CN113746143B - Intelligent switching method and system for standby power supply of power distribution network - Google Patents
Intelligent switching method and system for standby power supply of power distribution network Download PDFInfo
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- CN113746143B CN113746143B CN202111198497.9A CN202111198497A CN113746143B CN 113746143 B CN113746143 B CN 113746143B CN 202111198497 A CN202111198497 A CN 202111198497A CN 113746143 B CN113746143 B CN 113746143B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
- H02J3/0073—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source when the main path fails, e.g. transformers, busbars
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
- H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent switching method and system for a standby power supply of a power distribution network, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s10, collecting the distribution position and the power type of each distributed power supply; s20, detecting the output force, total station load and parameter information of a bus at the station end of each distributed power supply at the station end; the parameter information of the station bus comprises: the voltage U and the frequency f of each bus at the station end and the phase theta of the main power supply and the standby power supply; s30, executing different operations according to the power supply type of each distributed power supply and the station end load information; the invention has the beneficial effects of fully considering a large number of distributed power supply accesses, effectively solving the problem of distributed power supply isolated network operation and improving the power supply reliability, and is suitable for the field of electric power facilities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power facilities, in particular to an intelligent switching method and system for standby power supply of a power distribution network
Background
The distributed power supply is mainly divided into synchronous generator type power supplies, such as small water and thermal power units; and inverter-type power sources, such as distributed photovoltaic and wind turbines; the synchronous generator type power supply can deeply regulate and control the voltage and the frequency of a power grid, when the inverter type power supply is applied in grid connection, the inverter type power supply depends on the voltage and the frequency value provided by the inverter reference power grid side, and different control strategies are adopted to complete the control of the synchronous generator type power supply and the power grid and realize grid connection operation, but the control capacity is poor, the regulation tasks of the power grid frequency and the voltage cannot be independently born, and when the inverter type power supply independently operates, an electric island is easily formed, the safety is influenced, and the development requirement of the grid connection of the distributed power supply is restricted.
At present, a large number of distributed power supplies are accessed to a power distribution website end, so that the traditional power distribution network is changed from a passive network to an active network; on the one hand, after the upper main power supply line is powered off, various distributed power supplies in the station end area can still supply power to important users, so that the power supply reliability of the users can be improved; on the other hand, distributed power sources present a risk of isolated network operation as described above, namely: because the voltage and frequency adjusting capability of the distributed power supply is poor, the voltage and frequency of the isolated network operation condition do not meet the normal operation condition of the equipment, and the electrical equipment can be damaged.
After the main power supply of the transformer substation is powered off, in order to ensure the power supply reliability of a user, a spare power automatic switching device is generally configured, and the action conditions of the traditional spare power automatic switching device are as follows:
(1) The main power supply has no voltage and no current, and the voltage-losing bus has no voltage (the voltage is lower than a set value);
(2) The standby power supply has voltage;
if a small power supply exists at the station end, the spare power automatic switching is operated to meet the conditions (1) and (2) of the operation, a simple combined-switching small power supply grid-connected switch is adopted, and the spare power automatic switching operation recovers the power supply to the power failure equipment.
Along with the access of a large number of distributed power sources, the traditional spare power automatic switching principle does not fully consider the access of a large number of distributed small power sources, can not fully exert the supporting effect of the distributed power sources on a power distribution network, and meanwhile, the traditional spare power automatic switching device does not have the synchronization detection function and can not solve the problem of the isolated network operation of the distributed power sources.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the related technology, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the intelligent switching method and system for the standby power supply of the power distribution network fully consider a large number of distributed power supply accesses, effectively solve the problem of isolated network operation of the distributed power supply and improve the power supply reliability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an intelligent switching method for a standby power supply of a power distribution network comprises the following steps:
s10, collecting the distribution position and the power type of each distributed power supply;
s20, detecting the output force, total station load and parameter information of a bus at the station end of each distributed power supply at the station end; the parameter information of the station bus comprises: the voltage U and the frequency f of each bus at the station end and the phase theta of the main power supply and the standby power supply;
s30, executing different operations according to the power supply type of each distributed power supply and the station end load information, wherein the operations comprise:
s301, judging whether a synchronous generator type power supply exists in the distributed power supply, if so, executing a step S302, otherwise, executing a step S306;
s302, judging whether an inverter type power supply exists in the distributed power supply, if not, executing a step S303, otherwise, executing a step S304;
s303, judging whether the output of the synchronous generator type power supply meets the power supply of all loads in the station, if so, adjusting the output value of the synchronous generator type power supply to meet the power supply of all loads, and if not, cutting off part of the loads according to the importance degree of the loads to achieve power balance;
s304, judging whether the total output of the total station distributed power supply meets the power supply of all loads in the station, if so, executing step S3041; if not, executing step S3042;
s3041, performing energy optimization calculation on power distribution of an inverter type power supply and a synchronous type power supply so as to ensure that the inverter type power supply outputs preferentially and power balance is achieved;
s3042, after partial load is cut off according to the importance degree of the load, executing step S3041;
s305, after the power balance is achieved in the step S303 or the step 304, grid connection detection is carried out, and if synchronous grid connection conditions are met, grid connection operation is carried out; if not, cutting off the small power supply and executing step S306;
s306, the spare power automatic switching module acts to recover the power supply of the power-losing user.
Preferably, the step S303 specifically includes:
s3031, establishing a power objective function according to the total station load and the output change of the synchronous generator type power supply;
the expression of the power objective function is as follows:
wherein: t represents time, i represents the number of synchronous generator type power supplies, j represents the number of loads, Σp Gi Representing the output of a synchronous machine type power supply, sigma P Lj Representing total station load;
s3032, establishing a load cutting objective function according to the importance degree of the load;
the expression of the load shedding objective function is as follows:
wherein: w (W) j A weight coefficient for the j-th load importance degree;
s3033, adjusting the output of the synchronous generator type power supply according to the real-time change of the load, and cutting off part of the load according to the importance degree of the load when the total load exceeds the total power of the synchronous generator type power supply.
Preferably, the step S3041 specifically includes:
s3041-1, when the total power of the station-side distributed power supply meets the power supply of the whole station load, setting the priority order of power generation so as to enable clean energy to generate power preferentially;
s3041-2, establishing an objective function; the expression of the objective function is as follows:
wherein: Σp DGk The output of the inverter type power supply is represented, k is the number of the inverter type distributed power supplies, and t is time;
s3041-3, constructing an adaptability function according to the objective function of the formula (3), wherein the expression of the adaptability function is as follows:
wherein: p in formula (5) VA Representing the power deficit, b representing a penalty factor for the power deficit,
the output of each inverter type distributed power supply is represented, and a represents the weight coefficient of each inverter type distributed power supply;
s3041-4, establishing a mathematical model of energy optimization;
s3041-5, performing energy optimization calculation on the objective function and the fitness function through a genetic algorithm to obtain an optimal distribution scheme of the output of the inverter type power supply and the synchronous machine type power supply.
Preferably, the mathematical model of energy optimization in step S3041-4 includes: constraint conditions and check conditions of bus voltage, frequency and power in the station are specifically as follows:
the power balance constraint is expressed as follows:
the photovoltaic output value is constrained to change, and the expression is as follows:
wherein:
an upper limit/rating for the output of the inverted distributed power supply;
grid quota constraint, expressed as follows:
P min <P DGk.t <P max formula (6-3);
wherein: p (P) min And P max The power lower limit and the upper limit of the output of the power grid receiving the inverse power supply are respectively set;
the voltage verification is as follows:
U min <U<U max formula (6-4);
frequency verification, the expression is as follows:
f min <f<f max formula (6-5);
the power check is expressed as follows:
P min <P<P max formula (6-6).
Preferably, in the step S305, the grid-connected operation includes:
s3051, determining the voltage deviation value DeltaU of each bus bus The phase deviation delta theta of the station end and the standby power supply meets the synchronous grid-connected condition or not; the synchronous grid-connected operation condition comprises:
the total power output of the power supply of the station end is equal to the total load of the station end; namely: Σp S ＝∑P L Formula (7-1);
the voltage deviation value of each bus is larger than a set value; namely: deltaU bus <△U Nest Formula (7-2);
the frequency deviation value is larger than the set value; namely: Δf<△f Nest Formula (7-3);
phase angle difference between the distributed power supply and the standby power supply; namely: delta theta<△θ Nest Formula (7-4);
if the conditions in the formulas (7-1) to (7-4) are all satisfied, executing synchronous grid-connected operation;
wherein: the total output of the power supply is the sum of the output of the synchronous machine type power supply and the output of the inverter type power supply, and is expressed as:
∑P S ＝∑P G +∑P DG ；∑P G representing the total output of a station-side synchronous machine type power supply, sigma P DG Representing the total output of a distributed power supply at a station end, sigma P S Representing the sum of the total output of all types of power supplies at the station end.
Preferably, in the step S305, the co-cutting small power supply operation includes:
s3052, setting a combined cutting small power supply action strategy;
according to the judgment whether the synchronous grid-connected condition is met, 3051 grid-connected action is executed; and if not, executing the operation of switching the small power supply together, switching the grid-connected switch of the small power supply together, accelerating the voltage loss of the bus, and starting the automatic spare power switching after each electric quantity at the station end meets the action condition of the automatic spare power switching.
Preferably, in the step S303 and the step S3042, an action policy of cutting off the partial load is provided, and the action policy of cutting off the partial load includes:
∑P S <∑P L formula (8-1);
70％U N ＜U＜U N formula (8-2);
46.5HZ < f < 48.5HZ type (8-3);
if one of the conditions in the formulas (8-1) to (8-3) is satisfied, the load shedding module is operated;
wherein ΣP S Sigma P representing the sum of the total output of all types of power supplies at the station end L Representing the total load of the station end, U, f respectively representing the actual values of bus voltage and frequency; u (U) N Is the rated voltage of the bus.
Correspondingly, a distribution network stand-by power supply intelligent switching system, its characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
the station end detection system is used for collecting the distribution position and the power type of each distributed power supply and detecting the output force, the total station load and the parameter information of a station end bus of each distributed power supply at the station end; the parameter information of the station bus comprises: the voltage U and the frequency f of each bus at the station end and the phase theta of the main power supply and the standby power supply;
the logic judging unit is used for executing different operations according to the power supply type of each distributed power supply and the station end load information, and comprises the following steps:
the first judging unit is used for judging whether a synchronous generator type power supply exists in the distributed power supply or not;
a second judging unit for judging whether the inverter type power supply is still present in the distributed power supply when the result output by the first judging unit is present;
the first power balancing unit is used for judging whether the output of the synchronous generator type power supply meets the power supply of all loads in the station or not when the output result of the second judging unit is nonexistent, if so, adjusting the output value of the synchronous generator type power supply to meet the power supply of all the loads, and if not, cutting off part of the loads according to the importance degree of the loads to achieve power balance;
the second power balance unit is used for judging whether the output of the total station inverter type power supply meets the power supply of all loads in the station or not when the output result of the second judging unit is that the output result exists;
the energy management unit is used for carrying out energy optimization calculation on the power distribution of the inverter type power supply and the synchronous machine type power supply when the output result of the second power balance unit is satisfied, so that the inverter type power supply outputs preferentially to achieve power balance; if the load is not satisfied, performing energy optimization calculation after cutting off part of the load according to the importance degree of the load;
the grid-connected detection and combined-cut small power supply unit is used for carrying out grid-connected detection after power balance is achieved;
the switching unit is used for performing grid-connected operation when the output result of the grid-connected detection and combined switching small power supply unit meets the synchronous grid-connected condition, or enabling the spare power automatic switching module to act and recovering power supply of a power-losing user when the output result does not meet the synchronous grid-connected condition; or when the result output by the first judging unit is nonexistent, enabling the spare power automatic switching module to act, and recovering the power supply of the power-losing user.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention relates to an intelligent switching method and system for a standby power supply of a power distribution network, which are used as a judging basis for judging whether distributed power supplies exist or not by collecting the distribution positions and the power supply types of all the distributed power supplies; the invention can fully play the supporting role of the distributed power supply on the power supply of the user, consider a large number of distributed power supplies to be connected in, effectively solve the problem of the isolated network operation of the distributed power supply, improve the power supply reliability and have extremely strong practicability.
2. In the invention, a genetic optimization algorithm is adopted to carry out optimization solution on an energy optimized mathematical model, so as to obtain an optimal distribution scheme of the output of an inversion type power supply and a synchronous type power supply; the synchronous machine type power supply is used for carrying out the tasks of adjusting and stabilizing the system frequency and the voltage in the area, providing accurate voltage and frequency reference for the continuous grid-connected operation control of the inverter type power supply, and achieving the system stability by adopting a constant power control (PQ control mode) for the inverter type power supply; when the total power generation capacity of the total station distributed power supply cannot meet the power supply of the total station load, the load is cut off in sequence according to the importance degree, and then energy optimization and management can be performed.
3. In the invention, a mathematical model which preferably satisfies the maximization of the output of the inverter type power supply is established, and an optimal output scheme is obtained according to a genetic optimization algorithm, so that the utilization efficiency of clean energy is improved, and the power supply economy is further improved.
4. According to the invention, the combined cut-off small power supply action strategy and the cut-off load action strategy are set, so that the full utilization of the distributed power supply can be ensured, and meanwhile, after the small power supply is connected with the system, the cut-off small power supply can be recovered to be connected with the grid or the cut-off user load can be recovered to be supplied with power, and the operation flexibility of the system is further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an intelligent switching method for a standby power supply of a power distribution network according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of step S303 in the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of step S3041 in a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a genetic algorithm optimization calculation flow in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the synchronous grid-connected module and the combined-cut small power module according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the action of the load shedding module in the action strategy for shedding partial load in the second embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent switching system for a standby power supply of a power distribution network according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 10 is a station end detection system, 20 is a logic judgment unit, 30 is a grid-connected detection and combined-cut small power supply unit, and 40 is a switching unit;
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration only, and in which is shown by way of illustration only, and in which the scope of the invention is not limited for ease of illustration. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in actual fabrication.
An embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an intelligent switching method for a standby power supply of a power distribution network includes the following steps:
s10, collecting the distribution position and the power type of each distributed power supply;
s20, detecting the output force, total station load and parameter information of a bus at the station end of each distributed power supply at the station end; the parameter information of the station bus comprises: the voltage U and the frequency f of each bus at the station end and the phase theta of the main power supply and the standby power supply;
s30, executing different operations according to the power supply type of each distributed power supply and the station end load information, wherein the operations comprise:
s301, judging whether a synchronous generator type power supply exists in the distributed power supply, if so, executing a step S302, otherwise, executing a step S306;
s302, judging whether an inverter type power supply exists in the distributed power supply, if not, executing a step S303, otherwise, executing a step S304;
s303, judging whether the output of the synchronous generator type power supply meets the power supply of all loads in the station, if so, adjusting the output value of the synchronous generator type power supply to meet the power supply of all loads, and if not, cutting off part of the loads according to the importance degree of the loads to achieve power balance;
s304, judging whether the total output of the distributed power supply meets the power supply of all loads in the station, if so, executing step S3041; if not, executing step S3042;
s3041, performing energy optimization calculation on power distribution of an inverter type power supply and a synchronous type power supply so as to ensure that the inverter type power supply outputs preferentially and power balance is achieved;
s3042, after partial load is cut off according to the importance degree of the load, executing step S3041;
s305, after the power balance is achieved in the step S303 or the step 304, grid connection detection is carried out, and if synchronous grid connection conditions are met, grid connection operation is carried out; if not, switching a small power supply by the automatic switching equipment, and executing a step S306;
s306, the spare power automatic switching module acts to recover the power supply of the power-losing user.
According to the intelligent switching method for the standby power supply of the power distribution network, the distribution positions and the power supply types of all distributed power supplies are collected to be used as the judging basis for judging whether the distributed power supplies exist; the invention can fully play the supporting role of the distributed power supply on the power supply of the user, consider a large number of distributed power supplies to be connected in, effectively solve the problem of the isolated network operation of the distributed power supply, improve the power supply reliability and have extremely strong practicability.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the step S303 specifically includes:
s3031, establishing a power objective function according to the total station load and the output change of the synchronous generator type power supply;
the expression of the power objective function is as follows:
wherein: t represents time, i represents the number of synchronous generator type power supplies, j represents the number of loads, Σp Gi Representing the output of a synchronous machine type power supply, sigma P Lj Representing total station load;
s3032, establishing a load cutting objective function according to the importance degree of the load;
the expression of the load shedding objective function is as follows:
wherein: w (W) j A weight coefficient for the j-th load importance degree;
s3033, adjusting the output of the synchronous generator type power supply according to the real-time change of the load, and cutting off part of the load according to the importance degree of the load when the total load exceeds the total power of the synchronous generator type power supply.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the step S3041 specifically includes:
s3041-1, when the total power of the station-side distributed power supply meets the power supply of the whole station load, setting the priority order of power generation so as to enable clean energy to generate power preferentially;
s3041-2, establishing an objective function; the expression of the objective function is as follows:
wherein: Σp DGk The output of the inverter type power supply is represented, k is the number of the inverter type distributed power supplies, and t is time;
s3041-3, constructing an fitness function according to the objective function of the formula (3);
in this embodiment, considering the power balance constraint, a penalty term is added, and the penalty factor should be used to punish the term in the case of power shortage, and scale-stretching transformation is performed on the fitness function, so after the expression of the fitness function is transformed, the expression is as follows:
wherein: a kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system(5) P in (3) VA Representing the power deficit, b representing a penalty factor for the power deficit,
the output of each inverter type distributed power supply is represented, and a represents the weight coefficient of each inverter type distributed power supply;
s3041-4, establishing a mathematical model of energy optimization;
s3041-5, performing energy optimization calculation on the objective function and the fitness function through a genetic algorithm to obtain an optimal distribution scheme of the output of the inverter type power supply and the synchronous machine type power supply.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the optimization calculation of the genetic algorithm in step S3041-5 of the present invention.
Specifically, the mathematical model of energy optimization in step S3041-4 includes: constraint conditions and check conditions of bus voltage, frequency and power in the station are specifically as follows:
the power balance constraint is expressed as follows:
the photovoltaic output value is constrained to change, and the expression is as follows:
wherein:
an upper limit/rating for the output of the inverted distributed power supply;
grid quota constraint, expressed as follows:
P min <P DGk.t <P max formula (6-3);
wherein: p (P) min And P max The power lower limit and the upper limit of the output of the power grid receiving the inverse power supply are respectively set;
the voltage verification is as follows:
U min <U<U max formula (6-4);
frequency verification, the expression is as follows:
f min <f<f max formula (6-5);
the power check is expressed as follows:
P min <P<P max formula (6-6).
In the embodiment, a genetic optimization algorithm is adopted to carry out optimization solution on an energy optimization mathematical model, so as to obtain an optimal distribution scheme of the output of the inversion type power supply and the synchronous type power supply; the synchronous machine type power supply is used for carrying out frequency and voltage adjustment and stabilization tasks of the regional system, providing accurate voltage and frequency reference for continuous grid-connected operation control of the inverter type power supply, and achieving system stabilization by adopting constant power control (PQ control mode) for the inverter type power supply.
When the total power generation capacity of the total station distributed power supply cannot meet the power supply of the total station load, the load is cut off in sequence according to the importance degree, and then energy optimization and management can be performed.
In the embodiment, a mathematical model which preferably satisfies maximization of the power output of the inverter type power supply is established, an optimal output scheme is obtained according to a genetic optimization algorithm, the utilization efficiency of clean energy is improved, and the power supply economy is further improved.
Example two
As shown in fig. 5, based on the first embodiment, in the step S305, the grid-connected operation and the combined-cut small power supply operation include:
s3051 determining the voltage deviation value DeltaU of each bus bus The phase deviation delta theta of the station end and the standby power supply meets the synchronous grid-connected condition or not; the synchronous grid-connected operation condition comprises:
the total power output of the station end (comprising the sum of the output of the synchronous machine type power supply and the inverter type power supply) is equal to the total load of the station end, namely
∑P S ＝∑P G +∑P DG ＝∑P L The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the I.e. Sigma P S ＝∑P L Formula (7-1);
the voltage deviation value of each bus is larger than a set value; i.e. DeltaU bus <△U Nest Formula (7-2);
the frequency deviation value is larger than the set value; i.e. Deltaf<△f Nest Formula (7-3);
phase angle difference between the distributed power supply and the standby power supply; i.e. delta theta<△θ Nest Formula (7-4);
if the conditions in the formulas (7-1) to (7-4) are satisfied, the synchronization operation is performed.
Specifically, the combined cut small power supply operation includes:
s3052, setting a combined cutting small power supply action strategy;
according to the judgment whether the synchronous grid-connected condition is met, step S3051 executes grid-connected action; and if not, executing the small power supply combined switching operation, and starting the automatic spare power switching after accelerating the bus voltage loss and enabling each electric quantity at the station end to meet the automatic spare power switching action condition by combining and switching the small power supply grid-connected switch.
In the above condition of grid connection and switching, Σp G Representing the total output of a station-side synchronous machine type power supply, sigma P DG Representing the total output of a distributed power supply at a station end, sigma P S Sigma P representing the sum of the total output of all types of power supplies at the station end L Representing the total load of the station end, U, f respectively representing the actual values of bus voltage and frequency; u (U) N The rated voltage of the bus is set;
as shown in fig. 6, in the step S303 and the step S3042, an action strategy for cutting off the partial load is provided, and the action strategy for cutting off the partial load includes:
∑P S <∑P L formula (8-1);
70％U N ＜U＜U N formula (8-2);
46.5HZ < f < 48.5HZ type (8-3);
if one of the conditions in the formulas (8-1) to (8-3) is satisfied, the load shedding module is operated.
In the embodiment, a load shedding action strategy is set, so that full utilization of the distributed power supply is ensured, and meanwhile, after the small power supply is connected with the system, the cut small power supply can be restored to be connected with the network or the cut user load can be restored to be supplied with power, and the operation flexibility of the system is further improved.
Meanwhile, the embodiment also sets a synchronous grid-connected condition, and when the synchronous grid-connected condition is not met, the system cuts off a small power supply; or the station end has no small power supply, the spare power automatic switching module acts, and the power supply of the power-losing user is recovered; the method comprises the following steps:
if the combined switching small power supply module acts, the system checks whether each electric quantity at the station end meets the spare power automatic switching action condition, and after the electric quantity meets the spare power automatic switching action condition, the original main power supply wire inlet switch is disconnected, the spare power supply switch is closed, and the power supply of a power-losing user is recovered.
If the station end is not connected with the grid by a small power supply, the system checks whether each electric quantity at the station end meets the spare power automatic switching action condition, and after the electric quantity meets the condition, the original main power supply wire inlet switch is disconnected, the spare power supply switch is closed, and the power supply of a power-losing user is recovered.
The embodiment also provides an intelligent switching system for the standby power supply of the power distribution network.
As shown in fig. 7, an intelligent switching system for a backup power supply of a power distribution network includes:
the station end detection system 10 is used for collecting the distribution position and the power type of each distributed power supply, and detecting the output force, the total station load and the parameter information of a station end bus of each distributed power supply at the station end; the parameter information of the station bus comprises: the voltage U and the frequency f of each bus at the station end and the phase theta of the main power supply and the standby power supply;
the logic judging unit 20 is configured to perform different operations according to the power type of each distributed power source and the station load information, and includes:
a first judging unit 201 for judging whether or not there is a synchronous generator type power supply in the distributed power supply;
a second judging unit 202 for judging whether or not an inverter type power source is still present in the distributed power source when the result output by the first judging unit 201 is present;
a first power balancing unit 203, configured to determine, when the output result of the second determining unit 202 is nonexistent, whether the output of the synchronous generator type power supply meets the power supply of all loads in the station, if so, adjust the output value of the synchronous generator type power supply to meet the power supply of all loads, and if not, cut off part of the loads according to the importance of the loads to achieve power balance;
a second power balancing unit 204, configured to determine whether the output of the total station inverter power supply satisfies the power supply of all loads in the station when the output result of the second determining unit 202 is present; if the power distribution of the inverter type power supply and the synchronous type power supply is satisfied, performing energy optimization calculation to ensure that the inverter type power supply outputs preferentially, so as to achieve power balance; if the load is not satisfied, performing energy optimization calculation after cutting off part of the load according to the importance degree of the load;
the grid-connected detection and combined switching small power supply unit 30 is used for carrying out grid-connected detection after power balance is achieved;
the switching unit 40 is configured to perform a grid-connected operation when the output result of the grid-connected detection and combined-cut small power supply unit 30 meets the synchronous grid-connected condition, or make the spare power automatic switching module act to recover the power supply of the power-off user when the output result does not meet the synchronous grid-connected condition; or when the result output by the first judging unit 201 is that the power is not present, the spare power automatic switching module is enabled to act, and the power supply of the power-losing user is recovered.
In this embodiment, the switching of the standby power supply mainly includes:
(1) The station end does not have a distributed power supply, and the system adopts the traditional automatic switching equipment to recover power supply;
(2) The system carries out power balance calculation on the power generation capacity and the power supply load of the synchronous generator type power supply through the power balance unit, adjusts the supply and demand balance of the synchronous generator type power supply and the total station load, and is synchronously connected with the standby power supply to fully play the supporting role of the distributed power supply on the power supply of the user;
(3) The station end is provided with an inverter type power supply and a synchronous generator type power supply; the energy management unit optimizes and distributes the energy in the station according to the output change of each unit and the fluctuation of the load without cutting any distributed power supply at the station end, prioritizes the output of the inverter type power supply and fully plays the advantage of clean energy; in the operation mode, the synchronous generator type power supply bears the adjustment of the frequency and the voltage in the station, keeps the system stable, provides frequency and voltage references for the inverter type power supply, enables the control system to perform good adjustment, outputs stable same frequency and voltage, and keeps stable grid-connected operation; when the frequency, voltage and phase angle of the station end reach the synchronous synchronization condition, the station end is synchronously connected with the standby power supply.
In this embodiment, the method further includes: (4) When the station end only has an inverter type grid-connected distributed power supply, the system automatically cuts off a small power supply so as to meet the spare power automatic switching condition in order to prevent the electric island condition, and the spare power automatic switching is utilized to restore the power supply.
In the above (3), the synchronous machine type power supply is used for controlling the voltage and the frequency, and the inverter type power supply is used for controlling the operation strategy of the voltage and the frequency according to the voltage and the frequency reference of the regional system, so that the problem of system stability and the problem of later synchronous parallel detection when the photovoltaic power supply is independently operated are avoided, and the reliability and the safety of power supply are further improved.
The invention also provides a storage device, wherein a plurality of instructions are stored, and the instructions are suitable for being loaded by a processor and executing the intelligent switching method of the standby power supply of the power distribution network.
The storage device may be a computer readable storage medium, and may include: ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks, etc.
The invention also provides a terminal, which can comprise:
a processor adapted to implement instructions; and a storage device adapted to store a plurality of instructions adapted to be loaded by the processor and to perform the method of intelligent switching of backup power to a power distribution network as described above.
The terminal can be any device capable of realizing intelligent switching of the standby power supply of the power distribution network, and the device can be various terminal equipment, such as: desktop computers, laptop computers, etc., may be implemented in particular by software and/or hardware.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for parts of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
It will be appreciated that the relevant features of the methods, apparatus and systems described above may be referenced to one another. In addition, the "first", "second", and the like in the above embodiments are for distinguishing the embodiments, and do not represent the merits and merits of the embodiments.
It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the above-described system and module may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not repeated herein.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual system, or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems may also be used with the teachings herein. The required structure for the construction of such devices is apparent from the description above. In addition, the present invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that the teachings of the present invention described herein may be implemented in a variety of programming languages, and the above description of specific languages is provided for disclosure of enablement and best mode of the present invention.
In the embodiments provided herein, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented in other ways. The system embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the modules is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions in actual implementation, and e.g., multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some communication interface, device or unit indirect coupling or communication connection, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as modules may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An intelligent switching method for a standby power supply of a power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s10, collecting the distribution position and the power type of each distributed power supply;
s20, detecting the output force, total station load and parameter information of a bus at the station end of each distributed power supply at the station end; the parameter information of the station bus comprises: the voltage U and the frequency f of each bus at the station end and the phase theta of the main power supply and the standby power supply;
s30, executing different operations according to the power supply type of each distributed power supply and the station end load information, wherein the operations comprise:
s301, judging whether a synchronous generator type power supply exists in the distributed power supply, if so, executing a step S302, otherwise, executing a step S306;
s302, judging whether an inverter type power supply exists in the distributed power supply, if not, executing a step S303, otherwise, executing a step S304;
s303, judging whether the output of the synchronous generator type power supply meets the power supply of all loads in the station, if so, adjusting the output value of the synchronous generator type power supply to meet the power supply of all loads, and if not, cutting off part of the loads according to the importance degree of the loads to achieve power balance;
s304, judging whether the total output of the total station distributed power supply meets the power supply of all loads in the station, if so, executing step S3041; if not, executing step S3042;
s3041, performing energy optimization calculation on power distribution of an inverter type power supply and a synchronous type power supply so as to ensure that the inverter type power supply outputs preferentially and power balance is achieved;
s3042, after partial load is cut off according to the importance degree of the load, executing step S3041;
s305, after the power balance is achieved in the step S303 or the step 304, grid connection detection is carried out, and if synchronous grid connection conditions are met, grid connection operation is carried out; if not, cutting off the small power supply and executing step S306;
s306, the spare power automatic switching module acts to recover the power supply of the power-losing user.
2. The intelligent switching method for the standby power supply of the power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent switching method comprises the following steps: the step S303 specifically includes:
s3031, establishing a power objective function according to the total station load and the output change of the synchronous generator type power supply;
the expression of the power objective function is as follows:
wherein: t represents time, i represents the number of synchronous generator type power supplies, j represents the number of loads, Σp Gi Representing the output of a synchronous machine type power supply, sigma P Lj Representing total station load;
s3032, establishing a load cutting objective function according to the importance degree of the load;
the expression of the load shedding objective function is as follows:
wherein: w (W) j A weight coefficient for the j-th load importance degree;
s3033, adjusting the output of the synchronous generator type power supply according to the real-time change of the load, and cutting off part of the load according to the importance degree of the load when the total load exceeds the total power of the synchronous generator type power supply.
3. The intelligent switching method for the standby power supply of the power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent switching method comprises the following steps: the step S3041 specifically includes:
s3041-1, when the total power of the station-side distributed power supply meets the power supply of the whole station load, setting the priority order of power generation so as to enable clean energy to generate power preferentially;
s3041-2, establishing an objective function; the expression of the objective function is as follows:
wherein: Σp DGk The output of the inverter type power supply is represented, k is the number of the inverter type distributed power supplies, and t is time;
s3041-3, constructing an adaptability function according to the objective function of the formula (3), wherein the expression of the adaptability function is as follows:
wherein: p in formula (5) VA Representing the power deficit, b representing a penalty factor for the power deficit,
the output of each inverter type distributed power supply is represented, and a represents the weight coefficient of each inverter type distributed power supply;
s3041-4, establishing a mathematical model of energy optimization;
s3041-5, performing energy optimization calculation on the objective function and the fitness function through a genetic algorithm to obtain an optimal distribution scheme of the output of the inverter type power supply and the synchronous machine type power supply.
4. A method for intelligently switching a backup power source of a power distribution network according to claim 3, wherein: the mathematical model of energy optimization in step S3041-4 includes: constraint conditions and check conditions of bus voltage, frequency and power in the station are specifically as follows:
the power balance constraint is expressed as follows:
the photovoltaic output value is constrained to change, and the expression is as follows:
wherein:
an upper limit/rating for the output of the inverted distributed power supply;
grid quota constraint, expressed as follows:
P min ＜P DGk.t ＜P max formula (6-3);
wherein: p (P) min And P max The power lower limit and the upper limit of the output of the power grid receiving the inverse power supply are respectively set;
the voltage verification is as follows:
U min ＜U＜U max formula (6-4);
frequency verification, the expression is as follows:
f min ＜f＜f max formula (6-5);
the power check is expressed as follows:
P min ＜P＜P max formula (6-6).
5. A method for intelligently switching a backup power source of a power distribution network according to claim 3, wherein: in the step S305, the grid-connected operation includes:
s3051, determining the voltage deviation value DeltaU of each bus bus The phase deviation delta theta of the station end and the standby power supply meets the synchronous grid-connected condition or not; the synchronous grid-connected operation condition comprises:
the total power output of the power supply of the station end is equal to the total load of the station end; namely: Σp S ＝∑P L Formula (7-1);
the voltage deviation value of each bus is larger than a set value; namely: deltaU bus ＜ΔU Nest Formula (7-2);
the frequency deviation value is larger than the set value; namely: Δf < Δf Nest Formula (7-3);
phase angle difference between the distributed power supply and the standby power supply; namely: delta theta < delta theta Nest Formula (7-4);
if the conditions in the formulas (7-1) to (7-4) are all satisfied, executing synchronous grid-connected operation;
wherein: the total output of the power supply is the sum of the output of the synchronous machine type power supply and the output of the inverter type power supply, and is expressed as: Σp S ＝∑P G +∑P DG ；∑P G Representing the total output of a station-side synchronous machine type power supply, sigma P DG Representing the total output of a distributed power supply at a station end, sigma P S Representing the sum of the total output of all types of power supplies at the station end.
6. The intelligent switching method for the standby power supply of the power distribution network according to claim 5, wherein the intelligent switching method comprises the following steps: in the step S305, the combined cut small power supply operation includes:
s3052, setting a combined cutting small power supply action strategy;
according to the judgment whether the synchronous grid-connected condition is met, step S3051 executes grid-connected action; and if not, executing the operation of switching the small power supply together, switching the grid-connected switch of the small power supply together, accelerating the voltage loss of the bus, and starting the automatic spare power switching after each electric quantity at the station end meets the action condition of the automatic spare power switching.
7. The intelligent switching method for the standby power supply of the power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent switching method comprises the following steps: in the step S303 and the step S3042, an action policy of cutting off the partial load is set, and the action policy of cutting off the partial load includes:
∑P s ＜∑P L formula (8-1);
70％U N ＜U＜U N formula (8-2);
46.5HZ < f < 48.5HZ type (8-3);
if one of the conditions in the formulas (8-1) to (8-3) is satisfied, the load shedding module is operated;
wherein ΣP s Sigma P representing the sum of the total output of all types of power supplies at the station end L Representing the total load of the station end, U, f respectively representing the actual values of bus voltage and frequency; u (U) N Is the rated voltage of the bus.
8. An intelligent switching system for a standby power supply of a power distribution network is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
the station end detection system (10) is used for collecting the distribution position and the power type of each distributed power supply and detecting the output, the total station load and the parameter information of a station end bus of each distributed power supply at the station end; the parameter information of the station bus comprises: the voltage U and the frequency f of each bus at the station end and the phase theta of the main power supply and the standby power supply;
a logic judging unit (20) for executing different operations according to the power type of each distributed power source and the station load information, comprising:
a first judging unit (201) for judging whether or not a synchronous generator type power source exists in the distributed power source;
a second judging unit (202) for judging whether or not the inverter type power source is still present in the distributed power source when the result outputted from the first judging unit (201) is present;
a first power balancing unit (203) for judging whether the output of the synchronous generator type power supply meets the power supply of all loads in the station when the output result of the second judging unit (202) is nonexistent, if so, adjusting the output value of the synchronous generator type power supply to meet the power supply of all loads, and if not, cutting off part of the loads according to the importance degree of the loads to achieve power balance;
the second power balance unit (204) is used for judging whether the total output force of all distributed power supplies of the whole station meets the power supply of all loads in the station or not when the output result of the second judging unit (202) is that the output result exists;
the energy management unit (205) is used for carrying out energy optimization calculation on the power distribution of the inverter type power supply and the synchronous type power supply when the output result of the second power balance unit (204) is satisfied so as to ensure that the inverter type power supply outputs preferentially and the power balance is achieved; if the load is not satisfied, performing energy optimization calculation after cutting off part of the load according to the importance degree of the load;
the grid-connected detection and combined switching small power supply unit (30) is used for carrying out grid-connected detection after power balance is achieved;
the switching unit (40) is used for performing grid-connected operation when the output result of the grid-connected detection and combined-cut small power supply unit (30) meets the synchronous grid-connected condition, and combining-cut small power supplies to enable the spare power automatic switching module to act and recover power supply of a power-losing user when the output result does not meet the synchronous grid-connected condition;
or when the result output by the first judging unit (201) is nonexistent, the spare power automatic switching module is enabled to act, and the power supply of the power-losing user is recovered.
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