CN116031639A - Miniaturized low-frequency bidirectional communication magnetoelectric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Miniaturized low-frequency bidirectional communication magnetoelectric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a miniaturized low-frequency two-way communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation and a preparation method thereof, wherein the antenna has a structure that a surface magnetostrictive layer, a piezoelectric layer and a bottom magnetostrictive layer are bonded and stacked from top to bottom to obtain a stacked structure with one aligned side, and a permanent magnet is adsorbed on one aligned side of the stacked structure by virtue of magnetic force to provide a bias magnetic field; the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric layer are respectively provided with an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer, and the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer are respectively connected to the SMA interface. The invention is based on magneto-electric coupling effect, and the permanent magnet is directly adsorbed at one end of the magneto-electric antenna for providing a bias magnetic field so as to realize the emission and the reception of low-frequency signals in good conductor medium, and the magneto-electric antenna has small volume, simple preparation process and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to a miniaturized low-frequency bidirectional communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation and a preparation method thereof, which can be used for transmitting and receiving signals in a good conductor medium.
Background
The low-frequency (LF, 30-300 kHz) electromagnetic wave has relatively large skin depth, has no obvious attenuation in good conductor media (sea water, shallow stratum and submarine mud stone), and is suitable for wireless communication research. The wireless communication can realize real-time sharing of information among a plurality of detectors, and the collection of ocean, underground or submarine element information realizes environmental monitoring, weather forecast and earthquake early warning.
However, the LF electromagnetic wave wavelength (λ=1-10 km) is long, and the LF communication antenna size is typically greater than one tenth of the wavelength. Miniaturization research of low frequency antennas has received much attention. In the patent numbers CN 110098475B and CN 111478872B, a high-speed servo motor is used to drive the electret and the spherical permanent magnet to rotate, so as to generate low-frequency electromagnetic radiation. The method has the limitations that the radiation field intensity and the efficiency of the LF mechanical rotary antenna are limited by the rotating speed of a motor and only electromagnetic waves can be emitted. In the patent CN 108879071B, a magneto-electric antenna based on magnetostrictive piezoelectric material is prepared using the bulk acoustic wave resonator principle. The method has the limitations of high cost and low yield. In the patent CN113938216 a, a very low frequency magneto-electric transmitting and receiving antenna is prepared by using magneto-electric coupling effect, and two permanent magnet materials are fixed on two sides at a certain distance from the magnetostrictive module. The method has the limitation that the position of the permanent magnet is required to be a certain distance from the device, so that the device is large in size. In the patent CN 115332772A, a tunable very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna with a cantilever structure is prepared by utilizing the magnetoelectric coupling effect. The fixed end of the method and the composite structure is composed of an aluminum plate and a permanent magnet, and one end of the cantilever structure is required to be fixed in test application, so that certain limitation exists. Furthermore, the patent numbers CN113938216 a and CN 115332772A are mainly directed to the very low frequency (3-30 kHz) band.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the miniaturized low-frequency bidirectional communication magnetoelectric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation, which is based on the magnetoelectric coupling effect, and utilizes the permanent magnet to be directly adsorbed at one end of the magnetoelectric antenna for providing a bias magnetic field so as to realize the emission and the reception of low-frequency signals in a good conductor medium, wherein the magnetoelectric antenna has the advantages of small volume, simple preparation process and low cost.
The invention further aims to provide a manufacturing method of the miniaturized low-frequency two-way communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the miniaturized low-frequency bidirectional communication magnetoelectric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation is formed by bonding and stacking a surface magnetostrictive layer, a piezoelectric layer and a bottom magnetostrictive layer from top to bottom to obtain a laminated structure with one aligned side, and a permanent magnet is adsorbed on one aligned side of the laminated structure by virtue of magnetic force to provide a bias magnetic field; the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric layer are respectively provided with an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer, and the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer are respectively connected to the SMA interface.
Furthermore, the lengths of the surface magnetostrictive layer and the bottom magnetostrictive layer are the same and are smaller than those of the piezoelectric layer.
Further, the length of the surface magnetostrictive layer and the bottom magnetostrictive layer is 6-20 mm, the width is 3-8 mm, and the thickness is 0.1-0.8 mm.
Further, the polarization direction of the piezoelectric layer is along the thickness direction, the length is 8-22 mm, the width is 3-8 mm, and the thickness is 0.1-0.8 mm.
Further, the permanent magnets are round or rectangular, 1-3 permanent magnet sections are adsorbed together through magnetism, the thickness of a single permanent magnet is 2-5 mm, and the diameter of the single permanent magnet is 3-10 mm.
Further, the materials of the surface magnetostrictive layer and the bottom magnetostrictive layer are one of Terfenol-D, metglas, gaFe alloy or CoFe alloy.
Further, the piezoelectric layer is made of one of piezoelectric ceramics, aluminum nitride, lithium niobate, zinc oxide or polymer piezoelectric materials, and the piezoelectric ceramics comprise barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics, lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics and lead magnesium niobate piezoelectric ceramics.
Further, the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer are made of one of Ag, au, pt or Ni.
Further, the antenna is suitable for low-frequency signal transmission and reception in sea water, shallow formations or submarine mudstone environments.
A preparation method of a miniaturized low-frequency bidirectional communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting a magnetostrictive material and a piezoelectric material into required sizes, and polishing a magnetostrictive sheet by fine sand paper to obtain a surface magnetostrictive layer and a bottom magnetostrictive layer;
s2, polarizing the piezoelectric sheet along the thickness direction to obtain a piezoelectric layer, and respectively preparing an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric layer by a magnetron sputtering or evaporation method;
s3, sequentially stacking a surface magnetostrictive layer, a piezoelectric layer and a bottom magnetostrictive layer from top to bottom, aligning one side of a stacked structure, bonding by epoxy resin adhesive, and curing in a vacuum environment;
s4, fixing the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer with one ends of corresponding enameled wires respectively through conductive silver paste, connecting the other ends of the enameled wires with an SMA interface, and adsorbing the permanent magnet on one aligned side of the laminated structure by means of magnetic force.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention is based on a good conductor medium communication system, utilizes the miniaturized magnetoelectric antenna excited by sound waves to realize the transmission and the reception of low-frequency signals in seawater, shallow stratum and submarine mud stones, and can realize two-way communication.
2. The antenna has the advantages of simple preparation process, easy operation and low cost.
3. The permanent magnet used by the antenna is directly attached to one end of the device, so that a bias magnetic field is provided, the magnetoelectric response is enhanced, the size of the antenna is greatly reduced, and the antenna equipment is small in size and high in transmission efficiency in practical application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency magnetoelectric antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the frequency response of a low frequency magnetoelectric antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a near field radiation pattern of a low frequency magneto-electric antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; wherein (a) represents y0z-plane and (b) represents x0z-plane.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a modulation communication test of a low frequency magneto-electric antenna in a saline environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing ASK communication test results of a low-frequency magneto-electric antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention in a saline environment.
In the figure, 1, a surface magnetostrictive layer, 2, an upper electrode layer, 3, a piezoelectric layer, 4, a lower electrode layer, 5, a bottom magnetostrictive layer, 6, a permanent magnet, 7 and an SMA interface.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the case of example 1,
a miniaturized low-frequency two-way communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation, as shown in figure 1, comprises a surface magnetostrictive layer 1, an upper electrode layer 2, a piezoelectric layer 3, a lower electrode layer 4, a bottom magnetostrictive layer 5, a permanent magnet 6 and an SMA interface 7;
the surface magnetostrictive layer 1, the piezoelectric layer 3 and the bottom magnetostrictive layer 5 form a laminated structure with aligned right side from top to bottom, and are fixed together through an adhesive, and the surface magnetostrictive layer 1 and the bottom magnetostrictive layer 5 are positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric layer 3; the permanent magnet 6 is adsorbed on the right side of the laminated structure by virtue of magnetic force; the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric layer 3 are provided with an upper electrode layer 2 and a lower electrode layer 4; the upper electrode layer 2 and the lower electrode layer 4 are connected to the SMA interface 7 by enameled wires, respectively.
The surface magnetostrictive layer 1, the piezoelectric layer 3 and the bottom magnetostrictive layer 5 are all rectangular thin-layer structures; in order to lead out the upper electrode layer 2 and the lower electrode layer 4, the length of the piezoelectric layer 3 is slightly longer than that of the surface magnetostrictive layer 1 and the bottom magnetostrictive layer 5.
The dimensions of the top magnetostrictive layer 1 and the bottom magnetostrictive layer 5 are consistent, with a length of 6-20 mm, a width of 3-8 mm, and a thickness of 0.1-0.8 mm, the dimensions being related to the magneto-electric coupling characteristics and the frequency of the antenna, as is known in the art. The structure sizes of the magnetostriction layers in the embodiment of the invention are all 12 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 0.5mm 3 。
The polarization direction of the piezoelectric layer 3 is in the thickness direction, the length is 8-22 mm, the width is 3-8 mm, the thickness is 0.1-0.8 mm, and the size is related to the magneto-electric coupling characteristic and the frequency of the antenna. In the embodiment of the invention, the structure size of the piezoelectric layer is 14 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 0.5mm 3 。
The permanent magnets 6 are selected to be round or rectangular, the number of the permanent magnets is 1-3, the sections are magnetically adsorbed together, the thickness of each permanent magnet is 2-5 mm, the diameter of each permanent magnet is 3-10 mm, the size and the thickness of each permanent magnet 6 determine the magnetic field intensity, and the magnetic field intensity influences the magneto-electric coupling characteristic of the antenna; the permanent magnet 6 is attracted to one end of the magnetoelectric antenna to provide a bias magnetic field, and theoretically, a permanent magnet material capable of maintaining constant magnetism through magnetization can be used, so that a rubidium magnet is selected in consideration of the volume, performance, cost and applicability of the material. The magnetic response of the magnetoelectric composite material is influenced by the direct current bias magnetic field, and the magnetoelectric response is enhanced along with the increase of the bias magnetic field and is stabilized when the optimal bias magnetic field is reached. In the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the rubidium magnet is 2mm, and the diameter is 6mm.
The device design of the embodiment of the invention is not symmetrical in terms of device structure, and as shown in fig. 2, the permanent magnet cannot be directly attached to the left end by means of the magnetism of the magnetostrictive material. If the permanent magnets 6 are arranged at two ends, the interaction force of the two magnets easily causes position change, so that the magnitude of the bias magnetic field is influenced, and the performance of the device is further influenced.
The materials of the surface magnetostrictive layer 1 and the bottom magnetostrictive layer 5 are one of Terfenol-D, metglas, gaFe alloy or CoFe alloy. In the embodiment of the invention, the magnetostrictive layer material is Terfenol-D.
The piezoelectric layer 3 is made of one of piezoelectric ceramics, aluminum nitride, lithium niobate, zinc oxide or polymer piezoelectric materials, and the piezoelectric ceramics comprise barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics, lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics and lead magnesium niobate piezoelectric ceramics. The piezoelectric layer material in the embodiment of the invention is lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic.
The material of the upper electrode layer 2 and the lower electrode layer 4 is one of Ag, au, pt or Ni. In the embodiment of the invention, the electrode layer is made of Ag.
The technical principle of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
as a receiving antenna, the magnetostrictive layer induces the electromagnetic wave magnetic field component to generate deformation, and the intermediate piezoelectric layer material is caused to generate deformation through the connecting layer (epoxy resin adhesive layer), so that radio frequency voltage output is generated due to the piezoelectric effect. When the antenna is used as a transmitting antenna, the piezoelectric layer is dynamically excited to generate acoustic resonance, strain is transferred to the magnetostrictive layer, and dynamic magnetization oscillation is generated to radiate electromagnetic waves. The output response is positively correlated with the magnitude of the drive voltage, and the electromagnetic signal generated by the output response can be modulated by changing the magnitude of the drive voltage.
A preparation method of a miniaturized low-frequency bidirectional communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting a magnetostrictive material and a piezoelectric material into required sizes, polishing a magnetostrictive sheet by using fine sand paper with the size of more than 1000 meshes, removing oxidized parts on the surface of the magnetostrictive material, avoiding damaging the surface flatness of the material, and obtaining a surface magnetostrictive layer 1 and a bottom magnetostrictive layer 5.
S2, polarizing the piezoelectric sheet along the thickness direction to obtain a piezoelectric layer 3, and preparing an upper electrode layer 2 and a lower electrode layer 4 on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric layer 3 by a magnetron sputtering or evaporation method.
S3, sequentially stacking the surface magnetostrictive layer 1, the piezoelectric layer 3 and the bottom magnetostrictive layer 5 from top to bottom, bonding the right side of the stacked structure by using epoxy resin glue, and curing the stacked structure in a vacuum environment for more than 10 hours, wherein the curing time is the time required for converting the epoxy resin glue from liquid to solid, and the specific curing time is determined by the type of glue and the environmental conditions in practice.
S4, fixing the upper electrode layer 2 and the lower electrode layer 4 with one ends of corresponding enameled wires respectively through conductive silver paste, connecting the other ends of the enameled wires with an SMA interface 7 through soldering tin, and adsorbing the permanent magnet 6 on one aligned side (right side) of the laminated structure by means of magnetic force.
In this embodiment, the radiation performance of the magneto-electric antenna and the communication performance (transmitting and receiving characteristics) in the good conductor medium are tested in a laboratory environment, the good conductor medium includes environments such as sea water, shallow stratum, submarine mud stone, etc., in this embodiment, the good conductor medium selects a saline solution with a salinity of 35%o (mass concentration) for communication test, and the test results are shown in fig. 2-5.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the output response is maximum at the resonance frequency. Fig. 3 is a near field radiation diagram of a low frequency magnetoelectric antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention: (a) y0z-plane and (b) x0z-plane, as a function of normalized radial magnetic field (Br) of the magneto-electric transmit antenna measured and elevation angle θ. From the near field radiation pattern of fig. 3, it can be seen that the magneto-electric antenna radial magnetic field is distributed in 8-shape in both y0z-plane and x0z-plane, the maximum radiation direction occurs in the 0 ° and 180 ° directions.
Referring to fig. 4, in this embodiment, the magneto-electric antenna is used as a transmitting end, the spiral coil is used as a receiving end, the baseband signal and the carrier signal are generated by the signal generator, one of ASK or FSK is selected for modulation, and the demodulation signal is received by the lock-in amplifier.
According to an ASK communication test result diagram in the saline environment of FIG. 5, the magneto-electric antenna receives a rectangular wave with 0 and 1 logic information periodically at a receiving end through ASK modulation, and the feasibility of the magneto-electric antenna in underwater wireless communication is preliminarily verified.
The existing low-frequency antenna comprises an LF mechanical rotary antenna based on electret, permanent magnet and piezoelectric resonance and a low-frequency coil antenna based on magnetic induction. The mechanical rotary antenna uses a high-speed servo motor to drive the electret and the spherical permanent magnet to rotate to generate low-frequency electromagnetic radiation, and only electromagnetic waves can be emitted. Low frequency coils based on magnetic induction can realize two-way one-to-one directional communication, but the size is relatively large, and a magnetic induction wireless communication system is immature. This problem needs to be solved in principle by an antenna to realize two-way communication. Those skilled in the art typically utilize a bulky external direct current magnetic bias, such as a helmholtz coil, electromagnet, or solenoid, to provide the magnetic bias, with these external devices symmetrically placed on either side of the magneto-electric device for improving the magneto-electric performance of the magneto-electric coupling device. The magnetoelectric antenna can realize the emission and the reception of electromagnetic waves based on the magnetoelectric effect and the inverse magnetoelectric effect; by utilizing electromagnetic wave propagation, the low-frequency electromagnetic wave has relatively large skin depth, has no obvious attenuation in good conductor media (seawater, shallow stratum and submarine mud stone), and is suitable for wireless communication research.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the electromagnetic wave is transmitted and received by utilizing the magneto-electric coupling effect, and the size of the magneto-electric antenna is greatly reduced by directly attaching the permanent magnet to one end of the device; compared with the prior art that two permanent magnet materials are fixed on two sides at a certain distance from a magnetostrictive module, the size of the device provided by the embodiment of the invention is reduced by 1 order of magnitude.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A miniaturized low-frequency bidirectional communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation is characterized in that a surface magnetostrictive layer (1), a piezoelectric layer (3) and a bottom magnetostrictive layer (5) are bonded and stacked from top to bottom to obtain a stacked structure with one aligned side, and a permanent magnet (6) is adsorbed on one aligned side of the stacked structure by virtue of magnetic force to provide a bias magnetic field; the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric layer (3) are respectively provided with an upper electrode layer (2) and a lower electrode layer (4), and the upper electrode layer (2) and the lower electrode layer (4) are respectively connected to an SMA interface (7).
2. The miniaturized low-frequency bidirectional communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation according to claim 1, wherein the lengths of the surface magnetostrictive layer (1) and the bottom magnetostrictive layer (5) are the same and are smaller than the piezoelectric layer (3).
3. The miniaturized low-frequency bi-directional communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation according to claim 1, wherein the length of the surface magnetostrictive layer (1) and the bottom magnetostrictive layer (5) is 6-20 mm, the width is 3-8 mm, and the thickness is 0.1-0.8 mm.
4. A miniaturized low frequency bi-directional communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation according to claim 1, characterized in that the polarization direction of the piezoelectric layer (3) is along the thickness direction, the length is 8-22 mm, the width is 3-8 mm, and the thickness is 0.1-0.8 mm.
5. The miniaturized low-frequency two-way communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnets (6) are round or rectangular, 1-3 sections of the permanent magnets (6) are adsorbed together by magnetism, the thickness of a single permanent magnet (6) is 2-5 mm, and the diameter is 3-10 mm.
6. The miniaturized low-frequency bi-directional communication magneto-electric antenna based on the acoustic wave excitation according to claim 1, wherein the materials of the surface magnetostrictive layer (1) and the bottom magnetostrictive layer (5) are one of Terfenol-D, metglas, gaFe alloy or CoFe alloy.
7. The miniaturized low-frequency bi-directional communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the piezoelectric layer (3) is one of piezoelectric ceramics, aluminum nitride, lithium niobate, zinc oxide or polymer piezoelectric materials, and the piezoelectric ceramics comprise barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate and lead magnesium niobate piezoelectric ceramics.
8. The miniaturized low-frequency bi-directional communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the upper electrode layer (2) and the lower electrode layer (4) is one of Ag, au, pt or Ni.
9. A miniaturized low frequency bi-directional communication magneto-electric antenna based on acoustic wave excitation according to claim 1, characterized by being suitable for low frequency signal transmission and reception in sea water, shallow formations or submarine mudstone environments.
10. The method for manufacturing the miniaturized low-frequency bi-directional communication magneto-electric antenna based on the acoustic wave excitation according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cutting a magnetostrictive material and a piezoelectric material into required sizes, and polishing a magnetostrictive sheet by fine sand paper to obtain a surface magnetostrictive layer (1) and a bottom magnetostrictive layer (5);
s2, polarizing the piezoelectric sheet along the thickness direction to obtain a piezoelectric layer (3), and respectively preparing an upper electrode layer (2) and a lower electrode layer (4) on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric layer (3) by a magnetron sputtering or evaporation method;
s3, sequentially laminating the surface magnetostrictive layer (1), the piezoelectric layer (3) and the bottom magnetostrictive layer (5) from top to bottom, aligning one side of a laminated structure, bonding by epoxy resin adhesive, and curing in a vacuum environment;
s4, fixing the upper electrode layer (2) and the lower electrode layer (4) with one ends of corresponding enameled wires respectively through conductive silver colloid, connecting the other ends of the enameled wires with an SMA interface (7), and adsorbing the permanent magnet (6) on one aligned side of the laminated structure by means of magnetic force.
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CN116487866A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-07-25 | 电子科技大学 | Magneto-electric mechanical antenna for ultra-low frequency communication system and preparation method thereof |
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CN116487866A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-07-25 | 电子科技大学 | Magneto-electric mechanical antenna for ultra-low frequency communication system and preparation method thereof |
CN116487866B (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2024-04-26 | 电子科技大学 | Magneto-electric mechanical antenna for ultra-low frequency communication system and preparation method thereof |
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