CN113773665A - Preparation method of mycelium buffer material - Google Patents
Preparation method of mycelium buffer material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113773665A CN113773665A CN202111093205.5A CN202111093205A CN113773665A CN 113773665 A CN113773665 A CN 113773665A CN 202111093205 A CN202111093205 A CN 202111093205A CN 113773665 A CN113773665 A CN 113773665A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/16—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds the macromolecular compounds being biodegradable
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a mycelium buffer material, which comprises the following steps: pretreating and drying the corn straws to obtain a modified solid culture medium; culturing fungus to obtain mycelium; adding the mycelium into the modified solid culture medium for culture and drying to obtain a mycelium buffer material; wherein the pre-treatment comprises microwave treatment. According to the invention, through microwave pretreatment of the raw material corn straw, a waxy layer on the surface of the corn straw is removed, a rigid stubborn structure is damaged to a certain extent, the removal rate of lignin is improved, and more cellulose is exposed. In addition, after pretreatment, the number of micropores in the straw particles can be increased, the surfaces of the straws become rough, the contact area between the straws and hyphae is increased, the hyphae penetrate through the pore passages in the straw particles or the surfaces of the corn straw particles, scattered straw particles are better combined together, and the hypha matrix-corn straw buffer material becomes compact and compact.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a mycelium buffer material.
Background
In 1829, German extracted polystyrene from natural resin for the first time. In 1954, Dow started producing polystyrene foam. In recent years, polystyrene foams have been widely developed and used, and Heartwin et al have in 2008 extruded loose-fill packaging foams by mixing starch and Polystyrene (PS) in proportions of 70:30, 80:20 and 85:15 with 0.5% and 1% talc. Adding azodicarbonamide and citric acid as foaming agents to prepare the starch/polystyrene composite foaming material. Whereas polyvinyl alcohol fibers were made by wacker chemical company, germany, in the early 30 s of the 20 th century. As early as the 60 s, water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fibers produced by vinylon and Colorado, Japan, were put on the market. In 2012, Jun MU et al uniformly mixed water, PVA and corn starch to prepare corn starch glue. Then weighing hemp stalk powder, and adding calcium carbonate, benzoic acid, corn starch glue, plasticizer glycerol and foaming agent according to a proportion. Mixing and placing the mixture into a mould, extruding bubbles between the material and the mould, placing the mould into a microwave oven for foaming, and placing the mould into a constant-temperature drying box at 120 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the molded foaming buffering packaging material. On the basis of preparing the materials, the students also research the mechanical property, the buffer capacity and other properties of the materials, in 2018, Chang Zhi Pao et al use coconut shell powder as a filled foamed polystyrene wood-plastic composite material and research the influence of the polystyrene particle content and NaoH alkali treatment on the mechanical property and the water absorption property of the polystyrene/coconut shell powder wood-plastic composite material. The mechanical property of the wood-plastic composite material is improved and the water absorption property is reduced after the alkali treatment. Therefore, the polystyrene foam material and the polyvinyl alcohol fiber material have the advantages of good mechanical strength, excellent buffering performance, light weight, low cost and the like, and can be effectively used in various fields such as packaging, buildings and the like. However, the material brings convenience to life of people, and the characteristic of non-degradability of the material brings white pollution to the living environment of people, so that a novel environment-friendly material which is degradable, low in energy consumption and low in cost is urgent.
With the increasing demand for "green" materials and production processes, biodegradable materials are beginning to occupy the major market for global material consumption, however, their diversity is hampered by the high price and low performance. Therefore, new green and environmentally friendly materials need to be explored and developed. In the biological kingdom, fungal mycelia differentiated from fungal spores are a natural adhesive that can be wrapped around less valuable organic materials (such as plant stems or cotton hulls) to eventually form a dense network. By utilizing the characteristics, hypha of the fungus and natural fiber can be prepared into hypha-based buffer material together to replace the traditional buffer material, so that the utilization rate of crops and the degradation efficiency of the material are further improved. In 2008, the American ecovision Design LLC company has taken the lead to put forward the idea of using fungal hyphae as adhesive and using fibrous materials such as cotton seed hulls and cotton wool as culture medium to prepare hypha-fibrous materials, and applied for patent[31]. Thereafter, the mycelium-fiber material has been widely used in various fields such as construction, packaging, heat preservation, sound absorption, and the like. 2012, Holt et al prepared different fungal hypha composite materials according to the particle size of the cotton core and the cotton skin, and studied the performance of the materials, and found that the compressive strength range is 1.1-72 kPa. In 2015, the stress range of the fungal mycelium/hemp fiber composite material prepared by R.Lelivelt et al with the mycelium of Coriolus versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus at 10% strain is 24-93 KPa. In 2016, Wu Deng Wu et al, applied for patent, use cottonseed hull, bran, wood dust and other agricultural wastes as raw materials, pulverize, add quantitative nutrient substrate for mycelium growth, add fungus liquid strain into it, prepare degradable buffer material. Ziegler et al prepared biocomposites using different fiber-fungal strain combinations and evaluated their physical and mechanical properties and found that the compressive strength of the material reached up to 118kPa when the specimen was highly deformed by 60%. Meanwhile, J.A.L. Lopez Nava et al put the residual crop matrix inoculated with fungal hyphae into a wooden mold and seal-cultured for 30d to be shaped. Storing in an environment of 25 deg.C and 30% relative humidity until it can be coated with an edible film. The compressive strength and the flexural strength are respectively 20-60 kpa and 4.6-17.9 kpa. Whether EPS can be replaced must be further studied to evaluate the water absorption and biodegradability, but initiallyThe product is light enough to be used as food package or household appliance package material. In 2017, Attias N et al used saprophytic fungi to bind and digest the natural ability of cellulose, inoculated onto different local agricultural growth wastes, and prepared a fungus-substrate combination suitable for the fields of construction and industrial design. The samples were tested for pH, conductivity, water, carbon and nitrogen content, hyphal growth rate, density, quality, and the like. It was found that hyphal growth consumed water and also organic matter, and that pH had an effect on hyphal growth. Meanwhile, the fungus hypha-based biological foam material is prepared by Zhaohui Yang and the like by using white rot fungi, wood pulp, millet, wheat bran, natural fibers, calcium sulfate and the like, the elastic modulus, the compressive strength and the like of the densely piled materials are the highest after the raw materials are mixed, and the average compressive strength is 350KPa-570 KPa. In 2018, summer allergy and the like use fungus hypha as a bonding substance to bond wood chips to prepare a hypha-wood chip biomass composite material, and research on the tensile strength, static bending strength and internal bonding strength of the material, and the internal bonding strength of the medium-density fiberboard is found to be 0.632 MPa. In 2019, A.Carlton et al prepared a mycelial growth medium from 15% crude protein, 33% non-fibrous carbohydrate, 28% lignin and 14% crude fat, and infused with fungal mycelial under vacuum to prepare a biological plate, which was soaked with an additive. The biological board is used for food shelves and is patented. The Cl' audio Brusacato et al uses large-scale fungi of russula vinosa, pleurotus nebrodensis and shiitake, mixes with wheat particles, wheat bran, calcium carbonate and the like, inoculates in a glass jar, incubates for 15 days at 24 ℃, and prepares the biological foam material. Wherein the biological foam of the russula vinosa and the flammulina velutipes obtains a compressive strength of 1.3MPa, and the buffering performance is increased along with the increase of the fiber content. Meanwhile, the oyster mushroom mycelium-corn straw cushion packaging material is prepared in a laboratory by taking corn straws as a main raw material, so that the traditional polystyrene foam is effectively replaced, and a new solution way is opened up for the comprehensive utilization of agricultural byproduct resources. Experiments have found that after 20 days of incubation, the compressive strength can reach 106.68kPa at 10% strain, which is much higher than that of polystyrene (EPS) material, but the rebound rate is about 38%, which is only 2/3% of that of polystyrene material. Valued in 2020, monkey board was used for LihongxiaThe stool strain, the rice hull and the soybean hull are compounded to prepare the biomass packaging material, and the material is patented and has antibacterial and mildewproof effects. The material can be used for waste utilization, is biodegradable, and has simple preparation process and low cost. However, the resilience, energy absorption efficiency, and compressive strength of the material need to be improved, and some require a longer culture period due to the biological growth characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a mycelium buffer material.
Specifically, the present invention relates to the following aspects:
1. a preparation method of a mycelium buffer material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pretreating and drying the corn straws to obtain a modified solid culture medium;
adding mycelium of fungus into the modified solid culture medium, culturing and drying to obtain a mycelium buffer material;
wherein the pre-treatment comprises microwave treatment.
2. The production method according to item 1, wherein the pretreatment may further include one or both of a water-soaking treatment and a chemical treatment, preferably the pretreatment includes a water-soaking treatment, a microwave treatment and a chemical treatment, and further preferably the pretreatment includes a water-soaking treatment, a microwave treatment and a chemical treatment in this order.
3. The preparation method according to item 1, wherein the microwave treatment power is 700- & lt 900 & gt W, and the microwave treatment time is 2-4 minutes.
4. The preparation method according to item 2, wherein the water soaking refers to soaking the corn stalks in water for 5 minutes or more, preferably 10 minutes or more, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the corn stalks to the water is 1:5-1:10 g/mL.
5. The method according to item 2, wherein in the chemical treatment, the corn stover is treated with CaO for 12 to 48 hours.
6. The preparation method according to the item 5, wherein the CaO accounts for 1-3% of the corn stover by mass.
7. The method according to item 1, wherein the mass ratio of the mycelium to the modified solid medium is 10 to 35%, and the mycelium is preferably added to the modified solid medium and cultured under conditions of 20 to 29 ℃ for 10 to 30 days.
8. The method according to item 1, wherein the fungus is one or more selected from the group consisting of enoki mushroom, oyster mushroom and shiitake mushroom.
9. A hypha buffering material produced by the production method according to any one of items 1 to 8.
10. A product comprising the hypha cushioning material prepared by the preparation method of any one of items 1 to 8, preferably the product is a packaging material, a cushion pad, a heat insulation pad, or a heat insulation board.
According to the invention, through microwave pretreatment of the raw material corn straw, a waxy layer on the surface of the corn straw is removed, a rigid stubborn structure is damaged to a certain extent, the removal rate of lignin is improved, and more cellulose is exposed. In addition, after pretreatment, the number of micropores in the straw particles can be increased, the surfaces of the straws become rough, the contact area with hyphae is increased, the hyphae pass through the pore passages in the straw particles or on the surfaces of the corn straw particles and continuously generate branches to form a three-dimensional reticular structure, scattered straw particles are better combined together, and the hypha matrix-corn straw buffer material becomes compact and compact. Thus, the material prepared by pretreatment has obviously higher compression strength, energy absorption efficiency, rebound rate and unit volume deformation energy than the buffer material and some fiber reinforced composite materials prepared under the untreated condition, even the compression strength and the unit volume deformation energy are better than the polystyrene buffer material, and the rebound rate and the energy absorption efficiency are close to the polystyrene buffer material. Can replace some buffer materials which have adverse effects on the environment.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in experimental or practical applications, the materials and methods are described below. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control, and the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of a mycelium buffer material, which comprises the following steps: pretreating and drying the corn straws to obtain a modified solid culture medium; adding mycelium of fungus into the modified solid culture medium, culturing and drying to obtain a mycelium buffer material; wherein the pre-treatment comprises microwave treatment.
The crop straw has a complex organic polymer crystal structure, and a waxy layer and a plurality of rigid structures are arranged on the surface of the crop straw. The biomass degradation material mainly comprises three main components, namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, in plant cell walls, the three components are mutually crosslinked with carbohydrates and the like to form a hard lignin-carbohydrate combination, so that the biomass degradation rate is reduced by half, the exposure of the cellulose in the material and the friendly contact of corn straws and hyphae are seriously hindered, and the performance of the material is influenced to a certain extent. Therefore, the straw can be hydrolyzed through pretreatment, a recalcitrant structure of the straw is broken, lignin is effectively removed, and friendly combination of hypha and materials is promoted through surface modification of fibers, so that the hypha base buffer material with higher performance is prepared.
The microwave pretreatment is a novel lignocellulose degradation and conversion method, and electromagnetic waves are used for irradiating a sample to enable molecules to reach an activated state in a short time. Under the action of the alternating frequency magnetic field and the electric field, the orientation of the internal polar molecules changes along with the change of the direction of the electric field, so that the molecules rotate, vibrate or swing, the movement of the reactant molecules is aggravated, the reactant molecules collide frequently, the microwave field energy is converted into the heat energy of a medium, the temperature of the sample is raised, and a series of physical and chemical reactions such as thermal cracking can be realized. The microwave treatment of lignin is a novel lignin digestion method and is widely applied in recent years. But most of the methods are used for improving the enzymolysis rate, the structure, the saccharification rate and some chemical industrial purposes of lignocellulose, and the invention uses microwave pretreatment of raw materials to improve the performance of the biomass composite buffer material.
In a specific embodiment, the power of the microwave in the microwave treatment is 700-900W, for example, 700W, 750W, 800W, 850W, 900W, and the microwave treatment time is 2-4 minutes, for example, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes.
Further, the pretreatment includes one or both of a water immersion treatment and a chemical treatment in addition to the microwave treatment. That is, the pretreatment may include microwave treatment and water immersion treatment, or two steps of microwave treatment and chemical treatment, or three steps of microwave treatment, water immersion treatment and chemical treatment. Preferably, the pretreatment includes a water-soaking treatment, a microwave treatment and a chemical treatment. In the above pretreatment comprising two steps or three steps, the respective steps may be carried out sequentially, or two or three of them may be carried out simultaneously. For example, when the microwave treatment and the water immersion treatment are performed, the pretreatment may be performed in a step of performing the water immersion treatment and then performing the microwave treatment, or may be performed in a step of performing the water immersion treatment and the microwave treatment simultaneously. When the method comprises three steps of microwave treatment, water soaking treatment and chemical treatment, the three steps can be sequentially carried out in any order, and any two or three of the three steps can be simultaneously carried out.
Preferably, the pretreatment comprises water soaking treatment, microwave treatment and chemical treatment in sequence, namely the pretreatment comprises the steps of water soaking treatment, microwave treatment and chemical treatment after the microwave treatment.
Wherein the water soaking refers to soaking the corn straws in water. In a specific embodiment, the time of the water immersion treatment is 5 minutes or more, preferably 10 minutes or more, and may be, for example, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, 16 minutes, 17 minutes, 18 minutes, 19 minutes, or 20 minutes.
In a specific embodiment, the mass-to-volume ratio of the corn stover to water is 1:5 to 1:10g/mL, and may be, for example, 1:5g/mL, 1:6g/mL, 1:7g/mL, 1:8g/mL, 1:9g/mL, or 1:10 g/mL.
The corn straw is processed into corn straw sections or corn straw particles with certain sizes, and the sizes of the corn straw sections or the corn straw particles can be adjusted according to actual application requirements. In one embodiment, the corn stover is corn stover particles having a size of 10 to 200 mesh.
The chemical treatment refers to the treatment of the corn straws by using a chemical reagent. When the pretreatment sequentially comprises water soaking treatment, microwave treatment and chemical treatment, the chemical treatment is to filter the corn straws subjected to the microwave treatment to remove water and then use a chemical reagent for treatment. Wherein, the chemical reagent can be in the form of solid or solution.
In one embodiment, the chemical agent used is CaO solids, preferably in an amount of 1-3% by mass of the corn stover, i.e. 1-3% by dry weight of the added corn stover, e.g. 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%. In one embodiment, the chemical treatment is carried out for a period of 12 to 48 hours.
And drying the pretreated corn straws, and performing air drying preservation when the surface humidity of the corn straws is low to obtain the modified solid culture medium.
The mycelium of the fungus is previously cultured, and the step of culturing the fungus to obtain the mycelium can be carried out by a culturing method which is conventional in the art. In a specific embodiment, the fungus is selected from one or more of flammulina velutipes, pleurotus ostreatus and lentinus edodes. For cultivating fungiThe culture medium of the mycelium can be adjusted accordingly according to the fungus to be cultured. In a specific embodiment, the fungus to be cultivated is enoki mushroom and the culture medium used is prepared by: boiling potato 200g/L (to obtain filtrate), KH2PO4 1g、MgSO4·7H20.5g of O, 0.1g of NaCl, 20g of corn flour and 2g of soybean flour, setting the volume to 1L, naturally adjusting the pH value, sterilizing at 115 ℃ for 20min, and preparing a culture medium.
In a particular embodiment, the fungus to be cultivated is oyster mushroom and the culture medium used is prepared by: 200g/L of potato (boiled to obtain filtrate), KH2PO 41 g, MgSO4 & 7H2O 0.5g, NaCl 0.1g, corn flour 20g, peptone 2g, and constant volume to 1L, adjusting pH to neutral, sterilizing at 115 deg.C for 20min, and making into culture medium.
In a specific embodiment, the fungus to be cultivated is shiitake mushroom and the culture medium used is prepared by: boiling potato 200g/L (to obtain filtrate), KH2PO4 1g、MgSO4·7H20.5g of O, 0.1g of NaCl, 20g of corn flour and 10g of soybean flour, adjusting the volume to 1L, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, sterilizing at 115 ℃ for 20min, and preparing a culture medium.
In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the mycelium to the modified solid medium is 10-35%, for example, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%. Wherein the mass of mycelium is the sum of the masses of all types of mycelium. For example, when preparing a mycelium using enoki mushroom and shiitake mushroom, the mass of the mycelium is the sum of the mass of the mycelium produced by enoki mushroom and the mass of the mycelium produced by shiitake mushroom.
In a specific embodiment, the mycelium is added to the modified solid medium for culturing under conditions of 20 ℃ to 29 ℃ for 10 to 30 days.
The invention also provides a hypha buffer material prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also provides a product which comprises the hypha buffering material prepared by the preparation method. The product can be various types of buffer packaging materials, buffer pads, heat insulation pads or heat insulation boards and the like. According to the microwave-treated corn straw, firstly, the waxy layer on the surface of the corn straw is removed through electromagnetic wave pyrolysis, the rigid stubborn structure is damaged to a certain extent, the delignification process of the corn straw is accelerated, and more cellulose is exposed. Secondly, after pretreatment, the number of micropores in the straw particles can be increased, the surface roughness of the straw can be increased, hypha passes through the pore passages in the straw particles or is wound on the surface of the corn straw particles to generate branches, and scattered straw particles are effectively combined together, so that the hypha matrix-corn straw buffer material becomes compact and compact. Therefore, the compression strength, the energy absorption efficiency, the rebound rate and the unit volume deformation energy of the material prepared by pretreatment are all obviously improved.
Further, by controlling the specific conditions of the method, the hypha buffer material obtained by the preparation method can obtain the best performance, particularly the microwave power in the microwave treatment is controlled to be 500-900W, the microwave treatment time is 2-4 minutes, the corn straws are soaked in water for more than or equal to 5 minutes, preferably more than or equal to 10 minutes, and the corn straws after the microwave treatment are treated by CaO, so that the stress value of the hypha buffer material obtained when 10% is between 73.27 and 127.36KPa, the rebound rate is between 42 and 53 percent, and the buffer coefficient is between 0.19 and 0.28.
Examples
Example 1
(1) Preparation of modified solid Medium
Fresh and mildew-free 400g corn straw (10-200 meshes) is subpackaged into 500mL beakers, deionized water is added according to the proportion of 1:10(g/mL), the mixture is stirred to be homogeneous, an experimental-grade film is used for sealing and pricking micropores, and the mixture is soaked for 10 min. The sample was then placed in a microwave oven and irradiated at 900W for 3 min. And filtering the sample subjected to the microwave treatment to remove water, adding 8g of CaO solid powder, uniformly mixing, standing, and carrying out chemical treatment for 24 hours.
And (3) drying the sample after the chemical treatment in a 60 ℃ oven, and air-drying and storing the sample when the surface humidity of the corn straw is low to obtain the modified solid culture medium.
(2) Preparation of mycelia
Mixing potato with water200g/L (boiling to obtain filtrate), KH2PO4 1g、MgSO4·7H20.5g of O, 0.1g of NaCl, 20g of corn flour and 2g of soybean flour, setting the volume to 1L, naturally adjusting the pH value, sterilizing at 115 ℃ for 20min, and preparing a culture medium. After the medium had cooled to room temperature, needle mushroom strains (commercially available) were inoculated into the liquid medium using an inoculating needle on a clean bench. Then culturing in shaking table at 28 deg.C for 8 days with shaking rotation speed of 160r/min, and filtering to remove liquid culture medium to obtain mycelium.
(3) Preparation of hypha buffer Material
Taking 50g of the modified solid culture medium prepared in the step (1), inoculating the fungal mycelia obtained in the step (2) on an ultra-clean workbench, wherein the inoculation amount is 25% of the mass of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, then putting the mixture into a sterile glass tube mold, slightly pressing the mixture to 60mm, putting the mixture into a constant-temperature incubator at 26-28 ℃ for dark culture for 15 days, pressing the biological composite material to 50mm under a sterile condition, and continuing the dark culture. And when the straw particles are completely wrapped by the mycelia, taking out the material, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the hypha buffer material.
Examples 2 to 3
Examples 2-3 differ from example 1 only in the soaking time after the corn stover was added to the deionized water in step (1). Wherein, the soaking time in the embodiment 2 is 5min, and the soaking time in the embodiment 3 is 2 min.
Examples 4 to 6
Examples 4 to 6 differ from example 1 only in the microwave power at which the sample was placed in the microwave oven in step (1). Wherein, the microwave power is 900W in example 4, the soaking time is 500W in example 5, and the soaking time is 300W in example 6.
Examples 7 to 9
Examples 7 to 9 differ from example 1 only in the time of microwave treatment for placing the sample in the microwave oven in step (1). The microwave treatment time in example 7 was 2min, the microwave treatment time in example 8 was 7min, and the microwave treatment time in example 9 was 1 min.
Example 10
Example 10 differs from example 1 only in the reagent for chemically treating the sample in step (1). The chemical treatment reagent used in example 10 was 2% NaOH solids by dry weight of straw, i.e., 8g NaOH solids.
Example 11
The difference between the embodiment 11 and the embodiment 1 is that in the step (1), the corn stalks are not soaked, but directly subjected to microwave treatment, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of modified solid Medium
Fresh and mildew-free 400g corn stalks (10-200 mesh) are subpackaged into 500mL beakers, deionized water is added according to the proportion of 1:10(g/mL), the mixture is stirred to be homogeneous, experimental-grade films are used for sealing, and micropores are pricked. The sample was then placed in a microwave oven and irradiated at 900W for 3 min. And filtering the sample subjected to the microwave treatment to remove water, adding 8g of CaO solid powder, uniformly mixing, standing, and carrying out chemical treatment for 24 hours.
And (3) drying the sample after the chemical treatment in a 60 ℃ oven, and air-drying and storing the sample when the surface humidity of the corn straw is low to obtain the modified solid culture medium.
Example 12
Example 12 differs from example 1 in that in step (1), the corn stover is not chemically treated, as follows:
(1) preparation of modified solid Medium
Fresh and mildew-free 400g corn straw (10-200 meshes) is subpackaged into 500mL beakers, deionized water is added according to the proportion of 1:10(g/mL), the mixture is stirred to be homogeneous, an experimental-grade film is used for sealing and pricking micropores, and the mixture is soaked for 10 min. The sample was then placed in a microwave oven and irradiated at 900W for 3 min.
And (3) drying the sample subjected to microwave treatment in a 60 ℃ oven, and air-drying and storing the sample when the surface humidity of the corn straw is low to obtain the modified solid culture medium.
Example 13
The difference between the embodiment 13 and the embodiment 1 is that in the step (1), the corn stalks are not subjected to soaking treatment and chemical treatment, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of modified solid Medium
Fresh and mildew-free 400g corn stalks (10-200 mesh) are subpackaged into 500mL beakers, deionized water is added according to the proportion of 1:10(g/mL), the mixture is stirred to be homogeneous, experimental-grade films are used for sealing, and micropores are pricked. The sample was then placed in a microwave oven and irradiated at 900W for 3 min.
And (3) drying the sample subjected to microwave treatment in a 60 ℃ oven, and air-drying and storing the sample when the surface humidity of the corn straw is low to obtain the modified solid culture medium.
Example 14
Example 14 is different from example 1 in that in step (2), the prepared mycelium is oyster mushroom mycelium, and the specific steps are as follows:
200g/L of potato (boiled to obtain filtrate), KH2PO 41 g, MgSO4 & 7H2O 0.5g, NaCl 0.1g, corn flour 20g, peptone 2g, and constant volume to 1L, adjusting pH to neutral, sterilizing at 115 deg.C for 20min, and making into culture medium. After the medium was cooled to room temperature, oyster mushroom spawn (commercially available) was inoculated to the liquid medium with an inoculating needle on a clean bench. Then, the cells were cultured on a shaker at 28 ℃ for 7 days at a shaking speed of 160 r/min.
Example 15
Example 15 is different from example 1 in that in the step (5), the prepared mycelium is shiitake mushroom mycelium, and the specific steps are as follows:
boiling potato 200g/L (to obtain filtrate), KH2PO4 1g、MgSO4·7H20.5g of O, 0.1g of NaCl, 20g of corn flour and 10g of soybean flour, adjusting the volume to 1L, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, sterilizing at 115 ℃ for 20min, and preparing a culture medium. After the medium had cooled to room temperature, mushroom strains (commercially available) were inoculated into the liquid medium using an inoculating needle on a clean bench. Then, the cells were cultured on a shaker at 28 ℃ for 7 days at a shaking speed of 160 r/min.
The main conditions of the above examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Test examples
The performance test of the hypha cushioning material prepared in the above embodiment is carried out according to the method of GB/T8168-2008 packing cushioning material static compression test, QB/T1649-1992 polystyrene foam plastic packing material.
The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
The stress value at 10% is a stress value at a distance of compressing the hypha cushion material by 10% of the thickness of the hypha cushion material, the spring rate is a rate of high recovery of the material after removal of the compressive stress at a compression amount of 50%, the cushioning efficiency is a ratio of the stress to the strain energy, and the cushioning coefficient at a compressive stress of 0.56MPa is shown in table 2.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a mycelium buffer material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pretreating and drying the corn straws to obtain a modified solid culture medium;
adding mycelium of fungus into the modified solid culture medium, culturing and drying to obtain a mycelium buffer material;
wherein the pre-treatment comprises microwave treatment.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment further comprises one or both of a water soaking treatment and a chemical treatment, preferably the pretreatment comprises a water soaking treatment, a microwave treatment and a chemical treatment, and further preferably the pretreatment comprises a water soaking treatment, a microwave treatment and a chemical treatment in sequence.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microwave power in the microwave treatment is 700-900W, and the microwave treatment time is 2-4 minutes.
4. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the water soaking is to soak the corn stalks in water for 5 minutes or more, preferably 10 minutes or more, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the corn stalks to the water is 1:5-1:10 g/mL.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the chemical treatment is performed on the corn stover with CaO for 12 to 48 hours.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the CaO is present in an amount of 1-3% by mass based on the mass of the corn stover.
7. The method for preparing the mycelium of the microorganism of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the mycelium to the modified solid medium is 10 to 35%, and the mycelium is preferably added to the modified solid medium and cultured under the conditions of 20 to 29 ℃ for 10 to 30 days.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fungus is one or more selected from the group consisting of enoki mushroom, oyster mushroom and shiitake mushroom.
9. A hypha buffering material produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An article comprising the hyphal cushioning material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-8, preferably the article is a packaging material, a cushioning pad, a heat insulation pad, or a heat insulation board.
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