CN113745796A - Polarization controllable acoustic excitation antenna - Google Patents
Polarization controllable acoustic excitation antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113745796A CN113745796A CN202111050634.4A CN202111050634A CN113745796A CN 113745796 A CN113745796 A CN 113745796A CN 202111050634 A CN202111050634 A CN 202111050634A CN 113745796 A CN113745796 A CN 113745796A
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/04—Adaptation for subterranean or subaqueous use
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a polarization controllable acoustic excitation antenna which comprises two pairs of positive and negative electrodes and a cross-shaped piezoelectric material, wherein the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are respectively arranged at four ends of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material, the positive and negative electrodes are vertical to the horizontal direction, and the positive and negative electrodes are parallel to the horizontal direction. The two pairs of positive and negative electrodes can control the vibration of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material to generate acoustic mechanical waves so as to generate acoustic excitation electromagnetic waves, and the mechanical waves with different phases are generated by controlling the voltages of the two pairs of electrodes, so that the electromagnetic wave radiation of linear polarization, circular polarization and elliptical polarization is realized. The invention has better performance than the traditional electrically small antenna while realizing the design of the subminiature ultra-low frequency antenna, and can realize the interconnection between underwater and air.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optimization scheme of an ultra-low frequency (30Hz-300Hz) antenna design, in particular to polarization control of an acoustic excitation antenna, which is used for controlling the polarization characteristic of the ultra-low frequency acoustic excitation antenna and improving the flexibility of the acoustic excitation antenna design.
Background
The traditional ultra-low frequency antenna is a main component part of underwater communication and even underwater detection, and is mainly used in the fields of global monitoring, underground communication, prospecting, underwater communication, detection and the like. However, the size of the conventional ultra-low frequency antenna is comparable to the wavelength, especially the size of the ultra-low frequency transmitting antenna extends from several kilometers to tens of hundreds of kilometers, which severely limits the application of the ultra-low frequency antenna. The traditional ultra-low frequency transmitting antenna mainly adopts a metal structure, is designed and deployed in a winding or bending mode and the like, and converts the current of the antenna into electromagnetic radiation.
In recent years, with the demand of ultra-low frequency personal communication, underwater communication and air-space-sea integrated construction, the design of ultra-low frequency antennas is developing towards miniaturization, and the ultra-low frequency antennas are expected to be installed on mobile and air-space equipment to realize interconnection and intercommunication of multi-domain communication. However, the conventional ultra low frequency antenna is limited by the existing operating principle of the ultra low frequency antenna, and although the size of the antenna can be made small, the gain and efficiency of the antenna are low, and piggyback use of airborne and personal communication cannot be realized. With the development of new materials and new technologies, piezoelectric materials can be used as a novel technology to realize the conversion from sound waves to mechanical waves and then to electromagnetic waves, so that the miniaturization of an ultra-low frequency antenna is realized, the design of an ultra-small ultra-low frequency acoustic excitation antenna is realized, the size, gain and efficiency of a traditional antenna under the same size are challenged, the millimeter-scale design of the ultra-low frequency antenna is realized, and the application of ultra-low frequency in personal backpack communication, underwater communication and air-sea communication is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of miniaturization and mobility of the existing ultralow frequency, the invention aims to provide a polarization controllable acoustic excitation antenna so as to realize miniaturization design, and the antenna has superior performance compared with the traditional ultralow frequency antenna with the same size, and meanwhile, the designed ultralow frequency acoustic excitation antenna has polarization controllability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a polarization controllable acoustically-excited antenna comprises two positive and negative electrodes and a cross-shaped piezoelectric material; two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are respectively arranged at four ends of a cross shape of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material, one pair of positive and negative electrodes are vertical to the horizontal direction, the other pair of positive and negative electrodes are parallel to the horizontal direction, the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are respectively linked with a power supply, the positive electrodes of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are arranged on the upper surface of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material, the negative electrodes of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are arranged on the lower surface of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material, the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes can control the vibration of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material to generate sound-induced mechanical waves so as to generate sound-excited electromagnetic waves, and the mechanical waves with different phases are generated by controlling the phases and amplitudes of the voltages of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes, so that the radiation of linear polarization, circular polarization and elliptical polarization electromagnetic waves is realized;
if the voltage amplitude and the phase of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are consistent, the cross-shaped piezoelectric material generates mechanical waves enhanced by flutter, so that single linearly polarized radiation electromagnetic waves are generated, the design of a single linearly polarized acoustic excitation antenna is realized, the waveforms of the positive and negative electrodes are mutually superposed, and the gain is enhanced;
if one of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes does not work, the cross-shaped piezoelectric material generates mechanical waves which vibrate horizontally or vertically, so that single linearly polarized radiation electromagnetic waves are generated, and the design of a single linearly polarized acoustic excitation antenna is realized;
if the amplitudes of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are consistent and the phase difference is 90 degrees, the cross-shaped piezoelectric material generates orthogonal flutter mechanical waves so as to generate circularly polarized radiation electromagnetic waves and realize the design of a circularly polarized acoustic excitation antenna;
if the amplitudes of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are not consistent and the phases are different by a plurality of degrees, the cross-shaped piezoelectric material generates elliptically polarized radiation electromagnetic waves, so that the design of the elliptically polarized acoustic excitation antenna is realized;
the structure has four resonant cavities, so that the toughness of the acoustic excitation antenna is enhanced, and further electromagnetic wave radiation with lower frequency is realized.
The size unit of the acoustic excitation antenna is smaller than 200mm, and the thickness of the acoustic excitation antenna is smaller than 4 mm;
the cross-shaped piezoelectric material is piezoelectric ceramic or a piezoelectric lithium niobate wafer;
the preparation of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material is designed by adopting a slurry forming technology, and two pairs of positive and negative electrodes adopt an electroplating method.
The piezoelectric material of the acoustic excitation antenna is a 200mm film and is in a cross-shaped structure, the flutter of the piezoelectric material is controlled by controlling the voltage and the phase of two pairs of electrodes, mechanical waves are generated, and electric charges are generated on the surface of the piezoelectric material film to generate electromagnetic waves.
The large-size piezoelectric material of the acoustic excitation antenna is piezoelectric ceramic, the preparation of the piezoelectric material adopts a slurry forming technology, and key links of the technology mainly comprise the following four parts: powder type control, slurry preparation, forming control and sintering process control. Based on KDC method or template method, researching the piezoelectric ceramic powder with controllable microscopic form, and establishing corresponding powder preparation process; then, systematically researching the influence rules of the dispersing agent, the binder and the powder on the properties of the slurry, and the influence rules of blank properties such as electrophoresis parameters, the leakage state of a forming grinding tool, the external pressure state in the forming process, the solvent volatilization rate and the like, and establishing a slurry preparation and blank forming process flow; and finally, systematically researching sintering processes, such as heating rate, binder removal temperature and time, sintering temperature and time and the like, and establishing a sintering process flow.
Two pairs of positive and negative electrodes of the acoustic excitation antenna can be controlled by an external power supply to realize orthogonal mode resonance excitation so as to realize dual-polarization design; the phase and amplitude of the two electrodes can be controlled to realize circular polarization and elliptical polarization designs.
The acoustically-excited antenna can realize the control of the mode of the piezoelectric material and the control of different frequencies by controlling the voltage and the size of the cross shape, and an acoustically-excited ultralow frequency antenna with reconfigurable frequency is designed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the polarization controllable acoustic excitation antenna designed by the invention is used for transmitting signals, the piezoelectric material is excited by voltage, so that the piezoelectric material generates mechanical flutter, charges are accumulated on the surface, enough charges generate electromagnetic waves, the conversion of acoustic waves-mechanical waves-electromagnetic waves is realized, and the signals are radiated out in the form of the electromagnetic waves. At the receiving end, the electromagnetic signal is converted into an acoustic signal by utilizing magnetoacoustic and electroacoustic, and then the acoustic signal is received in a sound wave resonance mode, and a miniaturized active circular antenna can be adopted to receive the transmitting signal of the acoustic excitation antenna. Due to the principle of surface resonance, the piezoelectric material adopted by the invention can generate different modes according to the control of voltage, thereby realizing the generation of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies. In addition, due to the existence of an acoustic excitation mode and the control of the mode of the piezoelectric material, compared with the sound velocity, the sound velocity and the light velocity are greatly reduced, so that the size of the acoustic excitation antenna with the same size is reduced by 4-5 orders of magnitude compared with the size of the traditional antenna, and due to the existence of the piezoelectric property, the size of the antenna is further reduced, so that the size of the designed ultra-low frequency acoustic excitation antenna is reduced to millimeter level, the contradiction between the size of the traditional antenna and the performance of the antenna is effectively solved, and the mechanical installation of the designed acoustic excitation antenna on a mobile platform is facilitated. The designed polarization-controllable acoustic excitation antenna can also quickly realize the design of linear polarization, circular polarization, dual polarization and elliptical polarization, breaks through the bottleneck that the traditional ultra-low frequency antenna is difficult to miniaturize, and greatly meets the urgent requirements of novel equipment on high-performance ultra-low frequency antennas.
The polarization controllable acoustic excitation antenna can be applied to the field of miniaturization of antennas, utilizes the acoustic-mechanical-electromagnetic wave conversion mechanism of piezoelectric materials to design an ultra-low frequency acoustic excitation antenna, replaces the exchange mode between an electric field and an electromagnetic field of the traditional antenna, can realize the polarization controllability of the acoustic excitation antenna by controlling the phase and the amplitude of voltage, and provides a new design method for the miniaturization and flexible mobile application of the ultra-low frequency antenna. The invention has better performance than the traditional electrically small antenna while realizing the design of the subminiature ultra-low frequency antenna, and can realize the interconnection between underwater and air.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a polarization controllable acoustically excited antenna;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a polarization controllable acoustically excited antenna;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a polarization controllable acoustically excited antenna;
fig. 4 is a bottom view of a polarization controllable acoustically excited antenna.
Detailed Description
In order to realize the ultra-small design and controllable polarization of the ultra-low frequency antenna, the polarization controllable acoustic excitation antenna is composed of a piezoelectric material and two pairs of positive and negative electrodes, and the generated electromagnetic waves are radiated outwards based on the conversion of acoustic-mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves of the piezoelectric material, so that the transmission and the reception of the electromagnetic waves are realized. When the designed controllable acoustic excitation antenna transmits signals, the piezoelectric material generates flutter under the condition of voltage loading, charges are accumulated on the surface, and then electromagnetic waves are generated to radiate outwards, so that the signals are transmitted.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a structure of a polarization-controllable acoustically-excited antenna of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, including two pairs of positive and negative electrodes 1,2 and 3,4, and a cross-shaped piezoelectric material 5, where the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are respectively installed at four ends of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material, the pair of positive and negative electrodes 1,2 is perpendicular to the horizontal, and the pair of positive and negative electrodes 3,4 is parallel to the horizontal. The two pairs of positive and negative electrodes can control the vibration of the piezoelectric material to generate acoustic mechanical waves so as to generate acoustic excitation electromagnetic waves, and the mechanical waves with different phases are generated by controlling the voltage of the two pairs of electrodes so as to realize the radiation of electromagnetic waves with linear polarization, circular polarization and elliptical polarization. Two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are directly connected with four ends of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material, positive electrodes of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are directly pasted on the upper surface 6 of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material, and negative electrodes are installed on the lower surface 7 of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material. The mechanical-electromagnetic field conversion of the piezoelectric material is utilized to generate low-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the transmission and the reception of signals are realized. The size unit of the antenna is less than 200mm, the thickness of the antenna is less than 4mm, and the antenna can cover an ultralow frequency band through mode control.
The piezoelectric material is piezoelectric ceramic or a piezoelectric lithium niobate wafer, the preparation of the piezoelectric material is designed by adopting a slurry forming technology, the electrode is realized by adopting an electroplating method, the piezoelectric ceramic is adopted as the piezoelectric material, the cost is low, and the technology is mature.
The two pairs of positive and negative electrodes 1,2 and 3,4 are directly arranged at four ends of a cross shape of the piezoelectric material, and the polarization of the antenna is changed and controlled by controlling the amplitude and the phase of the voltage of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes, and the following conditions are specifically provided:
1. the amplitudes and phases of the electrodes 1 and 2 and the electrodes 3 and 4 are consistent, the electrode 1 is a positive electrode, the electrode 2 is a negative electrode, the electrode 3 is a positive electrode, the electrode 4 is a negative electrode, the piezoelectric material generates mechanical waves for vibration reinforcement, single linear polarization radiation electromagnetic waves are generated, the single linear polarization acoustic excitation antenna design is realized, the waveforms of the two are mutually superposed, and the gain is enhanced.
2. When the electrodes 1 and 2 work and the electrodes 3 and 4 do not work, the piezoelectric material generates mechanical waves of horizontal flutter, so that single linear polarization radiation electromagnetic waves are generated, and the design of a single linear polarization acoustic excitation antenna is realized. On the contrary, when the electrodes 3 and 4 work and the electrodes 1 and 2 do not work, the piezoelectric material generates mechanical waves vertical to flutter, and then single linear polarization radiation electromagnetic waves are generated, and the design of the single linear polarization acoustic excitation antenna is realized.
3. The amplitudes of the electrodes 1 and 2 and the electrodes 3 and 4 are consistent, the phase difference is 90 degrees, the electrode 1 is a positive electrode, the electrode 2 is a negative electrode, the electrode 3 is a positive electrode, and the electrode 4 is a negative electrode, so that the piezoelectric material generates orthogonal flutter mechanical waves, circularly polarized radiation electromagnetic waves are generated, and the design of a circularly polarized sound excitation antenna is realized.
4. The amplitudes of the electrodes 1 and 2 and the electrodes 3 and 4 are inconsistent, the phase difference is a plurality of degrees, the electrode 1 is a positive electrode, the electrode 2 is a negative electrode, the electrode 3 is a positive electrode, and the electrode 4 is a negative electrode, so that the piezoelectric material generates elliptically polarized radiation electromagnetic waves, and the design of the elliptically polarized acoustic excitation antenna is realized.
5. The two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are all connected with the positive electrode on the upper surfaces of the four ends in the shape of a cross of the piezoelectric material, and the lower surfaces of the four ends in the shape of a cross of the piezoelectric material are all connected with the negative electrode, so that the radiation of single linearly polarized electromagnetic waves can be realized.
6. The piezoelectric material of the present invention may also take other forms of piezoelectric material, such as piezoelectric lithium niobate material.
The invention adopts the piezoelectric material to realize the design of the polarization controllable acoustic excitation antenna, is a brand-new ultralow frequency antenna, and realizes the ultra-small ultralow frequency acoustic excitation antenna for brand-new signal emission. The working frequency band of the antenna is in a sound wave frequency band, but not the resonance frequency of electromagnetic waves, under the uniform frequency, the designed ultra-small ultra-low frequency polarization controllable acoustic excitation is reduced by at least 4 orders of magnitude compared with the size of the traditional same-frequency electric antenna, the size of the ultra-low frequency antenna is greatly reduced, the ultra-low frequency antenna can be installed on an airplane and an underwater UUV, and the mobile deployment of the ultra-low frequency antenna is realized.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for illustrating the practical application of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that other forms of ultra-low frequency antenna designs based on piezoelectric materials, designs of different polarizations and different frequencies can be realized based on the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All the obvious different antenna structures and antenna forms which are led out by the technical scheme of the invention still belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The controllable-polarization acoustic excitation antenna is characterized by comprising two positive and negative electrodes and a cross-shaped piezoelectric material; two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are respectively installed at four ends of a cross shape of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material, one pair of positive and negative electrodes is vertical to the horizontal, the other pair of positive and negative electrodes is parallel to the horizontal, the positive electrodes of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are arranged on the upper surface of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material, the negative electrodes of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are arranged on the lower surface of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material, the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes can control the vibration of the cross-shaped piezoelectric material to generate acoustic mechanical waves, and then acoustic excitation electromagnetic waves are generated, and mechanical waves of different phases are generated by controlling the phase position and amplitude of the voltage of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes, so that the electromagnetic wave radiation of linear polarization, circular polarization and elliptical polarization is realized.
2. The polarization-controllable acoustically-excited antenna according to claim 1, wherein if the voltage amplitudes and phases of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are consistent, the cross-shaped piezoelectric material generates mechanical waves for flutter reinforcement, so that single linearly-polarized radiation electromagnetic waves are generated, the design of the single linearly-polarized acoustically-excited antenna is realized, and the waveforms of the two are mutually superposed, so that the gain is enhanced;
if one of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes does not work, the cross-shaped piezoelectric material generates mechanical waves which vibrate horizontally or vertically, so that single linearly polarized radiation electromagnetic waves are generated, and the design of a single linearly polarized acoustic excitation antenna is realized;
if the amplitudes of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are consistent and the phase difference is 90 degrees, the cross-shaped piezoelectric material generates orthogonal flutter mechanical waves so as to generate circularly polarized radiation electromagnetic waves and realize the design of a circularly polarized acoustic excitation antenna;
if the amplitudes of the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are not consistent and the phases are different by a plurality of degrees, the cross-shaped piezoelectric material generates elliptically polarized radiation electromagnetic waves, so that the design of the elliptically polarized acoustic excitation antenna is realized;
the structure has four resonant cavities, so that the toughness of the acoustic excitation antenna is enhanced, and further electromagnetic wave radiation with lower frequency is realized.
3. The polarization controllable acoustically active antenna of claim 1, wherein said acoustically active antenna has a size unit of less than 200mm and a thickness of less than 4mm, and said cross-shaped piezoelectric material is a 200mm thin film.
4. The polarization controllable acoustically-excited antenna of claim 1, wherein the cross-shaped piezoelectric material is a piezoelectric ceramic or a piezoelectric lithium niobate wafer.
5. The polarization-controllable acoustically-excited antenna according to claim 1, wherein the cross-shaped piezoelectric material is prepared by a slurry forming technology, and the two pairs of positive and negative electrodes are plated.
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| CN114430105A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-03 | 安徽大学 | Broadband ultralow frequency antenna |
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