CN113773805A - Dry-wet combined production process for superhard material grinding material - Google Patents
Dry-wet combined production process for superhard material grinding material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113773805A CN113773805A CN202111094545.XA CN202111094545A CN113773805A CN 113773805 A CN113773805 A CN 113773805A CN 202111094545 A CN202111094545 A CN 202111094545A CN 113773805 A CN113773805 A CN 113773805A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
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Abstract
The invention discloses a superhard material abrasive dry-wet combination production process, which relates to the technical field of superhard material production processes and mainly comprises the following steps: taking a coarse-grained grinding material as a raw material, and crushing to obtain a mixture; then, putting the mixture into an acid solution for washing, taking filter residues, and washing with water to obtain a pickling material; separating the acid-washed materials by using an overflow device to obtain semi-finished grinding materials and crushed fine materials; controlling water in the semi-finished grinding material, drying and screening to obtain a coarse stub bar, a finished grinding material and a screened fine material, wherein the coarse stub bar is mixed into the coarse-grained grinding material to be used as a raw material; controlling water and drying the crushed fine materials, crushing the screened fine materials, mixing the crushed fine materials and the screened fine materials, and processing the mixture into balls to obtain a shaping material; then carrying out pre-grading, and boiling acid and washing to obtain impurity removing materials; and finally, classifying and drying to obtain finished micro powder with different particle size ranges.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superhard material production processes, in particular to a superhard material abrasive dry-wet combination production process.
Background
The abrasive is a sharp and hard material and is used for grinding the surface of a softer material, the abrasive comprises two categories of natural abrasive and artificial abrasive, the two categories of superhard abrasive and common abrasive are classified according to hardness, the application range of the abrasive is wide, the abrasive is from softer household detergent, gem abrasive to the hardest material diamond, the abrasive is indispensable for manufacturing each precision product, the performance of the natural abrasive is not stable except the diamond, but the use value of the natural abrasive is still high, and the diamond is the abrasive with the highest hardness at present.
In the production process of the superhard abrasive, the particle size distribution of the finished abrasive is close to a normal distribution curve but does not contain the particle size range of a micropowder grade, the superhard material micropowder is obtained after the primary abrasive is reprocessed, and the superhard material micropowder mainly refers to diamond micropowder and cubic boron nitride micropowder, is used as a novel superhard superfine abrasive, has unpreferable grinding capacity, and can be widely applied to the fields of cutting, grinding, drilling, grinding and polishing and the like.
However, the existing single grinding material processing link does not have the capacity and conditions for producing the superhard material micropowder, the terminal micropowder processing inevitably causes the waste of available grinding materials, and the traditional superhard material micropowder processing mainly comprises the steps of crushing and shaping the primary grinding materials, removing impurities, and carrying out siphon classification, so that the production mode is single, and the production period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the process for producing the superhard material micropowder by the dry-wet combination method can produce the superhard material micropowder while producing the superhard material grinding material, and improves the utilization rate of raw materials.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a superhard material abrasive dry-wet combination production process comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a coarse-grained grinding material as a raw material, and crushing by using an airflow mill to obtain a mixture;
(2) putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into an acid solution, stirring and soaking the mixture for 1-3 hours, filtering the mixture, taking filter residue, washing the filter residue for a plurality of times by using water until the pH value of wastewater obtained by the last washing is more than or equal to 7.0, and obtaining a pickling material;
(3) separating the acid-washed material obtained in the step (2) according to the particle size by using an overflow device to obtain a semi-finished product grinding material and a crushed fine material, controlling water in the semi-finished product grinding material, then putting the semi-finished product grinding material into a blast drying box for drying, screening the dried semi-finished product grinding material by using screening equipment, and dividing the semi-finished product grinding material into a coarse stub bar, a finished product grinding material and a screened fine material according to the particle size, wherein the coarse stub bar is mixed into the coarse-grained grinding material in the step (1) to be used as a raw material;
(4) controlling water in the crushed fine materials obtained in the step (3), then putting the crushed fine materials into a blast drying box for drying, crushing the screened fine materials obtained in the step (3) by using an air flow mill, then mixing the dried crushed fine materials with the crushed screened fine materials, and processing the mixture into balls by using a shaping machine to obtain shaped materials;
(5) pre-grading the shaping material obtained in the step (4) by using a grading machine, dividing the shaping material into 3-6 particle size sections, and then boiling acid and washing to obtain impurity-removed material;
(6) and (5) classifying the impurity-removed material obtained in the step (5) by using siphon classification equipment, and drying to obtain finished micro powder with different particle size ranges.
Preferably, the grain size of the coarse-grained grinding material in the step (1) is not less than 270 meshes, the coarse-grained grinding material is diamond or cubic boron nitride, the crushing pressure is 0.4-0.5 MPa, and the 170-mesh sieving rate of the mixture is not less than 95%.
Preferably, the acidic solution in step (2) is a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 30-36%.
Preferably, in step (3), the particle size of the semi-finished abrasive is not less than 60 microns, and the particle size of the crushed fine material is less than 60 microns.
Preferably, in the step (3), the particle size of the coarse stub bar is not smaller than 270 meshes, the particle size of the finished abrasive is not smaller than 270 meshes and not smaller than 500 meshes, and the particle size of the fine screening material is smaller than 500 meshes.
Preferably, in the step (3), the overflow device is an overflow cylinder, a discharge port and a water inlet are arranged at the bottom of the overflow cylinder, a valve is arranged at the discharge port, an overflow groove is arranged at the top of the overflow cylinder, the overflow groove protrudes out of the upper edge of the overflow cylinder, and a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the overflow groove.
Preferably, in the step (5), the acid boiling process comprises the following specific steps:
adding acid liquor into the pre-classified shaping material, mixing and stirring uniformly, heating to boil, continuing to boil for 3 hours, naturally cooling, and diluting to be neutral.
Preferably, in the step (3), the overflow device uses purified water with conductivity lower than 10 μ s/cm as a water source.
Preferably, the overflow cylinder is funnel-shaped.
Preferably, the acid solution is a mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid, and the volume ratio of the mixed solution to the perchloric acid is 6:2: 1.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the production process is suitable for processing and producing the coarse-grained abrasive, and simultaneously, the byproduct fine materials are used as raw materials to process and produce the superhard material micropowder, so that the production supply of the coarse-grained abrasive is met, high-quality raw materials are provided for the production and processing of the superhard material micropowder, and the maximum benefit of the product is ensured;
(2) the production process uses the by-product of the coarse-grained grinding material as the raw material for producing the micro-powder, saves resources, improves the yield of finished products, reduces material loss, greatly improves the product yield, can by-produce about 10% of diamond micro-powder products when producing the diamond grinding material, can by-produce about 14% of cubic boron nitride micro-powder products when producing the cubic boron nitride grinding material, and obviously improves the utilization rate of the raw material;
(3) the production process adopts the dry separation equipment and the overflow separation equipment for pre-classification, has high degree of mechanization, and is suitable for the requirement of large-scale mass production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the overflow device.
Fig. 3 is a photomicrograph of the finished diamond abrasive.
Fig. 4 is a microphotograph of the diamond finished product micro powder.
Fig. 5 is a photomicrograph of the finished cubic boron nitride abrasive.
Fig. 6 is a microphotograph of the cubic boron nitride finished product micropowder.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The specific implementation of the production process of the super-hard material grinding material by dry-wet combination is described below by taking diamond and cubic boron nitride as examples to produce finished grinding materials and finished micro powder.
Example 1
Preparing a finished product of the grinding material:
(1) taking diamond particles with the particle size not less than 270 meshes as a raw material, and crushing by using an airflow mill, wherein the crushing pressure is 0.4MPa, and the crushing rate is not less than 95% when the diamond particles are processed to 170 meshes, so as to obtain a mixture.
(2) And (2) putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 30%, stirring and soaking the mixture for 2 hours, filtering the mixture, taking the filter residue, washing the filter residue for a plurality of times by using water until the pH value of wastewater obtained by the last washing is more than or equal to 7.0, and obtaining the pickling material.
(3) Separating the acid-washed material obtained in the step (2) according to the particle size by using an overflow device shown in fig. 2, wherein as shown in fig. 2, a discharge port and a water inlet are arranged at the bottom of an overflow cylinder, a valve is arranged at the discharge port, an overflow groove is arranged at the top of the overflow cylinder, the overflow groove protrudes out of the upper edge of the overflow cylinder, a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the overflow groove, purified water with the conductivity lower than 10 mus/cm is injected from the water inlet at the bottom of the overflow cylinder when in use, particles with the particle size smaller than 60 micrometers flow into the uppermost overflow groove along with water flow, and finally flow out from the discharge port on the overflow groove to obtain crushed fine materials, and the yield is 5.4%; accumulating the particles with the particle size not less than 60 microns in the overflow cylinder, and finally discharging from a discharge outlet at the bottom to obtain a semi-finished product abrasive; controlling water in the semi-finished product grinding material, then placing the semi-finished product grinding material into a forced air drying box for drying, screening the dried semi-finished product grinding material by using screening equipment, and dividing the semi-finished product grinding material into coarse grinding heads (the grain diameter is not less than 270 meshes), finished product grinding materials (the grain diameter is 500-270 meshes) and screened fine grinding materials (the grain diameter is less than 500 meshes) according to the grain diameters, wherein the yield of the coarse grinding heads is 6.5%, the yield of the finished product grinding materials is 82.1%, the yield of the screened fine grinding materials is 5.1%, adding the crushed fine grinding materials, the total yield is 99.1%, and the coarse grinding heads are mixed into the coarse-grained grinding materials in the step (1) to be used as raw materials.
Preparing finished micro powder:
(4) and (3) controlling water in the crushed fine materials obtained in the step (3), then putting the crushed fine materials into a blast drying oven for drying, crushing the screened fine materials obtained in the step (3) by using an air flow mill, then mixing the dried crushed fine materials with the crushed screened fine materials, and processing the mixture into balls by using a shaping machine to obtain shaped materials.
(5) And (3) pre-grading the shaping material obtained in the step (4) by using a classifier, dividing the shaping material into 6 particle size sections (see table 1), adding an acid solution into the pre-graded shaping material, wherein the acid solution is a mixed solution prepared by concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid according to the volume ratio of 6:2:1, mixing and stirring uniformly, heating to boil, continuously boiling for 3 hours, naturally cooling after the boiling, diluting to be neutral, and washing to obtain the impurity-removing material.
TABLE 1 Pre-grading particle size distribution (Diamond)
(6) And (3) reclassifying the impurity-removed material obtained in the step (5) by using siphon classification equipment (see table 2), drying to obtain finished micro powder with different particle size ranges, and calculating the total yield of the finished micro powder to be 10.2% according to the raw material amount used in the step (1).
TABLE 2 sub-grading particle size distribution (Diamond)
Comparing the data in tables 1 and 2, the proportion of the micro powder with the granularity of 20.5-64 mu m is increased after reclassification, and the proportion of the micro powder with the granularity of less than 20.5 mu m is reduced.
Example 2
Preparing a finished product of the grinding material:
(1) taking cubic boron nitride particles with the particle size not less than 270 meshes as a raw material, and crushing by using an airflow mill, wherein the crushing pressure is 0.5MPa, and the crushing rate is not less than 95% when the cubic boron nitride particles are processed to 170 meshes, so as to obtain a mixture.
(2) And (2) putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 36%, stirring and soaking the mixture for 1 hour, filtering the mixture, taking the filter residue, washing the filter residue for a plurality of times by using water until the pH value of wastewater obtained by the last washing is more than or equal to 7.0, and obtaining the pickling material.
(3) Separating the acid-washed material obtained in the step (2) according to the particle size by using an overflow device shown in fig. 2, wherein as shown in fig. 2, a discharge port and a water inlet are arranged at the bottom of an overflow cylinder, a valve is arranged at the discharge port, an overflow groove is arranged at the top of the overflow cylinder, the overflow groove protrudes out of the upper edge of the overflow cylinder, a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the overflow groove, purified water with the conductivity lower than 10 mus/cm is injected from the water inlet at the bottom of the overflow cylinder when in use, particles with the particle size smaller than 60 micrometers flow into the uppermost overflow groove along with water flow, and finally flow out from the discharge port on the overflow groove to obtain crushed fine materials, and the yield is 6.7%; accumulating the particles with the particle size not less than 60 microns in the overflow cylinder, and finally discharging from a discharge outlet at the bottom to obtain a semi-finished product abrasive; controlling water in the semi-finished product grinding material, then placing the semi-finished product grinding material into a forced air drying box for drying, screening the dried semi-finished product grinding material by using screening equipment, and dividing the semi-finished product grinding material into coarse grinding heads (the grain diameter is not less than 270 meshes), finished product grinding materials (the grain diameter is 500-270 meshes) and screened fine grinding materials (the grain diameter is less than 500 meshes) according to the grain diameters, wherein the yield of the coarse grinding heads is 5.4%, the yield of the finished product grinding materials is 78.8%, the yield of the screened fine grinding materials is 7.9%, adding the crushed fine grinding materials, the total yield is 98.8%, and the coarse grinding heads are mixed into the coarse-grained grinding materials in the step (1) to be used as raw materials.
Preparing finished micro powder:
(4) and (3) controlling water in the crushed fine materials obtained in the step (3), then putting the crushed fine materials into a blast drying oven for drying, crushing the screened fine materials obtained in the step (3) by using an air flow mill, then mixing the dried crushed fine materials with the crushed screened fine materials, and processing the mixture into balls by using a shaping machine to obtain shaped materials.
(5) And (3) pre-grading the shaping material obtained in the step (4) by using a classifier, dividing into 3 particle size sections, adding an acid solution into the pre-graded shaping material, wherein the acid solution is a mixed solution prepared from concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid according to the volume ratio of 6:2:1, mixing and uniformly stirring, heating to boil, continuing to boil for 3 hours, naturally cooling after boiling, diluting to be neutral, and washing to obtain the impurity removing material.
TABLE 3 Pre-grading particle size distribution (cubic boron nitride)
(6) And (3) classifying the impurity-removed material obtained in the step (5) by using siphon classification equipment, drying to obtain finished micro powder with different particle size ranges, and calculating the total yield of the finished micro powder to be 14.4% according to the amount of the raw materials used in the step (1).
TABLE 4 sub-grading particle size distribution (cubic boron nitride)
Comparing the data in tables 3 and 4, the proportion of the micro powder with the granularity of 20.5-64 mu m is increased after reclassification, and the proportion of the micro powder with the granularity of less than 20.5 mu m is reduced; comparing the data in the tables 1 and 3, the proportion of the abrasive material with the granularity of 20.5-64 mu m in the diamond abrasive material after pre-grading is higher than that of cubic boron nitride; comparing the data in tables 2 and 4, the proportion of the abrasive with the granularity of 20.5-64 mu m in the diamond abrasive after reclassification is higher than that of the cubic boron nitride.
According to the data of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, when the finished product abrasive is produced by taking diamond as a raw material, 10.2% of finished product micro powder can be produced as a byproduct, 14.4% of finished product micro powder can be produced as a byproduct when the finished product abrasive is produced by taking cubic boron nitride as a raw material, the raw material of the finished product micro powder is from the byproduct in the production of the finished product abrasive, and the finished product micro powder cannot be used for the production of the finished product abrasive, and is often treated as waste residue with extremely low value in the traditional process, and the process utilizes the waste residue, so that the finished product micro powder with high added value is prepared, and the economic benefit is obviously increased.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A superhard material abrasive material dry-wet combination production process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking a coarse-grained grinding material as a raw material, and crushing by using an airflow mill to obtain a mixture;
putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into an acid solution, stirring and soaking the mixture for 1-3 hours, filtering the mixture, taking filter residue, washing the filter residue for a plurality of times by using water until the pH value of wastewater obtained by the last washing is more than or equal to 7.0, and obtaining a pickling material;
separating the acid-washed material obtained in the step (2) according to the particle size by using an overflow device to obtain a semi-finished product grinding material and a crushed fine material, controlling water in the semi-finished product grinding material, then putting the semi-finished product grinding material into a blast drying box for drying, screening the dried semi-finished product grinding material by using screening equipment, and dividing the semi-finished product grinding material into a coarse stub bar, a finished product grinding material and a screened fine material according to the particle size, wherein the coarse stub bar is mixed into the coarse-grained grinding material in the step (1) to be used as a raw material;
controlling water in the crushed fine materials obtained in the step (3), then putting the crushed fine materials into a blast drying box for drying, crushing the screened fine materials obtained in the step (3) by using an air flow mill, then mixing the dried crushed fine materials with the crushed screened fine materials, and processing the mixture into balls by using a shaping machine to obtain shaped materials;
pre-grading the shaping material obtained in the step (4) by using a grading machine, dividing the shaping material into 3-6 particle size sections, and then boiling acid and washing to obtain impurity-removed material;
and (5) classifying the impurity-removed material obtained in the step (5) by using siphon classification equipment, and drying to obtain finished micro powder with different particle size ranges.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the coarse-grained abrasive in step (1) has a grain size of not less than 270 meshes, the coarse-grained abrasive is diamond or cubic boron nitride, the crushing pressure is 0.4-0.5 MPa, and the 170-mesh screening rate of the mixture is not less than 95%.
3. The process for producing abrasives of superhard material according to claim 1, wherein the acidic solution in the step (2) is hydrochloric acid solution with concentration of 30-36%.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the grain size of the semi-finished abrasive is not less than 60 microns, and the grain size of the crushed fines is less than 60 microns.
5. The process for producing abrasives of superhard material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the grain size of the coarse bits is not less than 270 meshes, the grain size of the finished abrasives is not less than 270 meshes and not less than 500 meshes, and the grain size of the fine screen is less than 500 meshes.
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the overflow device is an overflow cylinder, a discharge port and a water inlet are formed in the bottom of the overflow cylinder, a valve is arranged at the discharge port, an overflow groove is formed in the top of the overflow cylinder, the overflow groove protrudes out of the upper edge of the overflow cylinder, and a discharge port is formed in the bottom of the overflow groove.
7. The process for producing ultra-hard material abrasive material by dry-wet combination according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the acid boiling process comprises the following specific steps:
adding acid liquor into the pre-classified shaping material, mixing and stirring uniformly, heating to boil, continuing to boil for 3 hours, naturally cooling, and diluting to be neutral.
8. The process of claim 1 or 6, wherein in the step (3), the overflow means uses purified water with conductivity lower than 10 μ s/cm as a water source.
9. The process of claim 6, wherein the overflow cylinder is funnel-shaped.
10. The process for producing an ultra-hard material abrasive material by dry-wet combination according to claim 7, wherein the acid solution is a mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid, and the volume ratio of the mixed solution to the perchloric acid is 6:2: 1.
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