CN113771457A - 一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113771457A
CN113771457A CN202111036295.4A CN202111036295A CN113771457A CN 113771457 A CN113771457 A CN 113771457A CN 202111036295 A CN202111036295 A CN 202111036295A CN 113771457 A CN113771457 A CN 113771457A
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bearing structure
buckling
filaments
composite material
flexible composite
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郑磊
陈思
郭杰
苏峰
易怀强
盖世伟
罗兰
武国军
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Inner Mongolia Synthetic Chemical Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明涉及复合材料领域，具体涉及一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料及制备方法。该柔性复合材料由无屈曲承力结构与功能薄膜进行涂胶复合制备而成。所述无屈曲承力结构包括经、纬纱采用同一规格的皮芯结构长丝，经、纬长丝为0°和90°排布，通过长丝接触位置皮层聚氨酯热熔胶热熔粘合实现经、纬长丝固定，承力结构中长丝为伸直状态，所述承力结构的长丝具有皮芯结构，皮层为脂肪族聚醚型聚氨酯热熔胶，芯层为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳香族聚酰胺纤维或全芳族聚酯长丝纤维，芯纱中的单纤长丝零捻，平行排列。本发明获得的柔性复合材料的结构整体性较好，有效解决平面两向机织物作承力层的柔性复合材料力学性能损耗大的问题。

Description

一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料及制备方法。
背景技术
目前，飞艇柔性复合材料一般由耐候层、阻气层、承力层和热封层等组成，是一种功能化的层压柔性复合材料。飞艇柔性复合材料一般使用0°/90°两系统长丝机织物作承力层，机织物通过长丝相互交织成型，织物中的长丝呈屈曲状态。柔性复合材料在受到0°/90°方向拉伸应力时，屈曲状态不利于长丝在应力方向上取向排列，柔性复合材料拉伸性能损耗大。而采用0°/90°双轴向衬经衬纬承力结构作柔性复合材料承力层，该承力结构中长丝无屈曲，由其制成的柔性复合材料拉伸性能损耗小，但衬经衬纬承力结构采用捆绑纱实现两系统长丝固定，一方面捆绑纱会产生消极质量，不利于柔性复合材料轻质高强，其次经、纬长丝之间无物理、化学结合，由这种承力结构制备的柔性复合材料的整体性较差。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题
本发明提供一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料及制备方法，以解决平面两向机织物作承力层的柔性复合材料力学性能损耗大这一问题。
为了解决本技术问题本发明采用的技术方案
一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料，由无屈曲承力结构与功能薄膜进行涂胶复合制备而成。
进一步地，所述无屈曲承力结构包括经、纬纱采用同一规格的皮芯结构长丝，经、纬长丝为0°/90°排布，通过长丝接触位置皮层聚氨酯热熔胶热熔粘合实现经、纬长丝固定，承力结构中长丝为伸直状态，长丝固定不使用捆绑纱。
进一步地，所述承力结构的长丝具有皮芯结构，皮层为脂肪族聚醚型聚氨酯热熔胶，芯层为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳香族聚酰胺纤维或全芳族聚酯长丝纤维，芯纱中的单纤长丝零捻，平行排列。
进一步地，所述胶粘剂为水性脂肪族聚酯型胶粘剂,固含量为40％～60％。
进一步地，所述功能薄膜为聚氟乙烯膜或聚偏二氟乙烯膜，膜材料厚度为25μm～80μm。
一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料制备方法，采用一种具有皮芯结构的长丝热压而成的无屈曲承力结构与功能薄膜通过涂胶复合制备而成，包括以下步骤：
S1：在功能薄膜上涂10g/m2～50g/m2水性聚氨酯胶粘剂，经烘箱烘干，成膜；
S2：将烘干后的功能薄膜与无屈曲承力单元进行热压复合，经冷辊冷却后收卷，热压后功能薄膜与承力单元成为一个整体；
S3：无屈曲承力结构成型过程：经纱通过钢筘实现等间距排列和定位，经纱排列完毕后，第一根纬纱铺设在全部经纱的上方，第二根纬纱铺设在全部经纱的下方，依次重复排列，纬纱通过一组梳栉实现等间距排列和定位；
S4：铺设、定位完毕的经、纬长丝通过热压实现经、纬长丝热熔粘合，随即承力单元经压辊冷却定形，卷绕成卷，实现承力单元成型。
进一步地，所述S1的烘干温度60℃～95℃，烘干时间为3min～5min。
进一步地，所述S2热压温度为100℃～170℃。
进一步地，所述S3经纬密分别为10根/cm～30根/cm。
进一步地，所述S4的热压温度范围为100℃～150℃，承力结构覆盖率范围：50％～100％。
本发明获得的有益效果
本发明提供的一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料及制备方法，采用一种较为简便方法实现无屈曲承力结构柔性复合材料制备，较现用的0°/90°两系统机织物柔性复合材料，具有结构稳定、拉伸强度高、材料整体性好等特点。有效解决平面两向机织物作承力层的柔性复合复合材料力学性能损耗大的问题。
附图说明
图1：气柔性复合材料示意图；
图2：具有皮芯结构的纤维长丝示意图；
其中：1-薄膜，2-承力单元，3-皮层，4-芯层。
具体实施方式
本专利提出了一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料及制备技术。采用一种具有皮芯结构的长丝作为承力结构，该承力结构与功能薄膜进行涂胶复合，制备出一种无屈曲的柔性柔性复合材料。该柔性复合材料中经、纬长丝均伸直排列，无屈曲状态。两系统长丝通过长丝皮层中的热塑性聚氨酯实现物理、化学粘合，承力结构稳定结实。其次，承力结构与功能薄膜采用涂胶复合，柔性复合材料的结构整体性较好。
采用一种具有皮芯结构的长丝热压而成的无屈曲承力结构与功能薄膜进行涂胶复合制备柔性复合材料；柔性复合材料结构为承力结构和聚氨酯胶粘剂和功能膜材料；
无屈曲承力结构包括经、纬纱采用同一规格的皮芯结构长丝，经、纬长丝为0°/90°排布，通过长丝接触位置皮层聚氨酯热熔胶热熔粘合实现经、纬长丝固定，承力结构中长丝为伸直状态、无屈曲，长丝固定不使用捆绑纱；承力结构的长丝具有皮芯结构，皮层为脂肪族聚醚型聚氨酯热熔胶，芯层为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳香族聚酰胺纤维和全芳族聚酯长丝纤维，芯纱中的单纤维长丝零捻，平行排列；胶粘剂为水性脂肪族聚酯型胶粘剂，固含量为40％～60％，搭配脂肪族异氰酸酯固化剂使用，胶粘剂主体与异氰酸酯固化剂比例：10：1；功能膜材料为聚氟乙烯膜和聚偏二氟乙烯膜，膜材料厚度为25μm～80μm；
一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料制备方法为采用一种具有皮芯结构的长丝热压而成的无屈曲承力结构与功能薄膜通过涂胶复合制备而成；在功能薄膜上涂10g/m2～50g/m2水性聚氨酯胶粘剂，经烘箱烘干，成膜；烘干温度为60℃～95℃，烘干时间为3min～5min；将烘干后的功能薄膜与无屈曲承力单元进行热压复合，经冷辊冷却后收卷，热压温度为100℃～170℃，热压后功能薄膜与承力单元成为一个整体；无屈曲承力结构成型过程：经纱通过钢筘实现等间距排列和定位，经密范围为10根/cm～30根/cm；经纱排列完毕后，第一根纬纱铺设在全部经纱的上方，第二根纬纱铺设在全部经纱的下方，依次重复排列，纬纱通过一组梳栉实现等间距排列和定位，纬密范围为10根/cm～30根/cm；铺设、定位完毕的经、纬长丝通过热压实现经、纬长丝热熔粘合，随即承力单元经压辊冷却定形，卷绕成卷，实现承力单元成型，热压温度范围为100℃～150℃，承力结构覆盖率范围：50％～100％；
为使本发明所提出的技术方案的目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面将结合附图1-2，对本发明所提出的技术方案的实施例进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是所提出的技术方案的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，均属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明就气囊材料为具体实施例，对基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料及制备方法，作进一步阐述。
实施例1
气囊材料由聚偏二氟乙烯膜和400旦全聚芳酯纤维、热塑性聚氨酯包芯结构复合长丝承力结构组成。气囊材料面密度为133g/m2，拉伸强度为700N/cm。在聚偏二氟乙烯膜上涂50g/m2水性聚氨酯胶粘剂，在烘干温度95℃下烘干5min，随后将烘干后带有胶粘剂的功能薄膜与无屈曲承力单元进行热压复合，热压温度为150℃。无屈曲承力结构经向织物密度为15根/cm，经纱排列完毕后，第一根纬纱铺设在全部经纱的上方，第二根纬纱铺设在全部经纱的下方，依次重复排列，纬向织物密度20根/cm，承力结构单元热压温度为130℃，承力结构覆盖率为96.5％。

Claims (10)

1.一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料，其特征在于：由无屈曲承力结构与功能薄膜进行涂覆胶粘剂复合制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料，其特征在于：所述无屈曲承力结构包括经、纬纱采用同一规格的皮芯结构长丝，经、纬长丝为0°/90°排布，通过长丝接触位置皮层聚氨酯热熔胶热熔粘合实现经、纬长丝固定，承力结构中长丝为伸直状态。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料，其特征在于：所述无屈曲承力结构的长丝具有皮芯结构，皮层为脂肪族聚醚型聚氨酯热熔胶，芯层为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳香族聚酰胺纤维或全芳族聚酯长丝纤维，芯纱中的单纤长丝零捻，平行排列。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料，其特征在于，所述胶粘剂为水性脂肪族聚酯型胶粘剂,固含量为40％～60％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料，其特征在于，所述功能薄膜为聚氟乙烯膜或聚偏二氟乙烯膜，膜材料厚度为25μm～80μm。
6.一种基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料制备方法，其特征在于，采用一种具有皮芯结构的长丝热压而成的无屈曲承力结构与功能薄膜通过涂胶复合制备而成，包括以下步骤：
S1：在功能薄膜上涂10g/m2～50g/m2水性聚氨酯胶粘剂，经烘箱烘干，成膜；
S2：将烘干后的功能薄膜与无屈曲承力单元进行热压复合，经冷辊冷却后收卷，热压后功能薄膜与承力单元成为一个整体；
S3：无屈曲承力结构成型过程：经纱通过钢筘实现等间距排列和定位，经纱排列完毕后，第一根纬纱铺设在全部经纱的上方，第二根纬纱铺设在全部经纱的下方，依次重复排列，纬纱通过一组梳栉实现等间距排列和定位；
S4：铺设、定位完毕的经、纬长丝通过热压实现经、纬长丝热熔粘合，随即承力单元经压辊冷却定形，卷绕成卷，实现承力单元成型。
7.根据权利要求6所述的基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：所述S1的烘干温度60℃～95℃，烘干时间为3min～5min。
8.根据权利要求6所述的基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：所述S2热压温度为100℃～170℃。
9.根据权利要求6所述的基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：所述S3经纬密分别为10根/cm～30根/cm。
10.根据权利要求6所述的基于无屈曲承力结构的柔性复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：所述S4的热压温度范围为100℃～150℃，承力结构覆盖率范围：50％～100％。
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