CN115498636A - Regional power grid fault self-healing control method and system for distributed power supply access - Google Patents

Regional power grid fault self-healing control method and system for distributed power supply access Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115498636A
CN115498636A CN202211261116.1A CN202211261116A CN115498636A CN 115498636 A CN115498636 A CN 115498636A CN 202211261116 A CN202211261116 A CN 202211261116A CN 115498636 A CN115498636 A CN 115498636A
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China
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power
grid
power supply
fault
regional
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CN202211261116.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
严亚兵
黄勇
刘永刚
宋兴荣
敖非
程立新
李勃
霍思敏
刘海峰
王玎
李刚
许立强
臧欣
余斌
尹超勇
袁赛军
肖雨薇
龙雪梅
徐彪
舒劲流
吴晋波
洪权
刘志豪
肖豪龙
丁禹
欧阳宗帅
龚禹生
欧阳帆
梁文武
李辉
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202211261116.1A priority Critical patent/CN115498636A/en
Publication of CN115498636A publication Critical patent/CN115498636A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
    • H02J3/472For selectively connecting the AC sources in a particular order, e.g. sequential, alternating or subsets of sources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/10Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a regional power grid fault self-healing control method and system for distributed power supply access, wherein the method comprises the following steps of calculating the ratio K between the capacity of a distributed power supply and the apparent power of a load when a regional power grid has a fault and the distributed power supply exists, and when the ratio K exceeds a boundary: and cutting off all the distributed power supplies, waiting for the action conditions of the self-healing device to be met, meeting the action of the post-fault self-healing device to access the regional power grid with the fault to the standby power supply, and gradually recovering the cut-off load and the distributed power supplies according to the constraint conditions. The invention not only has rapid recovery capability after failure, but also greatly reduces the power failure time and power failure range, improves the stability of the power grid, adopts different failure self-healing control strategies aiming at different source-load ratios by analyzing the ratio of the distributed power supply after failure and the load capacity, and simultaneously improves the rapidity of failure recovery on the premise of ensuring the selectivity and reliability of failure recovery.

Description

Regional power grid fault self-healing control method and system for distributed power supply access
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a fault self-healing control technology of a power system, and particularly relates to a regional power grid fault self-healing control method and system for distributed power supply access.
Background
The distributed power supply mainly based on photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and small hydropower changes the passive characteristic of the traditional power distribution network, so that the power distribution network is changed into an active network, and higher requirements are provided for relay protection of the power distribution network. After a power distribution network containing the distributed power supply fails, the action conditions of the fault self-healing device may not be met due to the existence of the distributed power supply. Because the fault self-healing device cannot act in time, power imbalance between the distributed power source and the load may cause a more serious accident to the grid after the fault. One scheme is that the distributed power supply is directly and completely cut off after the power grid fails, and then the action condition of the fault self-healing device is met, but the method does not fully utilize the output power and reactive power compensation capacity of the distributed power supply.
In order to fully utilize the distributed power supply and provide voltage and frequency support for a power grid after a fault, the distributed power supply can be reserved, partial load or partial distributed power supply is cut off according to constraint conditions to form an island which stably runs, and then grid connection is realized after the distributed power supply is detected to be qualified according to an island detection means. One scheme for maintaining the operation strategy of the distributed power supply is to judge whether a stable island is formed or not through island detection, if the stable island is not formed, a part of the distributed power supply or a load needs to be cut off, and then a corresponding operation strategy is executed, wherein a certain time needs to be consumed in the island detection process. Another scheme divides the distributed power into an inverter type and a synchronous generator type, executes different operation strategies according to the type of the distributed power, and directly cuts off the distributed power when the distributed power is only the inverter type. This approach reduces the time taken for initial islanding detection, but determining whether to totally cut off a distributed power supply based only on the distributed power supply type wastes a portion of the distributed power supply's power output and reactive compensation capabilities.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the invention not only has quick recovery capability after the fault, but also greatly reduces the power failure time and the power failure range, improves the stability of the power grid, adopts different fault self-recovery control strategies aiming at different source-load ratios by analyzing the ratio of the distributed power supply after the fault and the load capacity, and simultaneously improves the rapidity of the fault recovery on the premise of ensuring the selectivity and the reliability of the fault recovery.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power supply access comprises the following steps:
s101, calculating the ratio of apparent power of a distributed power source to apparent power of a load when a regional power grid fails to work, and obtaining a ratio K;
s102, when the ratio K is smaller than a preset lower limit value K min Or greater than a preset upper limit value K max When the fault self-healing strategy is implemented, the difference value between the power actually sent by the distributed power supply and the power consumed by the load is judged to exceed the power regulation range of the distributed power supply: and cutting off all the distributed power supplies, establishing action conditions of the fault self-healing device, and restoring the cut-off load and the distributed power supplies step by step according to the constraint conditions when the action conditions of the fault self-healing device are met.
Optionally, step S101 includes: carrying out load flow calculation on the regional power grid with the fault to obtain the voltage U of each node of the regional power grid with the fault i Each branch has active power P i And reactive Q i Each branch current I i (ii) a According to the active power P of each branch of the regional power grid after the fault i And reactive Q i Summing to obtain the apparent power of all the loads of the regional power grid after the fault; summing the capacities of the distributed power supplies to obtain apparent power of the distributed power supplies; dividing apparent power of distributed power supply by apparent power of all loads of regional power grid after faultThe ratio K is obtained.
Alternatively, the lower limit value K preset in step S102 min The value is 0.8, and the preset upper limit value K max The value is 1.5.
Optionally, the first fault self-healing policy includes:
s201, cutting off all distributed power supplies;
s202, establishing action conditions required by the fault self-healing device according to the acquired real-time data;
s203, the fault self-healing device acts after meeting the action condition, the regional power grid after the fault self-healing device acts is subjected to load flow calculation again to detect whether a line or a transformer is overloaded, if the line or the transformer is overloaded, active and reactive loads which need to be removed when the line or the transformer is overloaded are calculated, and the action condition of the fault self-healing device is corrected;
s204, cutting off active and reactive loads which need to be cut off for eliminating overload according to the sequence of the importance of the loads from low to high;
s205, the fault self-healing device acts again after meeting the action condition, and the regional power grid with the fault is connected to a standby power supply;
and S206, obtaining the power grid information of the fault power grid after the fault power grid is connected into the standby power supply, performing load flow calculation, and recovering corresponding loads and distributed power supplies step by step according to power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint.
Optionally, when the operation condition of the fault self-healing device is established according to the collected real-time data in step S202, the collected real-time data includes: the on-off state of each breaker in the regional power grid, the breaker acting due to line fault, the on-off state of each fault self-healing device in the regional power grid, the voltage value of each bus in the regional power grid, the voltage value and the line current value of the lines outside the bus, the voltage values of a distributed power supply, a main power supply and a standby power supply in the regional power grid, and the name and the position of each element in the regional power grid; the action conditions of the fault self-healing devices established by different real-time data are different; the action conditions are formed by criteria according to a certain logic relational expression, each criterion comprises a measured point name, a measured point value, a comparison type, a set value, time delay and a logic event, and the measured point name and the measured point value are from collected real-time data.
Optionally, step S102 further includes that the ratio K is greater than or equal to a preset lower limit value K min And executing a second fault self-healing strategy when the ratio K is less than 1:
s301, calculating active and reactive loads to be cut off for apparent power balance of the distributed power supply and the load;
s302, sequentially cutting off active and reactive loads to be cut off according to the sequence of the importance of the loads from low to high;
s303, detecting whether phase difference, phase sequence, voltage difference and frequency difference at two sides of a grid-connected point meet preset quasi-synchronous grid-connected conditions or not by a grid-connected point synchronization judging device of the grid-connected point of the switched-in regional power grid of the standby power supply after the fault occurs, carrying out grid-connection if the preset quasi-synchronous grid-connected conditions are met so as to switch the switched-in regional power grid of the switched-in regional power supply after the fault occurs into the standby power supply, and skipping to step S304; otherwise, executing a first fault self-healing strategy, ending and exiting;
and S304, acquiring grid information of the regional grid-connected and accessed standby power supply after the fault occurs, performing load flow calculation, and recovering corresponding loads step by step according to power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint.
Optionally, step S102 further includes that the ratio K is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to a preset upper limit value K max Executing a third fault self-healing strategy:
s401, selecting an operation strategy of the distributed power supply according to the type of the distributed power supply in the area power grid after the fault occurs so that the voltage and the frequency of the area power grid line are stabilized at rated values;
s402, detecting whether phase difference, phase sequence, voltage difference and frequency difference at two sides of a grid-connected point meet preset quasi-synchronous grid-connected conditions or not by a grid-connected point synchronization judging device of a grid-connected point for accessing the regional power grid with the fault to the backup power supply after the fault occurs, if the preset quasi-synchronous grid-connected conditions are met, carrying out grid-connection to access the regional power grid with the fault to the backup power supply, and skipping to the step S403; otherwise, executing a first fault self-healing strategy, ending and exiting;
and S403, acquiring grid information of the regional grid-connected and accessed standby power supply after the fault occurs, performing load flow calculation, and recovering corresponding loads step by step according to power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint.
Optionally, step S401 includes: if the distributed power supply type in the regional power grid after the fault is only the small hydropower type distributed power supply, obtaining power grid information after the fault power grid is connected to the standby power supply, performing power flow calculation to determine active and reactive power output required to be sent by the regional power grid to meet preset power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint, and then cutting off the distributed power supply with weaker regulation capacity through a high-frequency generator tripping device, or regulating the active and reactive power output sent by the small hydropower type distributed power supply through an automatic generation control device AGC and an automatic voltage control device AVC so as to stabilize the voltage and the frequency of a regional power grid line at rated values; if the distributed power supply type in the regional power grid after the fault occurs is the distributed power supply containing both the photovoltaic or wind power type and the small hydropower type, operating a grid-connected inverter of the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply in a PQ control mode, providing frequency support for the small hydropower type distributed power supply, obtaining power grid information after the fault power grid is connected to a standby power supply, performing power flow calculation to determine active and reactive power output required to be sent by the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply when the regional power grid needs to meet preset power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint, and then cutting off the distributed power supply with weak regulation capacity through a high-frequency generator device, or regulating the active and reactive power output sent by the small hydropower type distributed power supply through an automatic generation control device AGC and an automatic voltage control device AVC so that the voltage and the frequency of a regional power grid line are stabilized at rated values; if the distributed power supply type in the regional power grid after the fault occurs is the distributed power supply only containing the photovoltaic or wind power type, a grid-connected inverter of the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply is operated in a droop control mode, power grid information after the fault power grid is connected into a standby power supply is obtained, and load flow calculation is carried out to determine active power and reactive power which are required to be generated by the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply when the regional power grid meets preset power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint, then the distributed power supply with weak regulation capacity is cut off through a high-frequency generator tripping device, or the active power and reactive power are regulated through the grid-connected inverter of the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply, so that the voltage and the frequency of a regional power grid line are stabilized at rated values.
In addition, the invention also provides a regional power grid fault self-healing control system for distributed power access, which comprises a microprocessor and a memory which are connected with each other, wherein the microprocessor is programmed or configured to execute the regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access.
In addition, the present invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored in the computer readable storage medium, and the computer program is programmed or configured by a microprocessor to execute the regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access.
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly has the following advantages:
1. the invention not only has rapid recovery capability after the fault, can shorten the power failure time of the power grid after the fault, but also greatly reduces the power failure time and the power failure range, is beneficial to stabilizing the voltage and the frequency of the power grid after the fault, and improves the self-healing capability of the power grid.
2. According to the invention, through analyzing the ratio of the distributed power supply to the load capacity after the fault, different fault self-healing control strategies are adopted according to different source-load ratios, and the rapidity of fault recovery is improved on the premise of ensuring the selectivity and reliability of fault recovery.
3. The present invention can make full use of distributed power sources typified by photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and hydroelectric power generation.
4. The technical scheme of the invention has low implementation difficulty and can not increase extra burden on the conventional SCADA system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a chain-link power supply network in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a basic flow of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a complete flow chart of the method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating generation of a fault self-healing device model based on a D5000 system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of grid connection of a stable island after a fault in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a distributed power supply operation strategy when 1-K-P-s-1.5 in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiment of fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1, the chain type power supply network in the figure includes two conventional power supplies (non-distributed power supplies) of a power supply 1 and a power supply 2, three lines L1 to L3 are connected between the power supply 1 and the power supply 2, the power supply 1 and the line L1 are connected through a bus 1, the lines L1 and L2 are connected through a bus 2, the lines L2 and L3 are connected through a bus 3, the line L3 and the power supply 2 are connected through a bus 4, each line is provided with a circuit breaker, for example, the line L1 is provided with circuit breakers DL1 and DL2, the line L2 is provided with circuit breakers DL3 and DL4, the line L3 is provided with circuit breakers DL5 and DL6, and black and white of the circuit breakers represent closed and open states. The line is an overhead line or a cable, and is a metal wire which is used for bearing current and transmitting electric energy and is wrapped by an insulating layer and a supporting material. The circuit breaker is a switching device capable of closing, carrying, and opening/closing a current under a normal circuit condition and a current under an abnormal circuit condition within a prescribed time. The regional power grid does not refer to the size of the scale of the power system, and the key point is that the regional power grid comprises the complete elements of the power system, namely the power system comprises five links of power generation, power transformation, power transmission, power distribution and power consumption, and the power generation link comprises a traditional power supply such as thermal power, nuclear power and the like and also comprises a distributed power supply such as wind power, solar power and the like.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access in this embodiment includes:
s101, calculating the ratio of apparent power of a distributed power source to apparent power of a load when a regional power grid fails to work, and obtaining a ratio K;
s102, when the ratio K is smaller than a preset lower limit value K min Or greater than a preset upper limit value K max And when the difference value between the power actually sent by the distributed power supply and the power consumed by the load exceeds the power regulation range of the distributed power supply, executing a first fault self-healing strategy: and cutting off all the distributed power supplies, establishing action conditions of the fault self-healing device, and restoring the cut-off load and the distributed power supplies step by step according to the constraint conditions when the action conditions of the fault self-healing device are met.
As an optional implementation manner, in this embodiment, a D5000 system is used as an execution main body, and is executed by the D5000 system, and this embodiment is used in a regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access.
In this embodiment, step S101 includes: carrying out load flow calculation on the regional power grid with the fault to obtain the voltage U of each node of the regional power grid with the fault i Active power P of each branch i And reactive Q i Each branch current I i (ii) a According to the active power P of each branch of the regional power grid after the fault i And reactive Q i Summing to obtain the apparent power of all the loads of the regional power grid after the fault; summing the capacities of the distributed power supplies to obtain apparent power of the distributed power supplies; and dividing the apparent power of the distributed power supply by the apparent power of all the loads of the regional power grid after the fault to obtain a ratio K. In this embodiment, load flow calculation is performed on the power grid topology after the line fault through the D5000 system to obtain the voltage U of each node of the power grid after the fault i Active power P of each branch i And reactive Q i Each branch current I i (ii) a Summing the active power and the reactive power of each load in the power grid formed after the fault to obtain the apparent power of all the loads of the power grid after the fault, inquiring the capacity of each distributed power supply in the power grid after the fault through a D5000 system, and solvingAnd calculating to obtain the ratio K of the distributed power supply to the load apparent power.
In this embodiment, the lower limit K preset in step S102 min The value is 0.8, and the preset upper limit value K max The value is 1.5. For the ratio K, K<0.8 or K>1.5, the difference between the power actually sent by the distributed power supply and the power consumed by the load is larger and exceeds the power regulation range of the distributed power supply, and the critical value is generally that the power sent by the distributed power supply is lower than 80% of the rated power of the load or higher than 150% of the rated power of the load; 0.8<K<And 1.5, the power actually emitted by the distributed power supply is within the power regulation range of the distributed power supply, and the power is not greatly different from the power consumed by the load.
In this embodiment, the first fault self-healing policy includes:
s201, cutting off all distributed power supplies;
s202, establishing action conditions required by the fault self-healing device according to the acquired real-time data;
s203, the fault self-healing device acts after meeting the action condition, the regional power grid after the fault self-healing device acts is subjected to load flow calculation again to detect whether a line or a transformer is overloaded, if the line or the transformer is overloaded, active and reactive loads which need to be removed when the line or the transformer is overloaded are calculated, and the action condition of the fault self-healing device is corrected;
s204, cutting off active and reactive loads required to be cut off for eliminating overload according to the sequence of the importance of the loads from low to high;
s205, the fault self-healing device acts again after meeting the action condition, and the regional power grid with the fault is connected to a standby power supply;
and S206, obtaining power grid information of the fault power grid after the fault power grid is connected into the standby power supply, performing load flow calculation, and recovering corresponding loads and distributed power supplies step by step according to power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint.
In this embodiment, when the operation condition of the fault self-healing device is established according to the collected real-time data in step S202, the collected real-time data includes: the on-off state of each breaker in the regional power grid, the breaker acting due to line fault, the on-off state of each fault self-healing device in the regional power grid, the voltage value of each bus in the regional power grid, the voltage value and the line current value of the lines outside the bus, the voltage values of a distributed power supply, a main power supply and a standby power supply in the regional power grid, and the name and the position of each element in the regional power grid; the action conditions of the fault self-healing devices established by different real-time data are different; the action conditions are formed by criteria according to a certain logical relation, each criterion comprises a test point name, a test point value, a comparison type, a set value, a time delay and a logical event, wherein the test point name and the test point value come from collected real-time data, and each field in the criterion is defined as follows: (1) The name of the test element is derived from the real-time data. (2) And the measurement value is a signal value corresponding to the test element, and is only in a switch state if the test element is a circuit breaker and a fault self-healing device, or is a corresponding voltage current value if the test element is a circuit, a bus or a power supply. (3) And comparing the type, wherein the comparing type comprises a switch state and a voltage current value. (4) The set values comprise set values corresponding to four states of pressure, non-pressure, current and non-current, when the voltage signal is greater than or equal to the set value of pressure, the element is judged to be pressure, when the voltage signal is less than or equal to the set value of non-pressure, the element is judged to be non-pressure, and the current signal is the same. (5) And delaying, namely delaying time set after the action condition is met. (6) And the logic event is composed of a series of criteria according to a certain logic relation, and the action condition is met if the criteria are met after the judgment is met and the specified delay is reached. A group of elements in a regional power grid are taken to form a test set, the elements in the test set are compared according to a comparison type and a set value to obtain states of voltage, current and current, and on or off, after traversing actions of the breaker and the fault self-healing device according to the states, whether a non-fault line is isolated and the range of power supply recovery of the fault power grid is obtained, and the action sequence of the breaker and the fault self-healing device with the largest power supply recovery range and the non-fault line isolation is taken as an action condition. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of generating a fault self-healing device model based on a D5000 system in an embodiment of the present invention, which includes the steps of: acquiring information of a bus and a line of a regional power grid after a fault, acquiring a switching state of the regional power grid after the fault and an operation state of a fault self-healing device, and determining an action condition of the fault self-healing device (namely step S202); the operation condition of the fault self-healing device is subjected to security verification (i.e., overload detection in step S203), and finally the corrected operation condition of the fault self-healing device is obtained. It should be noted that the specific rule for establishing the action condition required by the fault self-healing device is an existing rule, and the method of the present embodiment only relates to the application of the existing rule for establishing the action condition required by the fault self-healing device, so the specific content of the rule is not described in detail herein.
In step S203, it is a conventional method to perform load flow calculation again on the regional power grid after the fault self-healing device is operated. For example, in this embodiment, a power flow calculation function is integrated in a D5000 system, and the available power flow calculation methods include: the gaussian-seidel method, the newton-raphson method, the PQ decomposition method, and other independent algorithms or improved algorithms combining multiple algorithms, and the above algorithms or other more advanced algorithms have been widely used in practical power systems. In this embodiment, the algorithm is also adopted, and after the power flow calculation is performed on the electric power system in the D5000 monitoring area, the magnitude and direction of the voltage, current and power of any line, load and power supply in the area can be obtained. Because the action strategy of the fault self-healing device relates to the operation of a switch to change the load flow of the whole network, and overload of a line or a transformer can be caused, the load flow calculation is needed to be further carried out on the operated power grid, whether the overloaded line or transformer exists after the action is judged, if the overloaded line or transformer exists, the load flow calculation is carried out again by taking the rated values of the overloaded position line or transformer as initial values, and the size of the load needing to be cut off is finally obtained, so that the overload is eliminated.
S204, cutting off active and reactive loads required to be cut off for eliminating overload according to the sequence of the importance of the loads from low to high;
after the operation of step S203, the system load flow changes, which results in overloading of some lines or transformers, and these changes cannot be obtained through theoretical calculation, so that after the fault self-healing device actually operates, the load flow is recalculated through the collected real-time data, and the operation condition of the fault self-healing device is corrected on the basis of the first calculation, so that the fault self-healing device in step S205 operates again after meeting the operation condition, and the regional power grid with the fault is connected to the backup power supply. The standby power supply and the distributed power supply are two independent parts, have no direct relation, and only replace the distributed power supply to ensure the normal operation of the load as far as possible when the difference between the power sent by the distributed power supply and the load power is larger. When K is less than 0.8 or K is more than 1.5, the power actually sent by the distributed power supply is greatly different from the power required by the load, all the distributed power supplies are directly cut off on the premise of ensuring that the load is not powered off as far as possible, and the method for putting the standby power supply into the distributed power supply is an effective method for ensuring the normal operation of the load as far as possible. If only part of the distributed power supply is cut off, namely, after part of the distributed power supply is reserved, the standby power supply is put into use, a problem can be faced at this time: at this time, because the power of the power supply is not equal to the power of the load, the voltage amplitude and the frequency of the power grid are unstable, and further the standby power supply cannot realize grid connection, if the power grid is forcibly connected, a large impact current is generated, even resonance is generated, the power grid is disconnected, and more serious faults are caused.
In step S206, after the fault power grid is connected to the backup power supply, the power grid information is obtained, the power flow calculation is performed, and when the corresponding load and distributed power supply are restored step by step according to the power balance constraint, the output constraint, the frequency constraint, and the voltage constraint, the functional expressions of the power balance constraint, the output constraint, the frequency constraint, and the voltage constraint are as follows:
F Gi -P Di =U ij U j (G ij cosθ ij +B ij sinθ ij ),i∈[1,N 0 ],j∈N i
Q Gi -Q Di =U ii U j (G ij cosθ ij +B ij sinθ ij ),i∈[1,N PQ ],j∈N i
F Gmini ≤P Gi ≤F Gmaxi ,i∈[1,N PG ],
Q Gmini ≤Q Gi ≤Q Gmaxi ,i∈[1,N QG ],
f min ≤f≤f max
U imin ≤U i ≤U imax ,i∈N B
wherein, P Gi Is the active power supply active power, P, of the ith node Di Is the active power, Q, of the distributed power supply Gi Is the reactive power of the reactive power supply of the ith node, Q Di Is the reactive power of the distributed power supply, U i Is the voltage of the ith node, U j Is the voltage of the j-th node, G ij 、B ij 、θ ij Mutual admittance, mutual susceptance and phase difference, N, of node i and adjacent node j, respectively i Is a set of adjacent nodes of the ith node, N 0 Is a set of nodes in a regional power grid, N PQ Is the number of PQ nodes, N PG Is the number of active power supplies, N QG Is the number of reactive power sources, N B Is the total node number, f is the frequency of the regional grid, P Gmini And F Gmaxi The lower limit and the upper limit of the active power output of the active power supply of the ith node are respectively; f. of min And f max Respectively the lower limit and the upper limit of the frequency of the regional power grid; u shape imin And U imax Is the voltage U of the i-th node i The lower and upper limits of (c).
When the active load and the reactive load which need to be removed when the line overload or the transformer overload needs to be eliminated are calculated in step S203, the relationship between the active load and the reactive load which need to be removed satisfies the following conditions:
K G =ΔP G /Δf,
Figure BDA0003891588860000081
in the above formula, K G Adjusting power for the generator unit, which is determined by the generator characteristics; delta P G The active power variation corresponding to the power supply frequency variation, the delta f the frequency variation corresponding to the power supply active power variation, the delta Q the power supply reactive power output variation, and the Q the power supply actual noneThe power output, P is the actual power output of the power supply, and R is the line resistance; u shape 1 * For rated grid voltage, U 1 For the actual grid voltage, X is the line reactance.
Referring to fig. 3, in step S102, the embodiment further includes that the ratio K is greater than or equal to the preset lower limit K min And when the ratio K is less than 1, executing a second fault self-healing strategy:
s301, calculating active and reactive loads to be cut off for apparent power balance of the distributed power supply and the load;
s302, sequentially cutting off active and reactive loads to be cut off according to the sequence of the importance of the loads from low to high;
s303, as shown in fig. 5, the synchronization judging device of the grid-connected point, which accesses the backup power source to the area power grid after the fault, detects whether the phase difference, the phase sequence, the voltage difference (pressure difference) and the frequency difference (frequency difference) at the two sides of the grid-connected point satisfy the preset quasi-synchronization grid-connection condition, if the preset quasi-synchronization grid-connection condition is satisfied, performs grid-connection to access the area power grid after the fault to the backup power source, and skips step S304; otherwise, executing a first fault self-healing strategy, ending and exiting;
and S304, acquiring grid information of the regional grid-connected and accessed standby power supply after the fault occurs, performing load flow calculation, and recovering corresponding loads step by step according to power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint.
Referring to fig. 4, the preset quasi-synchronization grid connection condition means that the phase difference, the voltage difference and the frequency difference are all 0, the phase sequence is correct, and if the preset quasi-synchronization grid connection condition is met, a closing signal is sent out through a closing control unit, and the breaker is controlled to be closed, so that grid connection can be performed, and the regional power grid with the fault is connected to the standby power supply.
Referring to fig. 3 and fig. 6, in step S102 of this embodiment, the ratio K is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to the preset upper limit K max Executing a third fault self-healing strategy:
s401, selecting an operation strategy of the distributed power supply according to the type of the distributed power supply in the area power grid after the fault occurs so that the voltage and the frequency of the area power grid line are stabilized at rated values;
s402, detecting whether phase difference, phase sequence, voltage difference and frequency difference at two sides of a grid-connected point meet preset quasi-synchronous grid-connected conditions or not by a grid-connected point synchronization judging device of a grid-connected point for accessing the regional power grid with the fault to the backup power supply after the fault occurs, if the preset quasi-synchronous grid-connected conditions are met, carrying out grid-connection to access the regional power grid with the fault to the backup power supply, and skipping to the step S403; otherwise, executing a first fault self-healing strategy, ending and exiting;
and S403, acquiring grid information of the regional grid-connected and accessed standby power supply after the fault occurs, performing load flow calculation, and recovering corresponding loads step by step according to power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint.
As shown in fig. 6, step S401 in this embodiment includes:
if the distributed power supply type in the regional power grid after the fault is only the small hydropower type distributed power supply, obtaining power grid information after the fault power grid is connected to a standby power supply, performing power flow calculation to determine active and reactive power output required to enable the regional power grid to meet preset power balance constraint, power constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint, cutting off the distributed power supply with weaker regulation capacity through a high-frequency generator tripping device, or regulating the active and reactive power output generated by the small hydropower type distributed power supply through an automatic generation control device AGC and an automatic voltage control device AVC (if the frequency of the regional power grid is lower than or higher than the rated frequency, increasing or reducing the active output of the distributed power supply to enable the frequency of the regional power grid to be close to the rated frequency), and if the voltage is lower than or higher than the rated voltage, increasing or reducing the reactive output of the distributed power supply to enable the voltage of the regional power grid to be close to the rated voltage), so that the voltage and the frequency of a regional power grid line are stabilized at the rated value (realizing stable island operation);
if the distributed power supply type in the regional power grid after the fault occurs is a distributed power supply containing both photovoltaic or wind power type and small hydropower type, operating a grid-connected inverter of the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply in a PQ control mode, providing frequency support for the small hydropower type distributed power supply, obtaining power grid information after the fault power grid is connected to a standby power supply, and performing power flow calculation (obtaining the voltage, current and power size and direction of any circuit, load and power supply in the region through power flow calculation), further obtaining the real-time power size and direction of the load and the power supply, obtaining an active and reactive power output instruction of a fan according to the difference between the real-time power of the power supply and the load, so as to determine the active and reactive power output required to be sent by the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply when the regional power grid meets preset power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint, and then cutting off the distributed power supply with weaker regulation capacity through a high-frequency device, or regulating the active and reactive power output of the small hydropower type distributed power supply through an automatic generation control device and an automatic voltage control device (AGC) so as to realize stable operation of the active and rated value of the regional power grid in the stable power grid (island); for example, active and reactive power output and power required by a load are actively adjusted to be balanced by distributed energy with strong adjusting capability (the output power can be adjusted within a range of +/-30% of rated output power), so that the power system operates in a stable state;
if the distributed power supply type in the regional power grid after the fault occurs is the distributed power supply only containing the photovoltaic or wind power type, operating a grid-connected inverter of the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply in a droop control mode, obtaining power grid information after the fault power grid is connected into a standby power supply, and performing load flow calculation (obtaining the voltage, current and power size and direction of any circuit, load and power supply in the region through the load flow calculation), further obtaining the real-time power size and direction of the load and the power supply, obtaining an active and reactive power output instruction of a fan according to the difference between the real-time power of the power supply and the load, so as to determine the active and reactive power output required to be sent by the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply when the regional power grid meets the preset power balance constraint, power output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint, and then cutting off the distributed power supply with weaker regulation capacity through a high-frequency device, or regulating the active and reactive power output through the grid-connected inverter of the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply, so that the voltage and the frequency of the regional power grid line are stabilized at rated values (realizing stable island operation); for example, the active and reactive power output and the power required by the load are actively adjusted to be balanced by the distributed energy with strong adjusting capability (the output power can be adjusted within the range of +/-30% of rated output power), so that the power system operates in a stable state.
In summary, the method of the present embodiment discloses a regional power grid fault self-healing control technique suitable for distributed power access, and three different fault self-healing strategies under a power grid including a distributed power source after a fault are obtained by obtaining a ratio of apparent powers of the distributed power source and a load. The method has the advantages that the capacity of quick recovery after the fault is achieved, the power failure time and the power failure range are greatly reduced, the stability of the power grid is improved, the ratio of the distributed power source to the load capacity after the fault is analyzed, different fault self-healing control strategies are adopted according to different source-load ratios, and the rapidity of fault recovery is improved on the premise that the selectivity and the reliability of fault recovery are guaranteed. The method of the embodiment not only has the self-healing recovery capability of the existing fault self-healing device, but also shortens the power supply recovery time of the power grid after the fault, thereby further improving the self-healing capability of the power grid, and the new technical scheme is basically the same as the prior art in the realization difficulty, and can not add extra burden to the existing SCADA system (data acquisition and monitoring control system).
In addition, the present embodiment also provides a regional power grid fault self-healing control system for distributed power access, which includes an interconnected microprocessor and a memory, where the microprocessor is programmed or configured to execute the aforementioned regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access. In addition, the present embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, where the computer program is used to be programmed or configured by a microprocessor to execute the foregoing regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein. The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101, calculating the ratio of apparent power of a distributed power source to apparent power of a load when a regional power grid fails to work, and obtaining a ratio K;
s102, when the ratio K is smaller than a preset lower limit value K min Or greater than a preset upper limit value K max And when the difference value between the power actually sent by the distributed power supply and the power consumed by the load exceeds the power regulation range of the distributed power supply, executing a first fault self-healing strategy: and cutting off all the distributed power supplies, establishing action conditions of the fault self-healing device, and restoring the cut-off load and the distributed power supplies step by step according to the constraint conditions when the action conditions of the fault self-healing device are met.
2. The regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access according to claim 1, wherein step S101 includes: carrying out load flow calculation on the regional power grid with the fault to obtain the voltage U of each node of the regional power grid with the fault i Active power P of each branch i And reactive Q i Each branch current I i (ii) a According to the active power P of each branch of the regional power grid after the fault i And reactive Q i Summing to obtain the apparent power of all the loads of the regional power grid after the fault; summing the capacities of the distributed power supplies to obtain apparent power of the distributed power supplies; dividing apparent power of distributed power supply by all loads of regional power grid after faultThe apparent power yields the ratio K.
3. The regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access according to claim 1, wherein the lower limit value K preset in step S102 is min The value is 0.8, and the preset upper limit value K max The value is 1.5.
4. The regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access according to claim 1, wherein the first fault self-healing policy includes:
s201, cutting off all distributed power supplies;
s202, establishing action conditions required by the fault self-healing device according to the acquired real-time data;
s203, the fault self-healing device acts after meeting the action condition, the regional power grid after the fault self-healing device acts is subjected to load flow calculation again to detect whether a line or a transformer is overloaded, if the line or the transformer is overloaded, active and reactive loads which need to be removed when the line or the transformer is overloaded are calculated, and the action condition of the fault self-healing device is corrected;
s204, cutting off active and reactive loads required to be cut off for eliminating overload according to the sequence of the importance of the loads from low to high;
s205, the fault self-healing device acts again after meeting the action condition, and the regional power grid with the fault is connected to a standby power supply;
and S206, obtaining power grid information of the fault power grid after the fault power grid is connected into the standby power supply, performing load flow calculation, and recovering corresponding loads and distributed power supplies step by step according to power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint.
5. The regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access according to claim 4, wherein when the fault self-healing device operation condition is established according to the collected real-time data in step S202, the collected real-time data includes: the on-off state of each breaker in the regional power grid, the breaker acting due to line fault, the on-off state of each fault self-healing device in the regional power grid, the voltage value of each bus in the regional power grid, the voltage value and the line current value of the lines outside the bus, the voltage values of a distributed power supply, a main power supply and a standby power supply in the regional power grid, and the name and the position of each element in the regional power grid; the action conditions of the fault self-healing devices established by different real-time data are different; the action conditions are formed by criteria according to a certain logical relation, each criterion comprises a test point name, a test point value, a comparison type, a set value, time delay and a logical event, and the test point name and the test point value are from collected real-time data.
6. The regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access according to claim 5, wherein step S102 further includes that the ratio K is greater than or equal to a preset lower limit value K min And executing a second fault self-healing strategy when the ratio K is less than 1:
s301, calculating active and reactive loads to be cut off for apparent power balance of a distributed power supply and the load;
s302, sequentially cutting off active and reactive loads to be cut off according to the sequence of the importance of the loads from low to high;
s303, detecting whether phase difference, phase sequence, voltage difference and frequency difference at two sides of a grid-connected point meet preset quasi-synchronous grid-connected conditions or not by a grid-connected point synchronization judging device of the grid-connected point of the switched-in regional power grid of the standby power supply after the fault occurs, carrying out grid-connection if the preset quasi-synchronous grid-connected conditions are met so as to switch the switched-in regional power grid of the switched-in regional power supply after the fault occurs into the standby power supply, and skipping to step S304; otherwise, executing a first fault self-healing strategy, ending and exiting;
and S304, acquiring grid information of the regional grid-connected and accessed standby power supply after the fault occurs, performing load flow calculation, and recovering corresponding loads step by step according to power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint.
7. Regional power grid fault for distributed power access as claimed in claim 6The method for controlling self-healing of the fault is characterized in that the step S102 further includes that the ratio K is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to a preset upper limit value K max Executing a third fault self-healing strategy:
s401, selecting an operation strategy of the distributed power supply according to the type of the distributed power supply in the area power grid after the fault occurs so that the voltage and the frequency of the area power grid line are stabilized at rated values;
s402, detecting whether phase difference, phase sequence, voltage difference and frequency difference at two sides of a grid-connected point meet preset quasi-synchronous grid-connected conditions or not by a grid-connected point synchronization judging device of a grid-connected point for accessing the regional power grid with the fault to the backup power supply after the fault occurs, if the preset quasi-synchronous grid-connected conditions are met, carrying out grid-connection to access the regional power grid with the fault to the backup power supply, and skipping to the step S403; otherwise, executing a first fault self-healing strategy, ending and exiting;
and S403, acquiring grid information of the regional grid-connected and accessed standby power supply after the fault occurs, performing load flow calculation, and recovering corresponding loads step by step according to power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint.
8. The regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access according to claim 7, wherein step S401 includes: if the distributed power supply type in the regional power grid after the fault is only the small hydropower type distributed power supply, obtaining power grid information after the fault power grid is connected to the standby power supply, performing power flow calculation to determine active and reactive power output required to be sent by the regional power grid to meet preset power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint, and then cutting off the distributed power supply with weaker regulation capacity through a high-frequency generator tripping device, or regulating the active and reactive power output sent by the small hydropower type distributed power supply through an automatic generation control device AGC and an automatic voltage control device AVC so as to stabilize the voltage and the frequency of a regional power grid line at rated values; if the distributed power supply type in the regional power grid after the fault occurs is the distributed power supply containing both the photovoltaic or wind power type and the small hydropower type, operating a grid-connected inverter of the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply in a PQ control mode, providing frequency support for the small hydropower type distributed power supply, obtaining power grid information after the fault power grid is connected to a standby power supply, performing power flow calculation to determine active and reactive power output required to be sent by the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply when the regional power grid needs to meet preset power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint, and then cutting off the distributed power supply with weak regulation capacity through a high-frequency generator device, or regulating the active and reactive power output sent by the small hydropower type distributed power supply through an automatic generation control device AGC and an automatic voltage control device AVC so that the voltage and the frequency of a regional power grid line are stabilized at rated values; if the distributed power supply type in the regional power grid after the fault occurs is the distributed power supply only containing the photovoltaic or wind power type, a grid-connected inverter of the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply is operated in a droop control mode, power grid information after the fault power grid is connected into a standby power supply is obtained, and load flow calculation is carried out to determine active power and reactive power which are required to be generated by the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply when the regional power grid meets preset power balance constraint, output constraint, frequency constraint and voltage constraint, then the distributed power supply with weak regulation capacity is cut off through a high-frequency generator tripping device, or the active power and reactive power are regulated through the grid-connected inverter of the photovoltaic or wind power type distributed power supply, so that the voltage and the frequency of a regional power grid line are stabilized at rated values.
9. A regional power grid fault self-healing control system for distributed power access, comprising a microprocessor and a memory which are connected with each other, wherein the microprocessor is programmed or configured to execute the regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is used to be programmed or configured by a microprocessor to execute the regional power grid fault self-healing control method for distributed power access according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN202211261116.1A 2022-10-14 2022-10-14 Regional power grid fault self-healing control method and system for distributed power supply access Pending CN115498636A (en)

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