CN113751637B - Forging method for improving yield of large-sized titanium plate blank - Google Patents
Forging method for improving yield of large-sized titanium plate blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN113751637B CN113751637B CN202111083425.XA CN202111083425A CN113751637B CN 113751637 B CN113751637 B CN 113751637B CN 202111083425 A CN202111083425 A CN 202111083425A CN 113751637 B CN113751637 B CN 113751637B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/10—Manipulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/008—Incremental forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium and titanium alloy product manufacturing, in particular to a forging method for improving the yield of a large-size titanium plate blank, which is mainly realized through the steps of first fire heating, first fire stretching forging, edge trimming and shaping, end part near-finished product forging, hot material returning or second fire heating, plate tongue and plate shape control, plate blank machining and the like. The invention can not only effectively control the plate shape, thereby reducing machining loss, but also obviously improve the yield of the forged plate blank, and meanwhile, the invention does not need to increase forging fire, thereby being suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium and titanium alloy product manufacturing, in particular to a forging method for improving the yield of a large-sized titanium plate blank.
Background
Along with the rapid development of the titanium industry in China, the research and industrialization of the preparation technology of the large-volume heavy titanium strip are listed in the development planning of the 'fifteenth' titanium industry in China, and particularly the research, application and production of wide titanium strips are also more and more widely. However, the production of titanium strip coils with high width and large coil weight inevitably requires corresponding titanium plate blanks, so that the production and transaction amount of the titanium plate blanks are increased, and how to reduce the production cost of the titanium plate blanks becomes an important research subject.
At present, two methods for producing large-size titanium slabs for rolling at home and abroad mainly exist: one is conventional VAR smelted round ingot and forged by a rapid forging machine to obtain a slab; one is to directly melt a slab ingot (i.e., a slab) using an EB furnace, and if necessary, forge the slab with the slab ingot to obtain the slab. The EB furnace smelting also has the difficulty of controlling the uniformity of chemical components, so that the application range of the EB furnace smelting in the production of titanium plate blanks is limited; secondly, the EB furnace is adopted for production, a large amount of cost is required to be input for purchasing and installing the smelting furnace, but the number of manufacturers with the EB furnace in China is small, and the requirements of the domestic and foreign markets on the titanium plate blanks can not be met. The conventional smelting and forging method adopts VAR vacuum consumable smelting to obtain cast ingots, has better component uniformity control, is suitable for pure titanium slabs and alloy slabs of various brands, but has slightly lower yield than that of slab ingot produced by direct smelting of an EB furnace because the cast ingots are subjected to machining loss and slab forging. In order to obtain a rolling slab with excellent component uniformity, when the conventional VAR ingot casting and slab forging mode is adopted for production, if the forging slab tongue and the slab machining milling loss can be reduced, the yield of the forging slab can be effectively improved, the production cost can be reduced, and the product competitive advantage can be improved.
In the existing production of VAR ingot casting and slab forging, in order to reduce the forging plate tongue and improve the yield, the forging method which is frequently adopted is upsetting stretching and drawing forming. However, this forging method has several major drawbacks for large-sized billets of about 10 tons: (1) The forging fire is increased, and the defects of folding, cracking and the like are easily generated in the upsetting process; (2) The length of the blank has higher upsetting clear space requirement on forging equipment, the corresponding production cost is higher, and the yield is uncontrollable.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a forging method for improving the yield of a large-size titanium plate blank, which can improve the yield of a forged plate blank by optimizing the plate shape quality and reducing the machining loss, and can reduce the production cost of a conventional 'VAR ingot smelting and plate blank forging' production mode, thereby realizing large-scale stable production.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the forging method for improving the yield of the large-size titanium plate blank is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of:
(1) Mechanically processing two ends of an ingot: turning a loose layer which is more than or equal to 10mm from the edge to the R/2 of the end surface of the bottom of the ingot casting, wherein the chamfer angle of the head of the titanium ingot casting is more than or equal to 30mm multiplied by 45 degrees, the chamfer angle of the bottom of the titanium ingot casting is more than or equal to R50 mm; the chamfering aims at preventing the bottom of the ingot from folding and cracking at two ends of the slab due to non-chamfering or too small chamfering after the bottom of the ingot is forged into the slab, thereby being beneficial to greatly reducing machining loss at the end part of the slab; the bottom turning aims at removing the loose layer in advance and preventing the loose layer from being extended to cover the surface of the slab after forging the slab so as to cause machining waste at the end part of the slab;
(2) Heating by a first fire: coating a high-temperature protective coating on the surface of a titanium cast ingot to prevent high-temperature oxidation during heating, and then feeding the cast ingot into a gas heating furnace or an electric heating furnace for first-fire heating at a heating temperature of 1000-1100 ℃;
(3) First fire spread forging: discharging the heated cast ingot from the furnace, and stretching and forging the cast ingot along the length direction of the titanium cast ingot, wherein the rolling reduction of each time is within the range of 30-100 mm; after the blank width is forged to be 100-500 mm larger than the width of a finished blank by stretching forging, the blank width has enough edge receiving quantity in the width direction during the follow-up blank forming forging, and the edge part of the plate tongue can be deformed preferentially during the shaping forging, so that the plate tongue is reduced, and the yield is improved;
(4) Edge trimming and shaping: the flat anvil is used for carrying out edge folding and shaping treatment on the stretched blank, and the purpose is to reduce the arc edge of the stretched blank in the width direction so as to reduce the edge angle of the blank in the length direction;
(5) Forging and pressing the end part near-finished product: the flat anvil is used for pressing the two ends of the slab to be approximately 800mm in the range of the thickness H+ (0-50) mm of a finished product, and the purpose is to press the thickness of the end part to be approximately the thickness of the finished product when the first-fire forging is finished (before the second-fire forging), so that the end part of the slab is mainly subjected to width edge folding deformation when the second-fire forging is finished, the deformation of the central parts of the two end parts of the slab can be effectively reduced, the metal flow of the edge parts is increased, and therefore, the slab tongue is reduced;
(6) Returning the hot materials to the furnace or heating by a second fire: returning the heat material to the furnace when the plate blank processed in the step (5) has no obvious crack, and if the plate blank has obvious crack, polishing the plate blank cleanly after air cooling, and then heating the plate blank by a second fire, wherein the second fire heating temperature is 850-1000 ℃;
(7) Tongue and plate type control: forging the plate blank after furnace return to the size required by the process by using upper and lower flat anvils, controlling the tongue and the plate shape by adopting a mode of turning over the plate blank in a fixed direction by 90 degrees and forging and shaping from the middle part to the two ends of the plate blank, forging to the required finished product size, and leveling and straightening the forged plate blank according to the plate shape condition to finish the forging of the plate blank;
(8) And (3) slab machining: firstly, rough milling is carried out by a milling machine to remove the oxide skin on the surface of the slab, the milling amount is 1-10 mm, the slab tongue is cut off by a sawing machine or a flame cutting mode after rough milling, and the slab after cutting off the slab is finish-milled and chamfered by the milling machine, wherein the finish-milling amount is 0.5-3 mm, and the slab machining is completed.
Preferably, in the step (3), the operation machine is used for clamping the round rolling pin with the diameter of phi 300-phi 600mm, the number of the stretching forging times is more than 2, and the width dimension of the plate blank after the stretching forging is ensured to be 100-500 mm larger than that of the finished plate blank.
Preferably, in the step (5), when the first hot forging of the slab is towards the end, the thickness of the two ends of the slab within the length range of 800mm is forged and pressed to be close to the thickness H+ (0-50) mm of the finished product.
Preferably, the specific operation of "the fixed direction is turned by 90 ° in the step (7) is: after the plate blank is pressed once in the thickness direction, the plate blank must be turned over by 90 degrees in the fixed direction, forged in the width direction of the plate blank, and then turned back by 90 degrees in the previous direction, and forged in the thickness direction of the plate blank. The fixed direction means to turn "clockwise" or "counter-clockwise" according to the operating habit. The purpose is that: firstly, the fixed direction upset can avoid appearing the fixed contact lower anvil of a certain direction, because the slab is single great, and the frictional force of lower anvil is greater than the upper anvil, avoids appearing the wedge shaped plate tongue, and secondly, the one side is pressed down promptly and upset 90, is favorable to thickness direction and width direction to take place plastic deformation successively under similar temperature, and the metal flow tends to be unanimous, is favorable to reducing the plate tongue radian, and can reduce the slab along length direction's edge radian (reduce the angular angle promptly), can effectively reduce slab thickness and width direction's machine and add the loss to improve slab yield.
Preferably, in the step (7), in addition to the fixed direction turning 90 ° for each completion of one-side pressing, the forming forging is performed by adopting a forging shaping mode from the middle part to the two ends of the slab, and the specific forging method is as follows: whether the thickness forging and the width edge folding forging are performed, forging is performed from the middle part of the plate blank to two sides in each pass; the feeding amount per hammer is controlled within the range of 50-300 mm, and the pressing amount per hammer is controlled within the range of 10-50 mm. The method aims at increasing the side metal flow of the end part of the slab through forging and forming from the middle part to two ends, so that the end part is kept flush, the slab tongue is reduced, and the yield of the slab is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The forging mode of widening forging of the rolling pin with one fire, forging of a near-finished product at the end part, 90-degree overturning of the fixing direction with two fires and forging and shaping from the middle part of the plate blank to the two ends is adopted, so that the plate shape can be effectively controlled, the machining loss is reduced, the yield of the forged plate blank can be obviously improved, and meanwhile, the forging fire is not required to be increased, so that the forging method is suitable for industrial production;
(2) The invention does not increase the polishing cost due to upsetting folding in the conventional process of producing the plate blank by using the VAR smelting and drawing forging mode, so the production cost is relatively low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a tongue forged by the prior art "VAR ingot casting+slab forging" process;
FIG. 2 is a forged tongue of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further elucidated with reference to the drawings and to specific embodiments. The following are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any identical or similar solution without departing from the inventive concept shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. And hereinafter: "≡" refers to the height of a billet having a square cross section, and "φ" refers to the diameter of a billet having a circular cross section.
Example 1
The forging method for improving the yield of the large-size titanium plate blank in the embodiment is mainly realized by the following steps:
(1) Mechanically processing two ends of an ingot: pure titanium cast ingots with diameter phi 1080mm produced by applicant company are adopted, and the weight of the cast ingots is about 10-11 tons; turning a loose layer which is more than or equal to 10mm from the edge to the R/2 of the end surface of the bottom of the ingot casting, wherein the chamfer angle of the head of the titanium ingot casting is more than or equal to 30mm multiplied by 45 degrees, the chamfer angle of the bottom of the titanium ingot casting is more than or equal to R50 mm;
(2) Heating by a first fire: coating a layer of high-temperature protective coating on the surface of the titanium ingot processed in the step (1), and then feeding the ingot into a gas heating furnace or an electric heating furnace for first fire heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1050 ℃, and the heat preservation coefficient is 0.5;
(3) First fire spread forging and end near-end forging: clamping a round rolling pin (diameter phi 400 mm) by using an operating machine of a 40/45MN quick forging machine of applicant company, stretching and forging the ingot along the length direction of the titanium ingot, pressing two sides and then pressing the middle, forging and pressing for 4 times each time when the rolling reduction is within the range of 30-100 mm, stretching the width to 1550-160 mm, then trimming and shaping the stretched slab by using a flat anvil, wherein the shaping size is +.020X10xL, and finally pressing the thickness of the two ends of the slab within the range of about 700mm to 250mm; the forging deformation process involved in this step is: Φ1080×l→ → ≡350×1400×l (thickness of 250mm in the range of about 700mm at both ends);
(4) Heating by a second fire: returning the blank after edge trimming and shaping to a furnace for second fire heating, wherein the heating temperature is 950 ℃, and the heat preservation coefficient is 0.4;
(5) Second fire forging: and forging the plate blank after furnace return to ≡215×1285× Lmm by using upper and lower flat anvils, and then controlling the tongue and the plate shape by adopting a mode of turning over in a fixed direction of 90 degrees and forging and shaping from the middle part to two ends of the plate blank (as shown in figure 2), forging to the required finished product size, wherein the feeding amount of each hammer is controlled within a range of 50-300 mm, and the pressing amount of each hammer is controlled within a range of 10-50 mm. Leveling and straightening the forged plate blank according to the plate type condition to finish plate blank forging; the forging deformation process involved in this step is ≡350×1400×l → →215×1285×l;
(6) And (3) slab machining: firstly, rough milling is carried out by a milling machine to remove the oxide skin on the surface of the slab, the milling amount is about 3-10 mm, and the slab tongue is removed by a sawing machine or a flame cutting mode after rough milling. And (3) carrying out finish milling and chamfering on the plate blank after the plate blank is cut by a milling machine, wherein the finish milling amount is 1-5 mm, and finishing machining of the plate blank, wherein the finished product size of the machined plate blank is ≡200+10-5×1260+15×0×L (L is more than or equal to 6500 mm). And (3) injection: and the thickness dimension tolerance of the slab with the nominal dimension of ≡200 multiplied by 1260 multiplied by L is-5 to +10mm, the width dimension tolerance of the slab with the nominal dimension of ≡10 multiplied by 0 multiplied by 15 multiplied by 0 multiplied by L, and the length of the slab is not fixed.
The slab produced by the steps can effectively control the tongue and the plate shape, and the comparison pictures of the tongue before and after the production by adopting the method are shown in fig. 1 and 2. Through statistics, the yield of the ≡200X1260 XL plate blank produced by the method is as high as more than 91%. Before the method is adopted, the yield of the plate blanks produced by the company is basically 85-89%. Therefore, the preparation method for improving the plate blank yield is very effective, greatly improves the plate blank yield on the basis of not increasing fire and energy consumption, reduces the production cost and improves the economic benefit of enterprises.
Claims (5)
1. The forging method for improving the yield of the large-size titanium plate blank is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of:
(1) Heating by a first fire: coating a high-temperature protective coating on the surface of a titanium cast ingot, and then heating the cast ingot by a first fire at a heating temperature of 1000-1100 ℃;
(2) First fire spread forging: discharging the heated cast ingot from the furnace, and then expanding the cast ingot along the length direction of the titanium cast ingot
Wide forging and pressing, wherein the rolling reduction of each time is within the range of 30-100 mm;
(3) Edge trimming and shaping: carrying out edge folding and shaping treatment on the stretched plate blank by using a flat anvil;
(4) End forging: pressing the two ends of the slab to be close to the thickness of a finished product by using a flat anvil when the first fire is towards the end;
(5) Returning the hot materials to the furnace or heating by a second fire: returning the heat material to the furnace when the plate blank processed in the step (4) has no obvious crack, and polishing the plate blank clean after air cooling if the plate blank has obvious crack, and then heating the plate blank by a second fire, wherein the second fire heating temperature is 850-1000 ℃;
(6) Tongue and plate type control: forging the plate blank after furnace return to the size required by the process by using upper and lower flat anvils, controlling the tongue and the plate shape by adopting a mode of turning over the plate blank in a fixed direction by 90 degrees and forging and shaping from the middle part to the two ends of the plate blank, forging to the required finished product size, and leveling and straightening the forged plate blank according to the plate shape condition to finish the forging of the plate blank; the specific operation of the above-mentioned "90 ° turn over in fixed direction" is: after the plate blank is pressed for one time in the thickness direction, the plate blank is required to be turned over for 90 degrees in the fixed direction, forging and pressing in the width direction of the plate blank are carried out, and then the plate blank is turned back for 90 degrees in the previous direction, and forging and pressing in the thickness direction of the plate blank are carried out;
(7) And (3) slab machining: firstly, rough milling is carried out by a milling machine to remove the oxide skin on the surface of the slab, the milling amount is 1-10 mm, the slab tongue is cut after rough milling, and the slab after the slab tongue is cut is subjected to finish milling and chamfering by the milling machine, wherein the finish milling amount is 0.5-3 mm, and the slab machining is completed.
2. The forging method for improving the yield of the large-size titanium plate blanks according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), a circular rolling pin with the diameter of phi 300-phi 600mm is clamped by an operating machine, the number of the stretching forging times is more than 2, and the width dimension of the plate blanks after the stretching forging is 100-500 mm larger than that of the finished plate blanks.
3. The forging method for improving the yield of large-sized titanium plate blanks according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (4), the thickness of both ends of the plate blank within a length range of 800mm is forged to be close to the finished thickness h+ (0-50) mm when the first hot forging is toward the end.
4. The forging method for improving the yield of the large-sized titanium plate blanks according to claim 3, wherein in the step (7), in addition to the fixed direction turning 90 degrees when one-sided pressing is finished, the forging method is a forging method of forging from the middle part of the plate blank to two ends, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: whether the thickness forging and the width edge folding forging are performed, forging is performed from the middle part of the plate blank to two sides in each pass; the feeding amount per hammer is controlled within the range of 50-300 mm, and the pressing amount per hammer is controlled within the range of 10-50 mm.
5. The forging method for improving the yield of large-size titanium plate blanks according to claim 1, further comprising machining two ends of the ingot before heating by a first fire, namely, turning a loose layer which is more than or equal to 10mm from the edge to R/2, wherein the chamfer angle of the head of the ingot is more than or equal to 30mm multiplied by 45 degrees, the chamfer angle of the bottom of the ingot is more than or equal to R50 mm.
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