CN113754507A - Potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive - Google Patents
Potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113754507A CN113754507A CN202111212543.6A CN202111212543A CN113754507A CN 113754507 A CN113754507 A CN 113754507A CN 202111212543 A CN202111212543 A CN 202111212543A CN 113754507 A CN113754507 A CN 113754507A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- potassium borohydride
- emulsion
- sensitizer
- solution
- emulsion explosive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N [(2s,3r,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 32
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 15
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- RSHAOIXHUHAZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium hydride Chemical compound [MgH2] RSHAOIXHUHAZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 titanium hydride Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium nitrite Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]N=O CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003034 chemosensitisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006114 chemosensitizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/285—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
- C06B23/004—Chemical sensitisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive, which relates to the technical field of explosive preparation, and comprises the components of a hydrogen storage sensitizer and an emulsion matrix; the hydrogen storage sensitizer is potassium borohydride with the purity of more than 99% or a solution form thereof, and the emulsion explosive comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.01-5 wt% of hydrogen storage sensitizer and 95.00-99.99 wt% of emulsifying base material. The potassium borohydride solution is prepared by uniformly dissolving potassium borohydride in an aqueous solution or an alkaline solution, the pH value of the alkaline solution is 7-14, and the content of the potassium borohydride in the sensitizer solution can be adjusted to be 5-600g/L according to the density of the emulsion explosive to be prepared. The added sensitizer potassium borohydride crystal powder or solution is uniformly distributed in the emulsion matrix, hydrogen is released through hydrolysis reaction and is diffused in the emulsion matrix to form micro bubbles, and the hydrogen bubbles play a role in sensitizing hot spots in the emulsion explosive and also serve as energetic materials to participate in the detonation reaction of the explosive, so that the output energy of the emulsion explosive is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of explosive preparation, in particular to an emulsion explosive sensitized by potassium borohydride or a solution thereof.
Background
The development of the emulsion explosive in China is at the end of the 60's in the 20 th century, and the emulsion explosive generally refers to water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion type water-resistant industrial explosive produced by adopting an emulsion technology. Because of having excellent water-resistant, environmental protection, explosion and storage performances, the explosive is widely applied and is also one of the civil industrial explosives with the highest use ratio at present. The components are that the fine droplets of oxidant aqueous solution (prepared by dissolving ammonium nitrate, sodium sulfate and the like in water) are used as a dispersed phase, a very thin oil film with higher strength (namely an oil phase material which also acts as a reducing agent) is coated outside the dispersed phase, the dispersed phase has higher viscosity, and a special water-in-oil type emulsification system is formed, and the special water-in-oil type emulsification system is called as an emulsification matrix (also called as an emulsion matrix). The emulsion matrix is an unsensitized emulsion explosive, does not have detonator sensitivity, has high density, needs high initiation energy and is very difficult to transfer explosion. Therefore, the last important step in the preparation of emulsion explosives is the sensitization process. The emulsion matrix is sensitized by adding a sensitizer through a physical or chemical method, namely, a large number of uniformly distributed micro-bubbles are introduced into the emulsion matrix, the detonation sensitivity of the detonator is generated by utilizing the adiabatic compression and the 'hot spot' characteristic of air in the bubbles, and the emulsion matrix becomes the emulsion explosive after the sensitization process is finished. The sensitizer of the traditional industrial emulsion explosive is divided into a physical sensitizer, a chemical sensitizer and a composite sensitizer (two substances of the physical sensitizer and the chemical sensitizer are added in sequence according to a proportion), wherein the common physical sensitizer comprises hollow glass microspheres and expanded perlite, and the chemical sensitizer comprises ammonium nitrite. It should be noted that, in the prior art, whether a physical sensitizer is used or a foaming agent added in chemical sensitization is used, the sensitization process mainly introduces a large amount of uniformly distributed micro bubbles to play a role in increasing 'hot spots' in an emulsion matrix, so that the emulsion explosive has detonator initiation sensitivity, and the traditional sensitizer material plays a role in 'hot spots' only, is not an energetic material and does not contribute to the explosion and detonation energy of the emulsion explosive.
The hydrogen storage material is a novel energetic material, is added into an emulsion matrix as a sensitizing agent, and can release hydrogen under certain conditions. Hydrogen has higher energy density, which is three times higher than that of liquid hydrocarbon fuel; and when the catalyst acts with oxygen, the only product is water, and no pollution is generated. The hydrogen gas released by sensitization reaction in the emulsion matrix can be used as a sensitization hot spot of the emulsion explosive, and the hydrogen gas is also an energetic material, so that the energy of the emulsion explosive can be improved in the explosion and detonation processes of the emulsion explosive. Potassium borohydride is a new hydrogen storage material, have the characteristic of storing the hydrogen density large, hydrogen dynamic property is good, its hydrogen storage mass ratio reaches 7.42%, and have the advantage of light, abundant, cheap of resources of the resource of the overall mass.
According to Chinese patent search, the patent application named as 'titanium hydride type hydrogen storage emulsion explosive' has the following application numbers: CN201110277487.4, publication number: CN102432408A, the method is that high-purity titanium hydride hydrogen storage material with the mass of 0.6-8% is added into the emulsion explosive, during the detonation process, the titanium hydride is used as a sensitizing agent to generate chemical reaction with water in the emulsion matrix, a small amount of hydrogen is released, and a certain sensitizing effect is achieved on the emulsion matrix. Patent application entitled "magnesium hydride type hydrogen storage emulsion explosive", application number: CN201110277355.1, publication number: CN102432407A, the method is that high-purity magnesium hydride hydrogen storage material with the mass of 0.2-6% is added into the emulsion explosive, the magnesium hydride is used as a sensitizing agent to carry out chemical reaction with water in the emulsion matrix, a small amount of hydrogen is released, and a certain sensitizing effect is achieved on the emulsion matrix. The name of the patent application is 'methane storage type glass microsphere sensitized emulsion explosive and a preparation method thereof', the application number is as follows: CN201710862489.7, publication number: CN107573201A, the method is that methane gas is stored in glass microspheres through a continuous ventilation device to form a methane storage type glass microsphere sensitizing agent, the methane storage type glass microsphere sensitizing agent is added into an emulsion matrix for sensitization according to the mass ratio of 1.5-3.5, and an emulsion explosive is obtained, and the sensitizing agent plays a role in sensitizing and also plays a role in improving explosion energy and the content of gas of explosion products. The name of the patent application is 'ethane storage type glass microsphere sensitized emulsion explosive', and the application number is as follows: CN201710875003.3, publication number: CN107473915A, the method is that ethane gas is stored in glass microspheres through a continuous ventilation device to form an ethane storage type glass microsphere sensitizing agent, the ethane storage type glass microsphere sensitizing agent is added into an emulsion matrix for sensitization according to the mass ratio of 1.5-3.5, and an emulsion explosive is obtained, and the sensitizing agent plays a role in sensitizing and also plays a role in improving explosion energy and the content of gas of an explosion product. The name of the patent application is 'a physical hydrogen storage glass microsphere sensitized emulsion explosive and a preparation method thereof', the application number is as follows: CN202011399319.8, publication number: CN112479793A, the method is to store free hydrogen in glass microspheres as an energy-containing sensitizer of the emulsion explosive, and the energy-containing sensitizer not only provides an energy-containing hot spot, but also obviously improves the detonation performance of the explosive.
It can be seen from the above patents that titanium hydride and magnesium hydride are used as sensitizing agents in emulsion explosives, which belong to chemical sensitization methods, and have the advantages of small hydrogen release amount, low sensitization efficiency, and expensive materials, thereby greatly increasing the cost of industrial emulsion explosives, and being not suitable for large-scale production and application of emulsion explosives. After storing free hydrogen, methane and ethane in the glass microspheres, the glass microspheres are applied to emulsion explosives as physical sensitizers, and since gas storage needs to be completed in a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, the process is complex, the cost of the glass microspheres is high, the time and the economic cost can be further increased by gas storage, large-scale low-cost production is difficult to realize, and the sensitizers cannot meet the requirement of industrial emulsion explosive mass production. The potassium borohydride is used as a novel hydrogen storage sensitizer, hydrogen is stably stored in the hydrogen storage sensitizer, the hydrogen release dynamic performance is good, the price is low, and the requirement of large-scale production of emulsion explosives can be met. The potassium borohydride is independently added into the emulsion matrix in the form of powder or solution as a sensitizing agent, the potassium borohydride completes the hydrogen releasing process in the emulsion matrix through conventional uniform stirring, the sensitizing process of the emulsion explosive is realized, the released tiny hydrogen bubbles are not only initiation hot spots of the emulsion explosive but also energetic substances in explosive explosion, and the detonation performance of the emulsion explosive is also improved on the premise of ensuring the initiation sensitivity of the emulsion explosive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive, which adopts potassium borohydride as a sensitizing agent, and the potassium borohydride is added into an emulsion matrix in the form of powder or solution to complete the sensitization process of the emulsion explosive. The mechanism of sensitization is specifically illustrated as follows: the potassium borohydride and water in the emulsion matrix are subjected to hydrolysis reaction to release tiny hydrogen bubbles, and the hydrogen bubbles play dual roles of detonating 'hot spots' and energetic working media, so that the explosive has excellent detonation performance, the sensitizer is low in cost and small in unit mass explosive, and the cost of the industrial emulsion explosive is greatly reduced.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
a potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive comprises the components of a hydrogen storage sensitizer and an emulsion matrix; the hydrogen storage sensitizer is in a form of potassium borohydride or solution thereof, and the emulsion explosive comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.01-5 wt% of hydrogen storage sensitizer and 95.00-99.99 wt% of emulsifying base material.
Further, the potassium borohydride is white loose powder or crystal, in order to improve the sensitization speed and the sensitization efficiency, the contact area of the sensitizing agent and the emulsifying matrix is increased, and the potassium borohydride is ground into fine powder, so that the effect is better.
Further, the potassium borohydride solution is prepared by uniformly dissolving potassium borohydride in an aqueous solution or an alkaline solution, wherein the aqueous solution can be distilled water or purified water; the alkaline solution has pH of 7-14, and is prepared by dissolving sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, silver diammine hydroxide, ammonia water (monohydrate ammonia), lithium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. in distilled water or purified water at a certain ratio.
Further, the mass of the potassium borohydride in the aqueous solution and the alkaline solution is 5-600g/L, and the content of the potassium borohydride in the sensitizer solution can be adjusted according to the density of the emulsion explosive required to be prepared.
Furthermore, the formula of the emulsion matrix is the same as that of the emulsion matrix commonly used in the existing emulsion explosive, and the emulsion matrix is generally composed of ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium sulfate, urea, water, wax, rosin, sorbitol monooleate, an emulsifier and the like.
Further, the preparation method of the potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive is the same as the preparation method of adding the physical sensitizer glass microspheres in the prior art, after adding potassium borohydride powder or adding a potassium borohydride solution in a titration mode into an emulsion matrix, continuously stirring by using a stirrer to uniformly mix, and then standing for more than 3 hours to complete the preparation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the added potassium borohydride crystal powder or solution is uniformly distributed in the emulsified matrix, the added potassium borohydride and a small amount of combined water in the emulsified matrix are subjected to hydrolysis reaction to generate hydrogen, the released hydrogen is wrapped by the emulsified matrix and is diffused in the emulsified matrix to form micro bubbles, so that a certain foaming effect is achieved on the emulsified matrix, and finally a hot spot of initiation and explosion propagation is formed, so that the emulsified matrix finishes a sensitization effect and has the detonator sensitivity to become the emulsified explosive.
2. The added potassium borohydride sensitizer generates hydrogen bubbles in the emulsion matrix, and because hydrogen is a high-energy gas substance, a large amount of energy can be released after combustion, hydrogen microbubbles generated by hydrolysis reaction play a role in sensitizing hot spots in the emulsion explosive, and participate in the reaction on a detonation wave front in the detonation reaction of the emulsion explosive to provide energy output. Therefore, the output energy of the potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive comprises the energy released by the emulsion matrix and the potassium borohydride together, the hydrogen participates in the reaction to change the energy output structure of the emulsion explosive, and the total output energy of the emulsion explosive is larger than that of the existing emulsion explosive.
3. The invention uses potassium borohydride powder or solution thereof as a novel sensitizing agent, compared with the emulsion explosive formed by adding physical sensitizing agent glass microspheres in the prior art, the emulsion explosive meets the explosion performance standard of industrial explosives on explosion mechanical parameters such as shock wave peak value, impulse, energy and the like, and is a novel emulsion explosive with excellent performance. And the price of the potassium borohydride is much cheaper than that of the glass microspheres, so that the cost of the industrial emulsion explosive is reduced from the production material, and the potassium borohydride can be well applied to large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a shock wave curve diagram obtained by an underwater explosion test of the hydrogen storage emulsion explosive containing 0.3% of potassium borohydride in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a shock wave curve diagram obtained by an underwater explosion test of the emulsion explosive containing 4% of glass microspheres in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a shock wave curve diagram obtained by an underwater explosion test of the hydrogen storage emulsion explosive containing 0.6% of potassium borohydride in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a shock wave curve diagram obtained by an underwater explosion test of the emulsion explosive containing 0.25% of sodium nitrite in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the total mass of potassium borohydride and the emulsifying base is 30g, and the content of potassium borohydride is 0.3 percent of the total mass (0.09 g). After adding potassium borohydride powder to the emulsified base at normal temperature, continuously stirring for 30-60 minutes by using a stirrer, and carrying out underwater explosion test after standing for 3 hours.
The formulation of the emulsifying base used is shown in table 1:
table 1 emulsion base formulation used in example 1
For comparative experiments, the control group was sensitized by adding glass microspheres, a conventional physical sensitizer, to the emulsion matrix. Experiments have shown that: when the content of the glass microspheres is 4%, the output energy of the emulsion explosive is the maximum. Therefore, in the production of this example, the total mass of the emulsion base and the glass microspheres was 30g, and the content of the glass microspheres was 4% of the total mass (═ 1.2 g). The kind of the emulsifying base used was the same as in Table 1. After adding the glass microspheres to the emulsified base, the mixture was continuously stirred for 45 minutes using a stirrer, and then left for 3 hours to perform an underwater explosion test.
In the underwater explosion test, the shock wave curve of the emulsion explosive with the potassium borohydride content of 0.3 percent of the total mass of the emulsion explosive is shown in figure 1, and the shock wave curve of the emulsion explosive with the glass microsphere content of 4 percent of the total mass of the emulsion explosive is shown in figure 2. In the figure: the abscissa represents time (unit: us), the ordinate represents pressure (unit: MPa), and the underwater explosion shock wave curve is recorded by an oscilloscope. The various test parameters are shown in table 2, and the data in table 2 are read from the shock wave curves.
Table 2 example 1 detonation parameters for underwater explosive shock waves
As can be seen from Table 2, the peak pressure of the potassium borohydride type hydrogen storage emulsion explosive of the invention is smaller than that of an emulsion explosive of glass microspheres, but the impulse and the energy density are both larger than those of the emulsion explosive of glass microspheres, the energy density is the explosion heat released after each kilogram of the emulsion explosive is exploded, and the peak pressure is calculated by specific impact wave energy and specific bubble energy in underwater explosion experimental tests. Namely, although the potassium borohydride reduces the shock wave peak pressure of the underwater explosion of the emulsion explosive, the sensitized hot spot hydrogen bubbles participate in the detonation wave front reaction, so that the temperature and the duration of an explosion field can be increased, and the damage effect of the emulsion explosive is improved.
Example 2:
the total mass of potassium borohydride and the emulsifying base is 30g, and the content of potassium borohydride is 0.6 percent of the total mass (0.18 g). After adding potassium borohydride powder to the emulsified base at normal temperature, continuously stirring for 30-60 minutes by using a stirrer, and carrying out underwater explosion test after standing for 3 hours.
The formulation of the emulsifying base used is shown in table 3:
table 3 emulsion base formulation used in example 2
For comparative experiments, the control group was sensitized by adding the traditional chemosensitizer sodium nitrite to the emulsion matrix. Experiments have shown that: when the content of the sodium nitrite is 0.15-0.4%, the output energy of the emulsion explosive is the maximum. Therefore, in the preparation of this example, the total mass of the emulsion base and sodium nitrite was 30g, and the sodium nitrite content was 0.25% of the total mass (═ 0.075 g). The kind of the emulsifying base used was the same as in Table 1. After adding sodium nitrite to the emulsified base, the mixture was continuously stirred for 30 minutes using a stirrer, and then placed in a 50 ℃ incubator for 3 hours, followed by underwater explosion test.
In the underwater explosion test, the shock wave curve of the emulsion explosive with the potassium borohydride content of 0.6 percent of the total mass is shown in figure 3, and the shock wave curve of the emulsion explosive with the sodium nitrite content of 0.25 percent of the total mass is shown in figure 4. In the figure: the abscissa represents time (unit: us), the ordinate represents pressure (unit: MPa), and the underwater explosion shock wave curve is recorded by an oscilloscope. The various test parameters are shown in Table 4, and the data in Table 4 are read from the shock wave curves.
Table 4 example 2 detonation parameters for underwater explosive shock waves
As can be seen from Table 4, the peak pressure of the potassium borohydride type hydrogen storage emulsion explosive is smaller than that of an emulsion explosive of glass microspheres, but the impulse and the energy density are both larger than those of the emulsion explosive of glass microspheres, the energy density is the explosion heat released after each kilogram of the emulsion explosive is exploded, and the specific impact wave energy and the specific bubble energy are calculated in an underwater explosion experiment test. In comparison, the hydrogen hot spot in the potassium borohydride type emulsion explosive can be used as both the sensitized bubble and the energetic working medium to participate in the detonation reaction, and the potassium borohydride reduces the shock wave peak pressure of underwater explosion of the emulsion explosive, but the hydrogen hot spot participates in the detonation wave front reaction, so that the temperature and the duration time of an explosion field can be improved, and the damage effect of the emulsion explosive is improved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention/inventions are not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention/invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. The potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive is characterized by comprising a hydrogen storage sensitizer and an emulsion matrix, wherein the hydrogen storage sensitizer is in the form of potassium borohydride or a solution thereof, and the emulsion explosive comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.01-5 wt% of hydrogen storage sensitizer and 95.00-99.99 wt% of emulsifying base material.
2. A hydrogen storage sensitizer potassium borohydride according to claim 1, characterized in that said potassium borohydride is white loose powder or crystal, which is ground into fine powder for better effect by increasing the contact area of the sensitizer with the emulsion matrix in order to increase the sensitizing speed and sensitizing efficiency.
3. The potassium borohydride solution as hydrogen storage sensitizer according to claim 1, wherein said potassium borohydride solution is prepared by uniformly dissolving potassium borohydride in an aqueous solution or an alkaline solution, wherein the aqueous solution may be distilled water or purified water; the alkaline solution has pH of 7-14, and is prepared by dissolving sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, silver diammine hydroxide, ammonia water (monohydrate ammonia), lithium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. in distilled water or purified water at a certain ratio.
4. The potassium borohydride solution as hydrogen storage sensitizer according to claim 1, wherein the mass of potassium borohydride in aqueous solution and alkaline solution is 5-600g/L, and the content of potassium borohydride in sensitizer solution can be adjusted according to the required density of the emulsion explosive.
5. The emulsion base of claim 1, wherein the formulation of the emulsion base is the same as the formulation of the emulsion base commonly used in the existing emulsion explosives, and the emulsion base is generally composed of ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium sulfate, urea, water, wax, rosin, sorbitol monooleate, emulsifier, and the like.
6. The potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive is the same as the preparation method of adding physical sensitizer glass microspheres in the prior art, after adding potassium borohydride powder or adding potassium borohydride solution in a titration manner to the emulsion matrix, the mixture is continuously stirred by a stirrer to be uniformly mixed, and then the mixture is left for more than 3 hours.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111212543.6A CN113754507A (en) | 2021-10-19 | 2021-10-19 | Potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111212543.6A CN113754507A (en) | 2021-10-19 | 2021-10-19 | Potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113754507A true CN113754507A (en) | 2021-12-07 |
Family
ID=78799771
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111212543.6A Pending CN113754507A (en) | 2021-10-19 | 2021-10-19 | Potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113754507A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113831204A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-24 | 安徽理工大学 | Lithium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive |
| CN113912466A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-11 | 安徽理工大学 | Sodium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1335097A (en) * | 1970-08-18 | 1973-10-24 | Du Pont | Emulsion type blasting agent |
| SE8104902L (en) * | 1980-08-25 | 1982-02-26 | Nippon Oils & Fats Co Ltd | THE WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION OF EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION |
| CN107540486A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-01-05 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of hydrogen storage type emulsion seismic charge and the hypocentrum cartridge using the explosive-source explosive post |
| CN113698259A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-11-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Rapid sensitization chemosensitizer for emulsion matrix explosives and rapid sensitization method |
| CN113831204A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-24 | 安徽理工大学 | Lithium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive |
| CN113912466A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-11 | 安徽理工大学 | Sodium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive |
-
2021
- 2021-10-19 CN CN202111212543.6A patent/CN113754507A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1335097A (en) * | 1970-08-18 | 1973-10-24 | Du Pont | Emulsion type blasting agent |
| SE8104902L (en) * | 1980-08-25 | 1982-02-26 | Nippon Oils & Fats Co Ltd | THE WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION OF EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION |
| CN107540486A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-01-05 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of hydrogen storage type emulsion seismic charge and the hypocentrum cartridge using the explosive-source explosive post |
| CN113698259A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-11-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Rapid sensitization chemosensitizer for emulsion matrix explosives and rapid sensitization method |
| CN113912466A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-11 | 安徽理工大学 | Sodium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive |
| CN113831204A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-24 | 安徽理工大学 | Lithium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 山西省化工研究所: "《塑料橡胶加工助剂》", 31 May 1983, 化学工业出版社 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113912466A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-11 | 安徽理工大学 | Sodium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive |
| CN113831204A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-24 | 安徽理工大学 | Lithium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN113754507A (en) | Potassium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive | |
| CN113831204A (en) | Lithium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive | |
| CN113912466A (en) | Sodium borohydride sensitized emulsion explosive | |
| CN102432408B (en) | Titanium hydride hydrogen storage emulsion explosive | |
| CN109096023B (en) | Multi-core hollow energetic microsphere for emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102432407B (en) | Magnesium hydride type hydrogen-stored emulsion explosive | |
| CN114436724A (en) | Boron-aluminum-containing mixed powder metalized high-energy emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106748589B (en) | Emulsion Compound sensitizer containing energy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103724143B (en) | A kind of Rock powdery civil emulsion explosive and production technique thereof | |
| CN113698259A (en) | Rapid sensitization chemosensitizer for emulsion matrix explosives and rapid sensitization method | |
| CN107540486B (en) | Hydrogen storage type emulsified seismic charge and seismic bomb using same | |
| CN113860976A (en) | Preparation method of hollow polymer microsphere sensitized emulsion explosive for explosive welding | |
| SE456422B (en) | SPRENGEMNESKOMPOSITION | |
| CN108358733B (en) | Method for coating energetic additive by thermal expansion hollow microspheres | |
| CN106588521A (en) | Free state hydrogen sensitized emulsion explosive and preparation method | |
| CN1032000A (en) | Water gel explosives for mine | |
| Meng et al. | The thermal decomposition behavior of the TNT‐RDX‐Al explosive by molecular kinetic simulation | |
| CN112125766A (en) | Low-temperature-resistant water gel explosive and preparation method thereof | |
| CN1072404A (en) | Quick sensitization process for emulsified explosive | |
| CN107056562A (en) | A kind of aluminium base trielement composite material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110698311A (en) | High-temperature-resistant environment colloidal emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof | |
| AU2011274343A1 (en) | Epoxidation of glycerol and derivatives therefrom | |
| CN107473915A (en) | One kind storage ethane type glass microsphere sensitised emulsion explosive | |
| CN1239088A (en) | Powerful emulsified explosive and its preparing process | |
| CN112479793A (en) | Physical hydrogen storage glass microsphere sensitized emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20211207 |
|
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |