CN113751190A - Method and system for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore - Google Patents
Method and system for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN113751190A CN113751190A CN202111139665.7A CN202111139665A CN113751190A CN 113751190 A CN113751190 A CN 113751190A CN 202111139665 A CN202111139665 A CN 202111139665A CN 113751190 A CN113751190 A CN 113751190A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/04—Chlorides
- C01D3/08—Preparation by working up natural or industrial salt mixtures or siliceous minerals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore, which comprises the following steps: generating low-sodium carnallite slurry from raw carnallite slurry in a first flotation device; sending the low-sodium carnallite slurry into a first screening device to obtain a first oversize product and a first undersize product; feeding the first oversize product into a crushing device, and returning the crushed first oversize product to a first flotation device; the first undersize product obtains a crystallizer underflow and a crystallizer overflow liquid in a crystallizer; the bottom flow of the crystallizer is sent to a second screening device to obtain a second oversize product and a second undersize product, the second oversize product is sent to a crushing device, and the second undersize product is sent to a fourth concentrating device to be used for producing potassium chloride; and (4) generating crude potassium slurry in the second flotation device by using the overflow liquid of the crystallizer, and sending the crude potassium slurry to a fourth concentration device for producing potassium chloride. The method comprises the steps of performing circulating screening-crushing treatment on the low-sodium carnallite pulp to enable the particle size of the first undersize to be uniform and stable, performing reverse flotation on the overflow liquid of the crystallizer again, and recycling potassium resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of potassium chloride production, in particular to a method and a system for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore.
Background
The potassium resource of China widely exists in remote areas such as Qinghai, wherein the reserve of Qinghai accounts for more than 50% of the national reserve, the representative resource is salt lake resource, the salt lake resource mainly comprises deposition resource and brine resource, the salt lake brine belongs to liquid chloride mineral resource and is rich in various components, the salt lake brine utilizes carnallite with rich content to process and prepare potassium chloride to produce potassium fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer is one of three chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium, the potassium element has obvious effect on regulating the life process in plants, the potassium fertilizer is favorable for improving the absorption condition of water in the plants and the synthesis and transfer of saccharides, and the yield and quality of crops can be effectively improved by using the potassium fertilizer.
The processes for producing the potash fertilizer by using the carnallite raw ore in the salt lake brine are various, and the reverse flotation-cold crystallization process is an advanced process in large-scale production. The raw material is often carnallite raw ore, generally comprises pure carnallite and a certain amount of sodium chloride, and the reverse flotation process during production comprises the following steps: adding a flotation reagent into a saturated flotation medium to selectively increase the hydrophobicity of the surface of sodium chloride in crude carnallite without increasing the hydrophobicity of carnallite, separating out the sodium chloride along with foams, leaving the carnallite in ore pulp, dehalogenating to obtain low-sodium carnallite with lower sodium content, then feeding the low-sodium carnallite into a crystallizer to perform a cold crystallization process, adding water to perform decomposition and crystallization, controlling the decomposition conditions to ensure that potassium chloride in the solution is supersaturated, growing potassium chloride crystal particles at normal temperature by utilizing the supersaturation degree of a carnallite decomposition system to obtain crude potassium slurry, and then performing filtration, washing and other processes to obtain the finished potassium chloride product, wherein the produced potassium chloride product has high content, high particle size and low moisture.
The quality of the crude potassium after crystallization in the reverse flotation-cold crystallization process directly affects the product yield and the product quality of the whole process. The crude carnallite raw ore is difficult to decompose due to different natural growth periods, different particle sizes, larger particles and smaller surface area, and the crude carnallite raw ore with larger particle size is difficult to decompose completely in a cold crystallization process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore, which are used for solving the problem of low potassium chloride recovery rate caused by directly discharging oversize products and overflow liquid of a crystallizer to a tail salt pond in the existing potassium fertilizer production method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out reverse flotation on carnallite raw ore slurry in a first flotation device to generate low-sodium carnallite slurry;
a second step of sending the low-sodium carnallite slurry into a first screening device for first screening to obtain a first oversize product and a first undersize product;
a third step of sending the first oversize product to a crushing device for crushing treatment, and returning the crushed first oversize product to the first flotation device;
a fourth step, decomposing and crystallizing the first undersize in a crystallizer to obtain a crystallizer underflow and a crystallizer overflow liquid;
a fifth step, feeding the bottom flow of the crystallizer into a second screening device for second screening to obtain a second oversize product and a second undersize product, feeding the second oversize product into the crushing device, and feeding the second undersize product into a fourth concentrating device for producing potassium chloride;
and sixthly, performing reverse flotation on the overflow liquid of the crystallizer in a second flotation device to generate crude potassium slurry, and sending the crude potassium slurry to the fourth concentration device to produce potassium chloride.
Further, in the second step, the first screening device is a vibrating screen.
Further, in the second step, the low sodium carnallite pulp is concentrated by a second concentrating device before being sent to the first screening device.
Further, in the fourth step, before the first undersize is decomposed and crystallized in the crystallizer, dehalogenation is performed by a dehalogenation device.
Further, in the fifth step, the second screening device is a vibrating screen.
In the sixth step, the overflow liquid of the crystallizer is concentrated by a third concentration device before the reverse flotation in the second flotation device.
The invention also provides a system for preparing potassium chloride from the carnallite raw ore, wherein the system comprises a first flotation device, a first screening device, a crushing device, a crystallizer, a second screening device, a fourth concentrating device, a washing device, a second flotation device and a tail salt pond;
the first flotation device, the first screening device, the crystallizer, the second screening device, the fourth concentration device and the washing device are sequentially connected, the crushing device is respectively connected with the first screening device, the first flotation device and the second screening device, the second flotation device is respectively connected with the crystallizer and the fourth concentration device, and the tailing pond is respectively connected with the first flotation device and the second flotation device.
Further, the first screening device and/or the second screening device is a vibrating screen.
Further, a second concentration device is arranged between the first flotation device and the first screening device.
Further, a third concentration device is arranged between the crystallizer and the second flotation device.
Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the potassium chloride from the carnallite raw ore has the following advantages:
the invention aims to provide a low-sodium carnallite pulp produced in a reverse flotation process in a reverse flotation-cold crystallization process, which is a special process, wherein large-particle carnallite in the low-sodium carnallite pulp is subjected to circulating screening-crushing treatment, so that the particle size of a first undersize entering a crystallizer for decomposition and crystallization is uniform and stable, the crystallization effect is better, meanwhile, overflow liquid of the crystallizer is subjected to reverse flotation again, potassium resources in the overflow liquid are fully recycled, the loss of the potassium resources is reduced, the recovery rate of the whole process is improved by 4.5%, and the production efficiency is improved.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
the system comprises a first concentration device 1, a first flotation device 2, a second concentration device 3, a salt tank 4, a first screening device 5, a crushing device 6, a dehalogenation device 7, a crystallizer 8, a second screening device 9, a fourth concentration device 10, a washing device 11, a third concentration device 12 and a second flotation device 13.
Detailed Description
The present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific examples described in the following embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description of embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a process flow chart of a method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
The embodiment provides a method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out reverse flotation on carnallite raw ore slurry in a first flotation device 2 to generate low-sodium carnallite slurry;
a second step of sending the low-sodium carnallite slurry to a first screening device 5 for first screening to obtain a first oversize product and a first undersize product;
a third step of sending the first oversize products to a crushing device 6 for crushing treatment, and returning the crushed first oversize products to the first flotation device 2;
a fourth step, decomposing and crystallizing the first undersize in a crystallizer 8 to obtain a crystallizer underflow and a crystallizer overflow liquid;
a fifth step, feeding the bottom flow of the crystallizer into a second screening device 9 for second screening to obtain a second oversize product and a second undersize product, feeding the second oversize product into the crushing device 6, and feeding the second undersize product into a fourth concentrating device 10 for producing potassium chloride;
and in the sixth step, reverse flotation is performed on the overflow liquid of the crystallizer in a second flotation device 13 to generate crude potassium slurry, and the crude potassium slurry is sent to the fourth concentration device 10 to be used for producing potassium chloride.
The invention aims to provide a low-sodium carnallite pulp produced in a reverse flotation process in a reverse flotation-cold crystallization process, which is a special process, wherein large-particle carnallite in the low-sodium carnallite pulp is subjected to circulating screening-crushing treatment, so that the particle size of a first undersize entering a crystallizer for decomposition and crystallization is uniform and stable, the crystallization effect is better, meanwhile, overflow liquid of the crystallizer is subjected to reverse flotation again, potassium resources in the overflow liquid are fully recycled, the loss of the potassium resources is reduced, the recovery rate of the whole process is improved by 4.5%, and the production efficiency is improved.
In the first step, the carnallite raw ore pulp is a mixture consisting of carnallite and sodium chloride particles, and the content of potassium ions is about 9.4-10.5%. After the carnallite raw ore slurry is thickened to a proper concentration in the first concentration device 1, reverse flotation is carried out in the first flotation device 2. And sucking the thickened carnallite raw ore slurry from the top of the first flotation device 2, discharging the thickened carnallite raw ore slurry to the bottom, ascending in the form of bubbles, adding a flotation reagent for reverse flotation, combining the flotation reagent with sodium chloride, carrying the sodium chloride to the top of the first flotation device 2 so as to scrape the sodium chloride, and sending the sodium chloride to a tail salt pond 4, wherein the bottom slurry is the low-sodium carnallite slurry.
The first concentration device 1 enables the concentration of ore pulp to reach a certain production index coefficient, improves the discharging concentration, and is specifically a raw ore thickener.
In the second step, the low sodium carnallite pulp is concentrated by a second concentrating device 3 before being sent to the first screening device 5.
The second concentration device 3 enables the concentration of ore pulp to reach a certain production index coefficient, and is specifically a low-sodium thickener.
The first screening device 5 is specifically a vibrating screen. The particles with different particle diameters are separated through the vibrating screen, so that the damage of large-particle materials to the screen is avoided when the large-particle materials are centrifugally separated through a centrifugal machine. The mesh size of the first screening device 5 is set according to actual production, and in this embodiment, the mesh size of the first screening device 5 is 2 mm.
In the third step, the crushing device 6 crushes the first oversize products to reach the standard of the fed material particle size, and if the first oversize products with larger particle sizes still exist after primary screening-crushing, the first oversize products are returned to the first flotation device 2 for secondary reverse flotation, and the first undersize products entering the crystallizer 8 are uniformly and stably in particle size after multiple times of circulating screening and crushing.
In the fourth step, the first undersize is dehalogenated by a dehalogenation device 7 before decomposing crystals in the crystallizer 8.
The dehalogenation apparatus 7 uses a substance (or object) with many pores as a medium, so that water in the water-containing material passes through the pores to trap solid particles on the other side of the medium, thereby achieving the purpose of separation, and the medium for filtration is called a filter medium (such as filter cloth), and the solid part trapped by the filter medium is called filter residue or filter cake. In particular to a horizontal belt filter, a centrifuge and the like.
When the first undersize product is decomposed and crystallized in the crystallizer 8, the decomposition and crystallization conditions are controlled to control the supersaturation degree of potassium chloride in the solution, reduce the amount of potassium chloride in the solution, and achieve the purpose of making potassium chloride crystal particles grow at normal temperature, while sodium chloride can not be separated out when the liquid phase is unsaturated, thereby ensuring the quality and particle size of potassium chloride, potassium chloride is continuously dissolved until potassium chloride supersaturated solution is formed, potassium chloride is separated out from the supersaturated solution, and large potassium chloride crystal particles are selectively grown on the seed crystal.
In the fifth step, the second screening device 9 is a vibrating screen. The particles with different particle diameters are separated through the vibrating screen, so that the damage of large-particle materials to the screen is avoided when the large-particle materials are centrifugally separated through a centrifugal machine. The screen aperture of the second screening device 9 is set according to actual production.
The fourth concentration device 10 is specifically a crude potassium thickener, the second undersize is sent to the fourth concentration device 10 for producing potassium chloride, and specifically, the second undersize enters the crude potassium thickener for concentration, and then enters the washing device 11 for dehalogenation and washing, so that the refined potassium product potassium chloride is obtained.
In the sixth step, the solid content of the overflow liquid of the crystallizer is about 3.3-5.4%, the potassium ion content of the overflow liquid of the crystallizer is 15.7-23.6%, the NaCl content of the overflow liquid of the crystallizer is about 30-35%, and the overflow liquid of the crystallizer is subjected to reverse flotation again, so that the potassium resource in the overflow liquid of the crystallizer is fully utilized. The bottom slurry from the second flotation unit 13 is fed to the fourth concentration unit 10 for potassium chloride production and the scraped sodium chloride is fed to the tailing pond 4.
The crystallizer overflow is concentrated by a third concentration device 12 before the reverse flotation in the second flotation device 13.
The third concentration device 12 is specifically a thickener.
The invention also provides a system for preparing potassium chloride from the carnallite raw ore, wherein the system comprises a first flotation device 1, a first screening device 5, a crushing device 6, a crystallizer 8, a second screening device 9, a fourth concentration device 10, a washing device 11, a second flotation device 13 and a tail salt pond 4;
first flotation device 1 first screening plant 5 crystallizer 8 second screening plant 9 fourth enrichment facility 10 washing device 11 connects gradually, breaker 6 respectively with first screening plant 5 first flotation device 1 second screening plant 9 connects, second flotation device 13 respectively with crystallizer 8 fourth enrichment facility 10 connects, tail salt pond 4 respectively with first flotation device 1 second flotation device 13 connects.
The first screening device 5 and/or the second screening device 9 is a vibrating screen.
A second concentration device 3 is arranged between the first flotation device 2 and the first screening device 5.
A third concentration device 12 is arranged between the crystallizer 8 and the second flotation device 13.
The functions of the devices are described above and will not be described in detail here.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, carnallite raw ore slurry is subjected to reverse flotation in a first flotation device (2) to generate low-sodium carnallite slurry;
secondly, sending the low-sodium carnallite slurry into a first screening device (5) for first screening to obtain a first oversize product and a first undersize product;
a third step of sending the first oversize products into a crushing device (6) for crushing treatment, and returning the crushed first oversize products to the first flotation device (2);
a fourth step, decomposing and crystallizing the first undersize in a crystallizer (8) to obtain a crystallizer underflow and a crystallizer overflow liquid;
a fifth step, the bottom flow of the crystallizer is sent to a second screening device (9) for second screening to obtain a second oversize product and a second undersize product, the second oversize product is sent to the crushing device (6), and the second undersize product is sent to a fourth concentrating device (10) for producing potassium chloride;
and sixthly, performing reverse flotation on the overflow liquid of the crystallizer in a second flotation device (13) to generate crude potassium slurry, and sending the crude potassium slurry to the fourth concentration device (10) for producing potassium chloride.
2. The process for the production of potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to claim 1 wherein in said second step said first screening means (5) is a vibrating screen.
3. A process for the production of potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to claim 1 wherein in said second step the low sodium carnallite pulp is concentrated by a second concentrating device (3) before being fed to said first screening device (5).
4. The method for producing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to claim 1, wherein in said fourth step, said first undersize is dehalogenated by a dehalogenation apparatus (7) before decomposing crystals in said crystallizer (8).
5. The process for the production of potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to claim 1 wherein in said fifth step said second screening means (9) is a vibrating screen.
6. The process for the production of potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to claim 1 wherein in the sixth step the crystallizer overflow is concentrated by a third concentration device (12) before reverse flotation in the second flotation device (13).
7. A system for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore comprises a first flotation device (2), a first screening device (5), a crushing device (6), a crystallizer (8), a second screening device (9), a fourth concentration device (10), a washing device (11), a second flotation device (13) and a tail salt pond (4);
first flotation device (2), first screening plant (5) crystallizer (8) second screening plant (9) fourth enrichment facility (10) washing device (11) are connected in proper order, breaker (6) respectively with first screening plant (5) first flotation device (2) second screening plant (9) are connected, second flotation device (13) respectively with crystallizer (8) fourth enrichment facility (10) are connected, tail salt pond (4) respectively with first flotation device (2) second flotation device (13) are connected.
8. System for producing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to claim 7 wherein said first and/or second screening means (5, 9) are vibrating screens.
9. System for producing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to claim 7 wherein a second concentration device (3) is provided between said first flotation device (2) and said first screening device (5).
10. System for producing potassium chloride from carnallite raw ore according to claim 7 wherein a third concentration device (12) is provided between the crystallizer (8) and the second flotation device (13).
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| CN114538475A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-27 | 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 | Potassium chloride production system and production method |
| CN115159547A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-10-11 | 成都泰利创富锂业科技有限公司 | Method for improving recovery rate of potassium chloride prepared from raw ore carnallite |
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