CN113774516A - Preparation method of hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament - Google Patents
Preparation method of hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament Download PDFInfo
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- CN113774516A CN113774516A CN202111184546.3A CN202111184546A CN113774516A CN 113774516 A CN113774516 A CN 113774516A CN 202111184546 A CN202111184546 A CN 202111184546A CN 113774516 A CN113774516 A CN 113774516A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
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- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses hydrophilic type polypropylene skin core composite monofilament preparation method, skin material are hydrophilic modified polypropylene, adopt double screw extruder to go on hydrophilic modified polypropylene's preparation, double screw extruder includes a main feed inlet and at least three side feed inlet, polypropylene masterbatch and compatilizer feeding main feed inlet, hydrophilic agent and ageing resistance feeding side feed inlet. According to the technical scheme that this application embodiment provided, through adopting double screw extruder to carry out hydrophilic modified polypropylene's preparation, this double screw extruder includes three side feed mouth at least, adds additives such as hydrophilic agent to the polypropylene masterbatch through the side feed mouth of difference respectively for can misce bene between polypropylene masterbatch and the corresponding auxiliary agent, make the hydrophilic modified polypropylene who prepares have comparatively even hydrophilic performance, promote the hydrophilic performance of the polypropylene monofilament that the preparation formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of monofilaments in general, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament.
Background
Polypropylene (PP) with different isotacticity, molecular weight and distribution can be processed into membrane materials, non-woven fabrics and chemical fibers, and can be widely applied to the fields of water treatment, gas purification, food processing, adsorption, filtration, medical sanitation, packaging materials, clothes and industrial textiles. The main methods for hydrophilic modification of polypropylene include physical blending modification, ultraviolet curing surface grafting modification and surface hydrophilic after-treatment.
Polypropylene fibers for concrete are generally classified into large-diameter polypropylene monofilaments, mesh polypropylene fibers and engineering polypropylene fibers. Wherein, the large-diameter polypropylene monofilament refers to a single filament with the diameter of 0.08-4 mm. Compared with plain concrete, the polypropylene monofilament reinforced concrete can reduce crack defects in the construction period, improve the brittleness of the concrete, enhance the performances of the concrete, such as impermeability, shock resistance, freeze resistance, fatigue resistance and the like, and is widely applied to concrete pavement engineering, bridge engineering, hydraulic buildings and structures, and industrial and civil buildings. However, because the polypropylene monofilament has no polar group on the surface, low surface energy and poor hydrophilicity, the interface bonding force with a cement matrix is weaker, and chemical bonding energy cannot be generated, so that most polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete still has severe brittle failure such as local cracks, and the like, so that the method for improving the hydrophilicity of the polypropylene monofilament for concrete has important significance, the interface bonding strength between the large-diameter polypropylene monofilament and the concrete can be further improved, and the comprehensive performances of crack resistance, impact resistance and the like of the fiber reinforced concrete can be enhanced.
The polypropylene is modified mainly by two methods of melting and blending polypropylene master batch and hydrophilic agent by a double screw and then spinning or hydrophilic grafting and finishing the surface of polypropylene fiber. The first hydrophilic modification method needs to stir the blending master batch in a stirrer, and the hydrophilic agent and other auxiliaries are micro-nano powder, while the polypropylene master batch is particle particles, so that the problem of uneven stirring exists. The second method has problems of poor durability of hydrophilic effect of hydrophilic modification, uneven finishing, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art, it would be desirable to provide a method for preparing a hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament.
In the first aspect, a preparation method of hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament is provided, wherein a sheath material is hydrophilic modified polypropylene, a double-screw extruder is adopted to prepare the hydrophilic modified polypropylene,
the double-screw extruder comprises a main feeding port and at least three side feeding ports, wherein the main feeding port is used for feeding polypropylene master batch and compatilizer, and the side feeding ports are used for feeding hydrophilic agent and anti-aging agent.
According to the technical scheme that this application embodiment provided, through adopting double screw extruder to carry out hydrophilic modified polypropylene's preparation, this double screw extruder includes three side feed mouth at least, adds additives such as hydrophilic agent to the polypropylene masterbatch through the side feed mouth of difference respectively for can misce bene between polypropylene masterbatch and the corresponding auxiliary agent, make the hydrophilic modified polypropylene who prepares have comparatively even hydrophilic performance, promote the hydrophilic performance of the polypropylene monofilament that the preparation formed.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the twin-screw extruder in this example.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament, wherein a sheath material is hydrophilic modified polypropylene, a double-screw extruder is adopted to prepare the hydrophilic modified polypropylene,
the double-screw extruder comprises a main feeding port 1 and at least three side feeding ports, wherein the main feeding port 1 is fed with polypropylene master batch and compatilizer, and the side feeding ports are fed with hydrophilic agent and anti-aging agent.
According to the technical scheme that this application embodiment provided, through adopting double screw extruder to carry out the preparation of hydrophilic modified polypropylene, this double screw extruder includes three side feed inlet 2, 3, 4 at least, adds additives such as hydrophilic agent to the polypropylene masterbatch through the side feed inlet of difference respectively for can misce bene between polypropylene masterbatch and the corresponding auxiliary agent, make the hydrophilic modified polypropylene who prepares have comparatively even hydrophilic performance, promote the hydrophilic performance of the polypropylene monofilament that the preparation formed.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of the above twin-screw extruder is provided, which includes a main feeding port and three side feeding ports, wherein the main feeding port feeds polypropylene master batch for melt extrusion, and different additives are respectively fed through the three side feeding ports to gradually melt mix with the polypropylene master batch.
The preparation method of the hydrophilic modified polypropylene specifically comprises the following steps:
feeding 44-85 parts by mass of polypropylene master batch and 5-10 parts by mass of compatilizer into the main feeding port,
feeding 6-8 parts by mass of age resister into a first side feeding port,
feeding 2-20 parts by mass of a first hydrophilic agent into a second side feeding port,
feeding 2-20 parts by mass of a second hydrophilic agent into a third side feeding port for melt extrusion, cooling and air drying.
In the embodiment, the age resister is preferably fed into the first side feeding port 2, and because the age resister has poor dispersibility, the age resister is firstly added in the embodiment, so that the mixing time between the age resister and the polypropylene master batch is increased, the dispersibility of the age resister in the polypropylene master batch is ensured, and meanwhile, the age resister can exist in the polypropylene master batch from beginning to end and plays a role in aging resistance from beginning to end; the hydrophilic agent is fed from the second side feeding port 3 and the third side feeding port 4 twice respectively, the first hydrophilic agent is fed to improve the hydrophilic performance of the polypropylene master batch, so that the polypropylene master batch has hydrophilicity, meanwhile, the second hydrophilic agent fed from the third side feeding port reinforces the effect of the first hydrophilic agent, the first hydrophilic agent is prevented from losing efficacy, and the hydrophilic performance of the polypropylene master batch is effectively improved.
Further, the compatilizer is maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene; the second hydrophilic agent and the second hydrophilic agent are one or more of hydrophilic graphene oxide, modified nano silicon dioxide and polyethylene glycol.
The compatilizer adopted in the embodiment is maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, and the compatilizer and the polypropylene master batch are all granules and are uniformly stirred; the first hydrophilic agent and the second hydrophilic agent can be the same in composition or different in composition, and the first hydrophilic agent and the second hydrophilic agent which are different in composition are preferably used in the embodiment to ensure the hydrophilic performance of the polypropylene monofilament.
Further, the temperature of the screw of the double-screw extruder is 120-200 ℃, the rotating speed of the screw is 65-85rpm, and the frequency of the main feeding screw is 10-20 Hz.
The corresponding parameters of the twin-screw extruder are also given in this example, where the main feed screw frequency is 10-20Hz and the side feed screw frequency is adjusted according to the amount of the respective auxiliaries added.
Further, the core layer material is polypropylene master batch, the skin layer material and the core layer material are subjected to composite spinning through a composite spinning box, and then the hydrophilic polypropylene skin-core composite monofilament is formed through cooling, stretching and shaping.
The polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament in the embodiment comprises a sheath layer and a core layer, wherein the sheath layer is prepared from hydrophilic modified polypropylene, and the core layer is directly prepared from pure polypropylene master batch to ensure the strength of the core layer, wherein the sheath-core volume ratio (3-7) to (7-3) of the sheath-core composite monofilament is 0.15mm-0.3mm in diameter.
Further, the temperature of a cortex spinning screw in the spinning manifold is 260-270 ℃, the temperature of the cortex spinning manifold is 270 ℃, the temperature of a core layer spinning screw is 280-290 ℃, and the temperature of the core layer spinning manifold is 280 ℃.
When the sheath-core composite spinning is carried out, the temperature of the sheath is slightly lower than that of the chip spinning.
Further, the cooling mode is liquid cooling, and the cooling liquid comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 3-5 parts of dicyanodiamide and 93-96 parts of water.
The cooling in this embodiment is added with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and dicyanodiamide on the basis of water cooling, the cooling medium can permeate into the amorphous region of the polypropylene monofilament, the surface activity and the hydrophilic property of the monofilament are increased, and the adhesion of the oil agent is facilitated, and the preferable temperature for liquid cooling is 20-40 ℃.
Further, the stretching mode is two-stage stretching, the first stage is water bath stretching, the water bath stretching temperature is 75-95 ℃,
the second stage is hot air stretching, and the hot air stretching temperature is 120-150 ℃.
In the embodiment, the monofilament stretching is carried out in a two-stage stretching mode, the total stretching endorsement is 7.5-9 times, and the first-stage stretching proportion is 80-85%.
Further, the shaping mode is hot air shaping, and the hot air heat shaping temperature is 150-180 ℃.
Wherein, the preferable hot air heat setting temperature is 150-.
Two examples are given below, which respectively illustrate the preparation method of the hydrophilic modified polypropylene and the preparation of the polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament:
the first embodiment:
in the preparation process of the hydrophilic modified polypropylene, a double-screw extruder is provided with ten zones, wherein the temperatures of the first zone to the ten zones of the double screws are 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 150 ℃, 180 ℃, 200 ℃, 190 ℃ and 190 ℃ respectively; the screw rotating speed is 65rpm, the main feeding screw frequency is 10Hz, the cooling liquid water temperature is 25 ℃, different hydrophilic modified polypropylene master batches are obtained by changing the types and the addition amounts of different hydrophilic agents, and the modified master batches are subjected to static contact angle test (the static contact angle of a pure polypropylene master batch is 106 degrees), so that the following 6 cases of proportion with good hydrophilic effect are obtained, and the specific data are as follows:
the data show six components with better modification effect, wherein the static contact angle of the modified polypropylene master batch is greatly changed compared with that of the pure polypropylene master batch, and the hydrophilic modification effect is better.
Second embodiment:
the modified polypropylene obtained in the above example 2 was used as a skin material and a pure polypropylene master batch as a core material to prepare a hydrophilic polypropylene skin-core composite monofilament.
Firstly, the method comprises the following steps:
the diameter of the monofilament is 0.20mm, and the ratio of the sheath to the core is 3: 7. The temperature of the sheath screw is 260 ℃, 270 ℃, 265 ℃ and 265 ℃, the temperature of the sheath filament box is 270 ℃, the temperature of the core screw is 280 ℃, 290 ℃, 285 ℃ and 285 ℃, the temperature of the core filament box is 280 ℃, and the mass part ratio of the cooling medium is ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether: dicyanodiamine: water 1: 5: 94 at a temperature of 25 ℃. The first-stage water bath stretching temperature is 88 ℃, the second-stage hot air stretching temperature is 150 ℃, the heat setting temperature is 170 ℃, the total stretching multiple is 8.5 times, and the first-stage stretching proportion is 80%. The hot air heat setting temperature is 170 ℃, the overfeed rate is 2 percent, and the spinning speed is 120 m/min.
II, secondly:
the diameter of the monofilament is 0.20mm, and the ratio of the sheath to the core is 4: 6. The temperature of the sheath screw is 260 ℃, 270 ℃, 265 ℃ and 265 ℃, the temperature of the sheath filament box is 270 ℃, the temperature of the core screw is 280 ℃, 290 ℃, 285 ℃ and 285 ℃, the temperature of the core filament box is 280 ℃, and the mass part ratio of the cooling medium is ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether: dicyanodiamine: water 1: 5: 94 at a temperature of 25 ℃. The first-stage water bath stretching temperature is 88 ℃, the second-stage hot air stretching temperature is 150 ℃, the heat setting temperature is 170 ℃, the total stretching multiple is 8.5 times, and the first-stage stretching proportion is 80%. The hot air heat setting temperature is 170 ℃, the overfeed rate is 2 percent, and the spinning speed is 120 m/min.
Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps:
the diameter of the monofilament is 0.20mm, and the ratio of the sheath to the core is 5: 5. The temperature of the sheath screw is 260 ℃, 270 ℃, 265 ℃ and 265 ℃, the temperature of the sheath filament box is 270 ℃, the temperature of the core screw is 280 ℃, 290 ℃, 285 ℃ and 285 ℃, the temperature of the core filament box is 280 ℃, and the mass part ratio of the cooling medium is ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether: dicyanodiamine: water 1: 5: 94 at a temperature of 25 ℃. The first-stage water bath stretching temperature is 88 ℃, the second-stage hot air stretching temperature is 150 ℃, the heat setting temperature is 170 ℃, the total stretching multiple is 8.5 times, and the first-stage stretching proportion is 80%. The hot air heat setting temperature is 170 ℃, the overfeed rate is 2 percent, and the spinning speed is 120 m/min.
Fourthly, the method comprises the following steps:
the diameter of the monofilament is 0.20mm, and the ratio of the sheath to the core is 6: 4. The temperature of the sheath screw is 260 ℃, 270 ℃, 265 ℃ and 265 ℃, the temperature of the sheath filament box is 270 ℃, the temperature of the core screw is 280 ℃, 290 ℃, 285 ℃ and 285 ℃, the temperature of the core filament box is 280 ℃, and the mass part ratio of the cooling medium is ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether: dicyanodiamine: water 1: 5: 94 at a temperature of 25 ℃. The first-stage water bath stretching temperature is 88 ℃, the second-stage hot air stretching temperature is 150 ℃, the heat setting temperature is 170 ℃, the total stretching multiple is 8.5 times, and the first-stage stretching proportion is 80%. The hot air heat setting temperature is 170 ℃, the overfeed rate is 2 percent, and the spinning speed is 120 m/min.
Fifthly:
the diameter of the monofilament is 0.20mm, and the ratio of the sheath to the core is 7: 3. The temperature of the sheath screw is 260 ℃, 270 ℃, 265 ℃ and 265 ℃, the temperature of the sheath filament box is 270 ℃, the temperature of the core screw is 280 ℃, 290 ℃, 285 ℃ and 285 ℃, the temperature of the core filament box is 280 ℃, and the mass part ratio of the cooling medium is ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether: dicyanodiamine: water 1: 5: 94 at a temperature of 25 ℃. The first-stage water bath stretching temperature is 88 ℃, the second-stage hot air stretching temperature is 150 ℃, the heat setting temperature is 170 ℃, the total stretching multiple is 8.5 times, and the first-stage stretching proportion is 80%. The hot air heat setting temperature is 170 ℃, the overfeed rate is 2 percent, and the spinning speed is 120 m/min.
Strength and hydrophilicity tests were carried out on the monofilaments obtained in the above one to five examples after thirty-four and accelerated aging, the aging test method being as defined in JIS L1017: 2002, as can be seen from the test data, after accelerated aging, the strength retention rate of the monofilament is kept above 96%, the aging resistance is good, the contact angle of the aged monofilament is reduced, the hydrophilic performance is improved, and the hydrophilic durability is good, wherein the specific data are shown in the following table:
in the interface bonding performance test of the monofilament and concrete, the embedding depth is 20mm, and under the same test conditions, the interface bonding strength of the modified monofilament and the matrix is improved by over 300 percent compared with that of an unmodified polypropylene monofilament. The monofilament is cut into 15-25mm, the volume ratio is 0.50-0.80%, and compared with pure polypropylene monofilament reinforced concrete, the compression strength, the tensile strength and the impact strength of the hydrophilic modified polypropylene monofilament reinforced concrete are respectively improved by more than 10%, more than 12% and more than 15%.
The invention aims to provide a hydrophilic large-diameter polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament, and the cut composite monofilament is uniformly added into concrete according to a certain proportion, so that the interface bonding strength between the monofilament and the concrete can be further improved, and the comprehensive performances of cracking resistance, impact resistance and the like of the concrete can be enhanced; the hydrophilic polypropylene skin core composite monofilament woven fabric used for trampoline, sports vamp, dust filtration, papermaking and the like improves the antistatic performance of products, omits the procedures of adding antistatic master batch and antistatic after-finishing on the woven fabric in the spinning process, improves the performance and reduces the production cost.
The hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament provided by the embodiment provides a wider application range and has better hydrophilic performance.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament is characterized in that a sheath material is hydrophilic modified polypropylene, a double-screw extruder is adopted to prepare the hydrophilic modified polypropylene,
the double-screw extruder comprises a main feeding port and at least three side feeding ports, wherein the main feeding port is used for feeding polypropylene master batch and compatilizer, and the side feeding ports are used for feeding hydrophilic agent and anti-aging agent.
2. The preparation method of the hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the hydrophilic modified polypropylene comprises the following steps:
feeding 44-85 parts by mass of polypropylene master batch and 5-10 parts by mass of compatilizer into the main feeding port,
feeding 6-8 parts by mass of age resister into a first side feeding port,
feeding 2-20 parts by mass of a first hydrophilic agent into a second side feeding port,
feeding 2-20 parts by mass of a second hydrophilic agent into a third side feeding port for melt extrusion, cooling and air drying.
3. The method for preparing hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament according to claim 1, wherein the compatilizer is maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene; the second hydrophilic agent and the second hydrophilic agent are one or more of hydrophilic graphene oxide, modified nano silicon dioxide and polyethylene glycol.
4. The preparation method of the hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the screw of the twin-screw extruder is 120-.
5. The preparation method of the hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core material is polypropylene master batch, and the sheath material and the core material are subjected to composite spinning through a composite spinning manifold, and then are cooled, stretched and shaped to form the hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament.
6. The method for preparing hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the sheath spinning screw in the spinning manifold is 260-270 ℃, the temperature of the sheath spinning manifold is 270 ℃, the temperature of the core spinning screw is 280-290 ℃, and the temperature of the core spinning manifold is 280 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling manner is liquid cooling, and the cooling liquid comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 3-5 parts of dicyanodiamide and 93-96 parts of water.
8. The preparation method of the hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stretching mode is two-stage stretching, the first stage is water bath stretching, the water bath stretching temperature is 75-95 ℃,
the second stage is hot air stretching, and the hot air stretching temperature is 120-150 ℃.
9. The method for preparing hydrophilic polypropylene sheath-core composite monofilament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the setting manner is hot air setting, and the hot air setting temperature is 150-180 ℃.
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