CN113751190B - Method and system for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore - Google Patents
Method and system for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN113751190B CN113751190B CN202111139665.7A CN202111139665A CN113751190B CN 113751190 B CN113751190 B CN 113751190B CN 202111139665 A CN202111139665 A CN 202111139665A CN 113751190 B CN113751190 B CN 113751190B
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- carnallite
- crystallizer
- potassium chloride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/04—Chlorides
- C01D3/08—Preparation by working up natural or industrial salt mixtures or siliceous minerals
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore, which comprises the following steps: the carnallite raw ore slurry generates low-sodium carnallite slurry in a first flotation device; feeding the low-sodium carnallite slurry into a first screening device to obtain a first oversize product and a first undersize product; sending the first oversize product into a crushing device, and returning the crushed first oversize product to a first flotation device; the first undersize material obtains a crystallizer underflow and a crystallizer overflow liquid in a crystallizer; the bottom flow of the crystallizer is sent to a second screening device to obtain second oversize products and second undersize products, the second oversize products are sent to a crushing device, and the second undersize products are sent to a fourth concentration device for producing potassium chloride; the overflow liquid of the crystallizer generates crude potassium slurry in the second flotation device, and the crude potassium slurry is sent to a fourth concentration device for producing potassium chloride. The invention carries out cyclic screening-crushing treatment on the low-sodium carnallite ore pulp, so that the grain size of the first undersize is uniform and stable, the overflow liquid of the crystallizer is reversely floated again, and potassium resources are recycled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of potassium chloride production, in particular to a method and a system for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ores.
Background
The Chinese potassium resource widely exists in remote areas such as Qinghai, wherein the Qinghai reserve accounts for more than 50% of the national reserve, the representative resource is a salt lake resource, the salt lake resource mainly comprises a sediment resource and a brine resource, the salt lake brine belongs to a liquid chloride mineral resource and is rich in various components, the salt lake brine is processed by carnallite mineral with rich content to prepare potassium chloride to produce potassium fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer is one of three chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus, the potassium element has remarkable effect on the life process in a regulating plant body, the absorption condition of water in the plant body, the synthesis and the transfer of sugar are improved, and the yield and the quality of crops can be effectively improved by using the potassium fertilizer.
There are many processes for producing potash fertilizer by using carnallite raw ore in salt lake brine, and the reverse flotation-cold crystallization process is an advanced process in large-scale production. Raw materials are carnallite raw ores, generally comprise pure carnallite and a certain amount of sodium chloride, and the reverse flotation process during production is as follows: adding a flotation reagent into a saturated flotation medium, selectively increasing the hydrophobicity of the surface of sodium chloride in carnallite raw ore without increasing the hydrophobicity of the carnallite, separating sodium chloride along with foam, leaving the carnallite in ore pulp, dehalogenating to obtain low-sodium carnallite with lower sodium content, adding water into a crystallizer to perform a cold crystallization process, adding water to perform decomposition crystallization, controlling the decomposition condition to supersaturate potassium chloride in the solution, using the supersaturation degree of a carnallite decomposition system to enable the crystal particles of the potassium chloride to grow at normal temperature, obtaining coarse potassium slurry, and performing the processes of filtering, washing and the like to obtain a finished product potassium chloride product with high content, high particle size and low water content.
The quality of crude potassium after crystallization in the reverse flotation-cold crystallization process directly affects the product yield and product quality of the overall process. Because the natural growth cycle of carnallite raw ore is different, the larger the particle size is, the smaller the surface area is, the more difficult decomposition is performed, the carnallite raw ore with larger particle size is difficult to completely decompose in the cold crystallization process, in order to ensure the quality of crude potassium ore pulp, the crude potassium ore pulp produced by a crystallizer is often screened and divided into undersize and oversize, the undersize is taken as crude potassium pulp to enter a crude potassium thickener for subsequent processes to produce potassium chloride, overflow liquid of the oversize and the crystallizer is discharged to a tail salt pond, and overflow liquid of the oversize and the crystallizer still contains a large amount of potassium chloride and sodium chloride and is wasted, and the recovery rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore, which are used for solving the problem of low recovery rate of potassium chloride caused by directly discharging oversize products and overflow liquid of a crystallizer into a tail salt pond in the existing potassium fertilizer production method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, performing reverse flotation on raw carnallite ore slurry in a first flotation device to generate low-sodium carnallite slurry;
the second step, the low-sodium carnallite slurry is sent to a first screening device to be subjected to first screening, and a first oversize product and a first undersize product are obtained;
the third step, the first oversize material is sent to a crushing device for crushing treatment, and the crushed first oversize material is returned to the first flotation device;
a fourth step, decomposing and crystallizing the first undersize material in a crystallizer to obtain a crystallizer underflow and a crystallizer overflow;
a fifth step, the bottom flow of the crystallizer is sent to a second screening device for second screening to obtain second oversize products and second undersize products, the second oversize products are sent to the crushing device, and the second undersize products are sent to a fourth concentration device for producing potassium chloride;
and a sixth step, performing reverse flotation on the overflow liquid of the crystallizer in a second flotation device to generate crude potassium slurry, and sending the crude potassium slurry into the fourth concentration device for producing potassium chloride.
Further, in the second step, the first screening device is a vibrating screen.
Further, in the second step, the low sodium carnallite pulp is concentrated by a second concentrating device before being sent to the first screening device.
Further, in the fourth step, dehalogenation is performed by a dehalogenation apparatus before the first undersize product is decomposed and crystallized in the crystallizer.
Further, in the fifth step, the second screening device is a vibrating screen.
Further, in the sixth step, the crystallizer overflow is concentrated by a third concentrating device before reverse flotation in the second flotation device.
The invention also provides a system for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore, wherein the system comprises a first flotation device, a first screening device, a crushing device, a crystallizer, a second screening device, a fourth concentration device, a washing device, a second flotation device and a tail salt pond;
the first flotation device, the first screening device, the crystallizer, the second screening device, the fourth concentration device and the washing device are sequentially connected, the crushing device is respectively connected with the first screening device, the first flotation device and the second screening device, the second flotation device is respectively connected with the crystallizer and the fourth concentration device, and the tail salt pond is respectively connected with the first flotation device and the second flotation device.
Further, the first screening device and/or the second screening device is a vibrating screen.
Further, a second concentration device is arranged between the first flotation device and the first screening device.
Further, a third concentration device is arranged between the crystallizer and the second flotation device.
Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the potassium chloride from the carnallite raw ore has the following advantages:
the invention aims at the low-sodium carnallite ore pulp produced by a special process, namely a reverse flotation process in a reverse flotation-cold crystallization process, and large-particle carnallite in the low-sodium carnallite ore pulp is subjected to cyclic screening-crushing treatment, so that the particle size of a first undersize material entering a crystallizer for decomposition and crystallization is uniform and stable, the crystallization effect is better, meanwhile, the overflow liquid of the crystallizer is subjected to reverse flotation again, the potassium resource in the overflow liquid is fully recycled, the loss of the potassium resource is reduced, the recovery rate of the whole process is improved by 4.5%, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for producing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a first concentrating device, a first flotation device, a second concentrating device, a 4 tail salt pond, a first screening device, a crushing device, a dehalogenation device, a crystallizer, a second screening device, a fourth concentrating device, a washing device, a third concentrating device and a second flotation device, wherein the first concentrating device, the second flotation device, the third concentrating device, the washing device, the third concentrating device and the second flotation device are respectively arranged in the first concentrating device, the second flotation device, the third concentrating device, the fourth flotation device, the washing device, the third concentrating device and the third flotation device.
Detailed Description
The invention provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific examples described in the following embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of the specific embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of the invention.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a process flow chart of a method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment provides a method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore, which comprises the following steps:
the first step, carrying out reverse flotation on raw carnallite ore slurry in a first flotation device 2 to generate low-sodium carnallite slurry;
the second step, the low-sodium carnallite slurry is sent to a first screening device 5 for first screening, and a first oversize product and a first undersize product are obtained;
thirdly, conveying the first oversize material into a crushing device 6 for crushing treatment, and returning the crushed first oversize material to the first flotation device 2;
a fourth step, decomposing and crystallizing the first undersize material in a crystallizer 8 to obtain a crystallizer underflow and a crystallizer overflow;
a fifth step, the bottom flow of the crystallizer is sent to a second screening device 9 for second screening to obtain second oversize products and second undersize products, the second oversize products are sent to the crushing device 6, and the second undersize products are sent to a fourth concentration device 10 for producing potassium chloride;
and a sixth step, performing reverse flotation on the overflow liquid of the crystallizer in a second flotation device 13 to generate crude potassium slurry, and feeding the crude potassium slurry into the fourth concentration device 10 for producing potassium chloride.
The invention aims at the low-sodium carnallite ore pulp produced by a special process, namely a reverse flotation process in a reverse flotation-cold crystallization process, and large-particle carnallite in the low-sodium carnallite ore pulp is subjected to cyclic screening-crushing treatment, so that the particle size of a first undersize material entering a crystallizer for decomposition and crystallization is uniform and stable, the crystallization effect is better, meanwhile, the overflow liquid of the crystallizer is subjected to reverse flotation again, the potassium resource in the overflow liquid is fully recycled, the loss of the potassium resource is reduced, the recovery rate of the whole process is improved by 4.5%, and the production efficiency is improved.
In the first step, the raw ore slurry of carnallite is a mixture composed of carnallite and sodium chloride particles, and the potassium ion content is about 9.4% -10.5%. After thickening the carnallite raw ore slurry to a suitable concentration in the first thickening apparatus 1, reverse flotation is performed in the first flotation apparatus 2. The thickened carnallite raw ore slurry is sucked from the top of the first flotation device 2, discharged to the bottom, rises in the form of bubbles, is subjected to reverse flotation by adding a flotation reagent, is scraped by the combination of the flotation reagent and sodium chloride by bringing the sodium chloride to the top of the first flotation device 2, and is sent to the tail salt pond 4, and the bottom slurry is the low-sodium carnallite slurry.
The first concentration device 1 enables the concentration of ore pulp to reach a certain production index coefficient, and improves the concentration of discharged materials, in particular to a raw ore thickener.
In the second step, the low sodium carnallite pulp is concentrated by a second concentrating device 3 before being fed to the first screening device 5.
The second concentration device 3 enables the concentration of ore pulp to reach a certain production index coefficient, in particular to a low-sodium thickener.
The first screening device 5 is in particular a vibrating screen. The particles with different particle diameters are separated through the vibrating screen, so that the damage of large particle materials to the screen mesh during centrifugal separation through the centrifugal machine is avoided. The screen aperture of the first screening device 5 is set according to actual production, and in this embodiment, the screen aperture of the first screening device 5 is 2mm.
In the third step, the crushing device 6 crushes the first oversize material to reach the feeding particle size standard, if the first oversize material with larger particle size is obtained through one-time screening and crushing, the first oversize material is returned to the first flotation device 2 for reverse flotation again, and the first oversize material entering the crystallizer 8 is subjected to repeated circulating screening and crushing, so that the particle size of the first oversize material is uniform and stable.
In the fourth step, the first undersize product is dehalogenated by a dehalogenation apparatus 7 prior to decomposition and crystallization in the crystallizer 8.
The dehalogenation apparatus 7 uses a substance (or object) having a plurality of pores as a medium, and allows water in the aqueous material to pass through the pores to trap solid particles on the other side of the medium, thereby achieving separation, the medium used for filtration is called a filter medium (e.g., filter cloth), and the solid portion trapped by the filter medium is called filter residue or filter cake. In particular to a horizontal belt filter, a centrifuge and the like.
When the first undersize is decomposed and crystallized in the crystallizer 8, the decomposition and crystallization conditions are controlled to control the supersaturation degree of potassium chloride in the solution, reduce the quantity of potassium chloride in the solution, achieve the aim of enabling potassium chloride crystal particles to grow large at normal temperature, and ensure the quality and particle size of the potassium chloride because sodium chloride cannot be separated out when the liquid phase is unsaturated, so that the potassium chloride is continuously dissolved until a potassium chloride supersaturated solution is formed, and then separated out from the supersaturated solution, and larger potassium chloride crystal particles are selected to grow on the seed crystal.
In the fifth step, the second screening device 9 is a vibrating screen. The particles with different particle diameters are separated through the vibrating screen, so that the damage of large particle materials to the screen mesh during centrifugal separation through the centrifugal machine is avoided. The screen mesh size of the second screening device 9 is set according to actual production.
The fourth concentrating device 10 is specifically a crude potassium thickener, the second undersize is sent to the fourth concentrating device 10 for producing potassium chloride, specifically, the second undersize enters the crude potassium thickener for concentration, and then enters the washing device 11 for dehalogenation and washing, thus obtaining the refined potassium product potassium chloride.
In the sixth step, the solid content in the overflow liquid of the crystallizer is about 3.3% -5.4%, the potassium ion content is 15.7% -23.6%, and the NaCl content is about 30% -35%, and the overflow liquid of the crystallizer is reversely floated again, so that potassium resources in the overflow liquid of the crystallizer are fully utilized. The bottom slurry from the second flotation device 13 is fed to the fourth concentration device 10 for the production of potassium chloride and the scraped sodium chloride is fed to the tail salt pond 4.
The crystallizer overflow is concentrated by a third concentrating device 12 before reverse flotation in the second flotation device 13.
The third concentrating device 12 is specifically a thickener.
The invention also provides a system for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore, wherein the system comprises a first flotation device 1, a first screening device 5, a crushing device 6, a crystallizer 8, a second screening device 9, a fourth concentration device 10, a washing device 11, a second flotation device 13 and a tail salt pond 4;
the first flotation device 1, the first screening device 5, the crystallizer 8, the second screening device 9, the fourth concentration device 10 and the washing device 11 are sequentially connected, the crushing device 6 is respectively connected with the first screening device 5, the first flotation device 1 and the second screening device 9, the second flotation device 13 is respectively connected with the crystallizer 8 and the fourth concentration device 10, and the tail salt pond 4 is respectively connected with the first flotation device 1 and the second flotation device 13.
The first screening device 5 and/or the second screening device 9 is a vibrating screen.
A second concentrating device 3 is arranged between the first flotation device 2 and the first screening device 5.
A third concentrating device 12 is arranged between the crystallizer 8 and the second flotation device 13.
The function of each device is described above and is not described here.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, performing reverse flotation on raw carnallite ore slurry in a first flotation device (2), and removing sodium chloride by combining a flotation reagent with the sodium chloride to generate low-sodium carnallite slurry;
the second step, the low-sodium carnallite slurry is sent to a first screening device (5) for first screening, and a first oversize product and a first undersize product are obtained;
thirdly, conveying the first oversize material into a crushing device (6) for crushing treatment so as to reach the feeding particle diameter standard, returning the crushed first oversize material to the first flotation device (2), and performing reverse flotation again;
a fourth step, decomposing and crystallizing the first undersize material in a crystallizer (8) to obtain a crystallizer underflow and a crystallizer overflow;
a fifth step, the crystallizer underflow is sent to a second screening device (9) for second screening to obtain second oversize products and second undersize products, the second oversize products are sent to the crushing device (6), and the second undersize products are sent to a fourth concentration device (10) for producing potassium chloride;
and a sixth step, performing reverse flotation on the crystallizer overflow liquid in a second flotation device (13) to generate crude potassium slurry, and sending the crude potassium slurry into the fourth concentration device (10) for producing potassium chloride.
2. The method for producing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to claim 1, wherein in said second step said first screening means (5) is a vibrating screen.
3. The method for producing potassium chloride from raw carnallite ore according to claim 1, wherein in said second step said low sodium carnallite pulp is concentrated by a second concentrating device (3) before being fed to said first screening device (5).
4. The method for producing potassium chloride from raw carnallite ore according to claim 1, wherein in said fourth step said first undersize is dehalogenated by a dehalogenation apparatus (7) before decomposing and crystallizing in said crystallizer (8).
5. The method for producing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to claim 1, wherein in said fifth step said second screening means (9) is a vibrating screen.
6. The method for producing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to claim 1, wherein in said sixth step said crystallizer overflow is concentrated by a third concentrating device (12) before being subjected to reverse flotation in said second flotation device (13).
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| CN114538475B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-10-17 | 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 | Potassium chloride production system and production method |
| CN115159547A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-10-11 | 成都泰利创富锂业科技有限公司 | Method for improving recovery rate of potassium chloride prepared from raw ore carnallite |
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| CN107572552B (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-03-24 | 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 | Production process for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite |
| CN109896537B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-07-23 | 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 | Method and system for recycling overflow of crystallizer |
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| CN111422883B (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2022-09-13 | 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore |
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