is finished, closing the saturated water inlet valve and closing the drainage valve;
s5, seepage pressurization of the penetrated sand body: when the seepage test of the drainage well at the bottom of the pressure-bearing water-containing layer is carried out, the water pressure is required to be increased on the upper part of the seepage sand box, the closing state of the saturated water inlet valve, the drainage valve, the water supply valve, the well casing exhaust hole and the sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow valve exhaust hole is maintained, the pressure-stabilizing numerical value of the pressure-stabilizing overflow valve of the pressure-stabilizing box and the sealing cover pressure-stabilizing overflow valve is set, the pressure-stabilizing box booster pump and the pressure-stabilizing box water inlet valve are opened, when the pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve returns water through the pressure stabilizing tank overflow valve return pipe, the water supply port valve is opened, when the sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve returns water through the sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve return pipe, after the seepage of the infiltrated sand is increased, the set pressure values of a pressure stabilizing box booster pump, a pressure stabilizing box overflow valve and a sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve are maintained, and the pressure stabilizing box booster pump, a pressure stabilizing box overflow valve water return pipe, a sealing cover pressure stabilizing overflow valve water return pipe and a transfer water tank form an independent stable pressurization circulating system;
s6, a test flow monitoring system, a water pressure monitoring system and a data acquisition system: connecting and opening various sensors for monitoring water pressure, a digital camera, a high-precision electronic scale, a water supply port and water discharge port flowmeter, a data collector and a data acquisition computer, checking whether various monitoring devices are normal, carrying out the next step after confirming that the monitoring devices are normal, and monitoring data in real time in the test process;
s7, setting an intermittent suction seepage mode: opening a drainage valve outside the seepage box to enable water in the seepage box to converge into a water inlet floral tube and a drainage water tube to seep outwards, keeping the water pressure of top water supply stable, circularly supplying water by a water supply circulating device, observing whether a drainage plastic tube is full of tube flow or not and the pressure value of a water pressure sensor at the top of the drainage water tube, and judging the weight of a counterweight needing to be weighed on the electromagnetic gravity valve;
s8, pumping water in the seepage water collecting barrel to the transfer water tank: when the tests are finished, closing a pressure stabilizing box water supply pump, a pressure stabilizing box water inlet valve and a water supply valve, and when seepage of a seepage sand box is finished, opening a transfer water tank water pump to suck water in a seepage water collecting tank into a transfer water tank;
s9, replacing the water inlet floral tube: opening the detachable sealing cover, taking out the stainless steel wire mesh with the strong water permeability on the upper part, the permeable sand body and the pressure guide pipe in the sand tank, cleaning the permeable sand body, replacing the water inlet floral pipe, and repeating the steps from S3 to S8;
and S10, finishing each group of tests, and carrying out data sorting and analysis.
10. A test method of an intermittent automatic suction seepage test device for a hydrophobic hole or well according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the step S7, when the drainage water plastic pipe is not full pipe flow and the pressure of the water pressure sensor at the top of the drainage water pipe is 0, the magnetic gravity corresponding to the height of the water column required by the experiment is set for the electromagnetic gravity valve, a proper counterweight is added according to the water flow in the drainage water pipe, so that the iron sealing valve of the electromagnetic gravity valve can move towards the electromagnet under the action of the counterweight, when the impact force of water flow is smaller than the upward thrust generated by the counterweight, the iron sealing valve can be tightly combined with the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, the size of the electromagnetic attraction can be set, under the combined action of the counterweight and the electromagnetic attraction, the water column in the drainage water pipe continuously rises, the air pressure at the upper part in the drainage water pipe is increased, and the air is automatically discharged through the air outlet hole of the well pipe, the air outlet hole at the upper part of the well pipe is opened automatically when the air pressure in the one-way air outlet hole pipe is larger than the external air pressure, otherwise, the air is closed, and the external air cannot enter; when the gravity generated by the height of the water column in the drainage water pipe is greater than the sum of the upward lifting force formed by the electromagnetic gravity valve and the counterweight, the iron sealing valve is opened downwards, once the iron sealing valve leaves the electromagnet, the electromagnetic gravity disappears, the water flow in the drainage water pipe rapidly flows downwards to form negative pressure above the iron sealing valve, at the moment, the well pipe exhaust hole is closed, negative pressure is formed around the water inlet perforated pipe, and the water flow in the water inlet perforated pipe is increased by the permeable sand body; when water flow entering the water inlet floral tube is not enough to meet the full-tube flow state in the drainage water tube, non-full-tube flow is formed in the drainage water tube again, when the flow is small, the electromagnetic gravity valve moves towards the electromagnet again under the action of the counterweight and is combined, a certain full-tube water column is formed in the drainage water tube again, after the height of the water column reaches a certain degree, the iron sealing valve is separated from the electromagnet to form full-tube flow, and the intermittent full-tube suction seepage phenomenon can be formed through repeated operation.
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