CN113745588A - Cold start method and device for fuel cell vehicle - Google Patents
Cold start method and device for fuel cell vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113745588A CN113745588A CN202110854725.7A CN202110854725A CN113745588A CN 113745588 A CN113745588 A CN 113745588A CN 202110854725 A CN202110854725 A CN 202110854725A CN 113745588 A CN113745588 A CN 113745588A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 101
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle engineering, in particular to a cold start method and a cold start device of a fuel cell automobile, wherein the method comprises the following steps: entering cold start operation according to the acquired cold start information of the fuel cell automobile; in the cold start operation process, obtaining the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameters of the electric stack; wherein the fuel cell system includes the coolant and the stack; and if the stack outlet temperature is not less than the stack outlet temperature threshold value and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameter meets the set voltage condition, determining that the cold start operation is started successfully. The method realizes the effects of ensuring that the fuel cell system can be normally started in a low-temperature environment, enhancing the cold start performance stability, improving the cold start efficiency, enabling the galvanic pile to operate in a proper environment and meeting the power required by the whole vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle engineering, in particular to a cold start method and a cold start device of a fuel cell automobile.
Background
With the increasingly intense competition in the automotive field, enterprises and colleges have begun to engage in research on hydrogen fuel cell automobiles. In the prior art, when the ambient temperature and the temperature of coolant entering the galvanic pile are simultaneously less than the calibration value, the phenomenon of icing can occur to the inside negative and positive gas pipeline of fuel cell and the water in the galvanic pile, causes the jam to the airflow channel in the galvanic pile, reduces the activity of negative and positive catalyst, leads to long start-up time or start failure of fuel cell car in low temperature environment, has initiated the poor problem of cold start performance stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a cold start method and a cold start device for a fuel cell automobile, solves the technical problem of poor cold start performance stability of the fuel cell automobile in the prior art, realizes the guarantee of normal start of a fuel cell system in a low-temperature environment, enhances the cold start performance stability, improves the cold start efficiency, enables a galvanic pile to operate in a proper environment, and meets the technical effect of required power of the whole automobile.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cold start method for a fuel cell vehicle, including:
entering cold start operation according to the acquired cold start information of the fuel cell automobile;
in the cold start operation process, obtaining the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameters of the electric stack; wherein the fuel cell system includes the coolant and the stack;
and if the stack outlet temperature is not less than the stack outlet temperature threshold value and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameter meets the set voltage condition, determining that the cold start operation is started successfully.
Preferably, the obtaining of the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the stack single-chip voltage parameters of the stack comprises:
the stack outlet temperature and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameters are obtained by starting a thermal management subsystem in a fuel cell system of the fuel cell automobile and then starting the electric stack self-heating operation of the fuel cell system.
Preferably, the starting of the thermal management subsystem in the fuel cell system of the fuel cell vehicle includes:
starting a water pump in the heat management subsystem, and controlling the rotating speed of the water pump according to the temperature difference of the cooling liquid; starting a temperature control valve and a heater in the thermal management subsystem, and controlling the cooling liquid to directly pass through the heater after passing through the water pump; wherein the temperature difference is the difference between the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid;
heating the hydrogen discharge water valve when the obtained valve temperature of the hydrogen discharge water valve in the fuel cell system is not more than the temperature threshold value of the first hydrogen discharge water valve; when the heated valve temperature of the heated hydrogen discharge drain valve is not less than the temperature threshold value of the second hydrogen discharge drain valve, stopping heating the hydrogen discharge drain valve; wherein the second hydrogen drain valve temperature threshold is greater than the first hydrogen drain valve temperature threshold;
and when the valve temperature is not less than the temperature threshold of the second hydrogen discharge drain valve and the obtained stack entering pressure of the cooling liquid is not less than the stack entering pressure threshold of the cooling liquid, determining that the heat management subsystem is started successfully.
Preferably, during the cold start operation, the method includes:
and after the heat management subsystem is started successfully, controlling the operating power of the heater according to the stack outlet temperature.
Preferably, the starting of the stack self-heating operation of the fuel cell system includes:
starting the self-heating operation of the stack while controlling the operating power of the heater; wherein the stack self-heating operation comprises sequentially starting an air subsystem, a hydrogen subsystem and a direct current converter in the fuel cell system.
Preferably, the determining that the cold start operation is successfully started includes:
if the stack outlet temperature is not less than the stack outlet temperature threshold, the minimum value of the voltage of the single cell of the galvanic pile is not less than the voltage threshold of the single cell, and the average value of the voltage of the single cell of the galvanic pile is not less than the average voltage threshold of the single cell, determining that the cold start operation is successfully started; wherein the stack on-chip voltage parameter includes the stack on-chip voltage minimum value and the stack on-chip voltage average value.
Preferably, the acquired cold start information of the fuel cell vehicle includes:
acquiring the ambient temperature of the fuel cell vehicle, the time for measuring the ambient temperature and the initial stack-out temperature of the cooling liquid;
and when the environment temperature is within the environment temperature threshold range, the time is not less than the set time, and the initial reactor discharge temperature is within the calibration threshold range, acquiring the cold start information.
Based on the same inventive concept, in a second aspect, the present invention further provides a cold start apparatus of a fuel cell vehicle, comprising:
the entering module is used for entering cold start operation according to the acquired cold start information of the fuel cell automobile;
the obtaining module is used for obtaining the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameter of the electric stack in the cold start operation process; wherein the fuel cell system includes the coolant and the stack;
and the determining module is used for determining that the cold start operation is successfully started if the stack outlet temperature is not less than the stack outlet temperature threshold and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameter meets the set voltage condition.
Based on the same inventive concept, in a third aspect, the present invention provides an electric vehicle, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method for safeguarding an electronic device when executing the program.
Based on the same inventive concept, in a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an electric vehicle readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method of safeguarding an electronic device.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the invention provides a method comprising.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a cold start method for a fuel cell vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell system in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows a block schematic diagram of a cold start apparatus of a fuel cell vehicle in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Example one
A first embodiment of the present invention provides a cold start method of a fuel cell vehicle, as shown in fig. 1. The cold start method is applied to the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system will be described in detail to make the cold start method more clear.
As shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell system includes: the system comprises a cooling liquid, a galvanic pile 210, a thermal management subsystem 220, a hydrogen subsystem 230, an air subsystem 240 and a direct current converter 250, wherein the direct current converter 250 is a DC/DC converter. The stack 210, the thermal management subsystem 220, the air subsystem 240, and the hydrogen subsystem 230 are all connected to the stack 210. The output terminal of the stack 210 is connected to the input terminal of the dc converter 250, and the dc converter 250 is used to supply the electric energy of the stack 210 to the battery of the fuel cell vehicle for charging. In fig. 2, the coolant is not labeled, but the direction of flow of the coolant in the thermal management subsystem 220 is labeled with an arrow.
The hydrogen subsystem 230 includes: a hydrogen inlet valve 231, a proportional valve 232, a hydrogen circulating pump 233, a gas-liquid separator 234 and a hydrogen discharge drain valve 235. The input end of the proportional valve 232 is connected to the hydrogen inlet valve 231, and the output end is connected to the stack 210. The input end of the gas-liquid separator 234 is connected with the electric pile 210, and the output end is respectively connected with the hydrogen circulating pump 233 and the hydrogen discharge drain valve 235. The gas-liquid separator 234 is used to separate hydrogen and water discharged from the stack 210, input a part of the separated hydrogen to the hydrogen circulation pump 233, and discharge another part of the separated hydrogen and water through the hydrogen discharge valve 235. The hydrogen circulation pump 233 is also connected to the stack 210, and is configured to input the separated hydrogen into the stack 210, so as to recycle the hydrogen again.
The air subsystem 240 includes: an air filter 241, an air compressor 242, an air flow meter 243, an intercooler 244, and a humidifier 245, and a back pressure valve 246 are connected in this order. The humidifier 245 is also connected to the stack 210 for inputting humidified air into the stack 210. A back pressure valve 246 is connected to the stack 210 for discharging air output from the stack 210.
The specific implementation steps of the cold start method of the fuel cell vehicle provided in this embodiment are described in detail below with reference to fig. 1:
first, step S101 is executed to perform a cold start operation based on the acquired cold start information of the fuel cell vehicle.
Specifically, the cold start information can be acquired in two ways, namely, an automatic way and a manual way. In the automatic mode, a network platform carried by the fuel cell vehicle is used for automatically acquiring the weather forecast of the current area where the fuel cell vehicle is located, further acquiring the environmental temperature information of the current area and the time for detecting the environmental temperature, and acquiring the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid at the moment, namely the initial stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid. In practical applications, the temperature of the coolant exiting the stack is considered to be the temperature of the stack 210. And when the ambient temperature is within the ambient temperature threshold range, the time is not less than the set time, and the initial stack-out temperature is within the calibration threshold range, acquiring cold start information sent by the fuel cell vehicle. The ambient temperature threshold is usually a calibrated value a to 0 ℃, the calibrated threshold is usually a calibrated value B to 0 ℃, and the setting time is usually 5 minutes. The environmental temperature threshold range, the calibration threshold range and the setting time can be set according to actual requirements. The reason for using the ambient temperature of the automobile and the initial stack-out temperature of the coolant as the judgment conditions in an automatic manner is to prevent the fuel cell system from entering the cold start operation by the error of the jump of the ambient temperature in the vicinity of 0 ℃.
For example, assume that the ambient temperature threshold is [ A, 0 ℃ ], the calibration threshold range is [ B, 0 ℃ ], and the set time is 5 minutes. In an automatic mode, when the environmental temperature A is less than or equal to 0 ℃ and lasts for 5 minutes, and the initial stacking temperature B is less than or equal to 0 ℃, cold start information sent by the fuel cell automobile is obtained, and cold start operation is carried out according to the cold start information. There are two situations that directly result in a cold start failure of the fuel cell system: when the ambient temperature is less than A, the ambient temperature of the fuel cell automobile is too low, cold start is not supported, and cold start failure of the fuel cell system is caused. When the initial stack outlet temperature is less than B, the temperature of the electric stack is too low, cold start is not supported, and cold start failure of the fuel cell system is caused.
In a manual mode, a cold start button is arranged in the fuel cell automobile, the current gear of the automobile can be set to be P gear, the speed of the automobile is 0km/h, a user manually presses the cold start button to obtain cold start information sent by the fuel cell automobile, and the cold start operation is started. The manual method is mainly applied to the situation that when the automobile is transported to the environment with higher temperature from the low-temperature environment, the environment temperature is higher, the temperature of the discharged cooling liquid is lower, and the normal-temperature starting process may cause the starting failure of the fuel cell system.
In this embodiment, through the automatic monitoring mode and the mode of a key cold start to the ambient temperature that the car was located, the initial play heap temperature of coolant liquid, perfect the entering condition of fuel cell system cold start operation, avoid because the restriction of entering condition, lead to the cold start failure of fuel cell system, the stability of reinforcing cold mobility performance improves cold start efficiency, guarantees the normal start of fuel cell system when low temperature environment, satisfies the required power of whole car.
Next, step S102 is executed, and during the cold start operation, the stack outlet temperature of the coolant and the stack single-chip voltage parameter of the stack 210 are obtained; the fuel cell system includes, among other things, a coolant and a stack 210.
Specifically, the cold start operation includes two steps of starting the thermal management subsystem 220 and starting the stack self-heating operation. The starting sequence of the thermal management subsystem 220 and the self-heating operation of the electric pile can be started simultaneously or sequentially. The preferred scheme is as follows: in the cold start operation process, stack outlet temperature and stack single-chip voltage parameters are obtained by starting the thermal management subsystem 220 in the fuel cell system of the fuel cell automobile and then starting the stack self-heating operation of the fuel cell system. The following description will be given by taking a preferred embodiment as an example of a specific starting operation process of the thermal management subsystem 220 and the self-heating operation of the stack, and please refer to the preferred embodiment for other embodiments.
In the cold start operation, the thermal management subsystem 220 is started first, and after the thermal management subsystem 220 is started successfully, the stack self-heating operation is started. In the stack self-heating operation, whether the cold start is successful is determined by judging the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the stack single-chip voltage parameter of the stack 210.
The process of starting up the thermal management subsystem 220 is: the water pump 222 in the thermal management subsystem 220 is started, and the rotation speed of the water pump 222 is controlled through closed-loop control of a proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller for short) of the water pump 222 according to the temperature difference of the coolant, wherein the temperature difference is the difference between the reactor outlet temperature and the reactor inlet temperature of the coolant. And starting a temperature control valve 223 and a heater 224 in the thermal management subsystem 220, controlling the cooling liquid to directly pass through the heater 224 after passing through the water pump 222, so that the cooling liquid does not pass through the heat dissipation device 225 after passing through the water pump 222, and is directly heated by the heater 224, thereby being beneficial to the rapid temperature rise of the cooling liquid. Wherein the heater 224 is a PTC heater. It should be further noted that the closed-loop control principle of the PID controller of the water pump 222 is as follows: if the temperature difference is larger, the difference between the reactor outlet temperature and the reactor inlet temperature is large, and the rotating speed of the water pump 222 needs to be controlled and accelerated. The smaller the temperature difference, the lower the rotation speed of the water pump 222 needs to be controlled.
Meanwhile, the valve temperature of the hydrogen discharge/drain valve 235 in the fuel cell system is acquired. When the temperature of the valve is not more than the temperature threshold of the first hydrogen discharge drain valve, the hydrogen discharge drain valve 235 is heated through a heating relay on the hydrogen discharge drain valve 235. After the hydrogen discharge drain valve 235 is heated, when the valve temperature is not less than the second hydrogen discharge drain valve temperature threshold value, the heating of the hydrogen discharge drain valve 235 is stopped. Wherein the temperature threshold of the second hydrogen discharge drain valve is greater than the temperature threshold of the first hydrogen discharge drain valve. The temperature threshold of the first hydrogen discharge water valve is usually 0 ℃, the temperature threshold of the second hydrogen discharge water valve is usually 40 ℃, and both the temperature threshold of the second hydrogen discharge water valve and the temperature threshold of the first hydrogen discharge water valve can be set according to actual requirements.
And when the valve temperature is not less than the temperature threshold of the second hydrogen discharge drain valve and the obtained stack entering pressure of the cooling liquid is not less than the stack entering pressure threshold of the cooling liquid, determining that the heat management subsystem 220 is started successfully. And when the temperature of the valve is less than the temperature threshold of the second hydrogen discharge drain valve, or when the obtained stack entering pressure of the cooling liquid is less than the stack entering pressure threshold of the cooling liquid, determining that the heat management subsystem 220 is not started successfully. The coolant inlet pressure threshold is usually 120Kpa, and can also be set according to actual requirements.
In this embodiment, in the cold start operation, the thermal management subsystem 220 needs to be started first, and the coolant needs to be operated in the stack 210, so as to provide safety guarantee for the formal operation of the stack 210, improve the cold start efficiency, and enable the stack 210 to operate in a suitable environment to meet the power required by the entire vehicle.
Throughout cold start operation, the operating power of heater 224 is controlled based on the stack out temperature after thermal management subsystem 220 has successfully started. The method specifically comprises the following steps: after heater 224 is activated, the operating power of heater 224 is varied in response to the coolant stack-out temperature change. Then there are instances where the operating power of heater 224 is still changing as the stack-out temperature of the coolant changes after thermal management subsystem 220 has been successfully activated. The operating power of heater 224 varies as follows:
when the reactor outlet temperature is less than-20 ℃, the operation power of the heater 224 is set as the rated power;
when the temperature is less than or equal to minus 20 ℃ and less than minus 10 ℃, the operation power of the heater 224 is set to be 80 percent of the rated power;
when the temperature is more than or equal to minus 10 ℃ and less than 0 ℃, the operation power of the heater 224 is set to be 60 percent of the rated power;
when the temperature is more than or equal to 0 ℃ and less than 5 ℃, the operation power of the heater 224 is set to be 40 percent of the rated power.
The operation power of the heater 224 is controlled in stages by the tapping temperature of the coolant. The operating power of the heater 224 is controlled such that the operating power of the heater 224 is controlled to be reduced as the stack-out temperature of the coolant increases.
In this embodiment, when the temperature of the coolant exiting from the stack is low, the operation power of the heater 224 is increased to increase the heating speed of the stack 210. When the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid gradually rises, the operation power of the heater 224 is properly reduced, and the purpose of reducing the energy consumption of the fuel cell system is achieved. Meanwhile, the operation power of the heater 224 is controlled in a segmented mode through the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid, the stability of the cold air performance can be enhanced, and the cold start efficiency is improved.
During the entire cold start operation, after the thermal management subsystem 220 is successfully started, stack self-heating operation is initiated while controlling the operating power of heater 224. The stack self-heating operation of the fuel cell system is: after the thermal management subsystem 220 is successfully started, the air subsystem 240, the hydrogen subsystem 230, and the dc converter 250 in the fuel cell system are sequentially started. The DC converter 250 is a DC/DC converter.
In the embodiment, a strategy that the stack self-heating operation and the heater 224 heating are performed simultaneously is adopted, so that the cold start time of the fuel cell system is shortened, and the driving experience is optimized. In addition, in a low-temperature environment, the stack self-heating operation is to ensure that the stack 210 can perform basic operation, so that the air subsystem 240, the hydrogen subsystem 230 and the dc converter 250 operate, thereby providing safety guarantee for the subsequent normal operation of the stack 210 and the fuel cell system, enhancing the stability of cold air performance, and improving cold start efficiency.
The process of starting up the air subsystem 240 is: starting an air compressor 242 of the air subsystem 240, and controlling the rotating speed of the air compressor 242 through closed-loop control of a PID (proportion integration differentiation) controller of the air compressor according to the air inlet flow; and opening a backpressure valve 246 of the air subsystem 240, and controlling the opening degree of the backpressure valve 246 according to the stack pressure of the air; wherein the air inlet flow rate is obtained by measuring the flow rate of air entering the stack 210 through the air flow meter 243 of the air subsystem 240, and the air inlet pressure is obtained by measuring the pressure of air entering the stack 210 through the air inlet pressure sensor in the air subsystem 240. As soon as the fuel cell vehicle is powered on, the air filter 241, the air flow meter 243, the intercooler 244, and the humidifier 245 start to operate without control.
The back pressure valve 246 works on the principle: with the back pressure valve 246 fully open, the air inlet pressure is at a minimum. With the back pressure valve 246 fully closed, the air inlet pressure is at a maximum. The control of the air inlet pressure is realized by controlling the opening degree of the backpressure valve 246.
When the speed of the air compressor 242 is not less than the minimum operating speed of the air compressor 242 and the air stack pressure is not less than the air stack pressure threshold, it is determined that the air subsystem 240 has been successfully activated. The air subsystem 240 is determined to be not successfully started when the speed of the air compressor 242 is less than the minimum operating speed, or when the air stack inlet pressure is less than the air stack inlet pressure threshold. The lowest operation speed of the air compressor 242 and the air inlet pressure threshold can be set according to actual requirements.
In this example, the air subsystem 240 is started by controlling the rotation speed of the air compressor 242 and the opening degree of the backpressure valve 246, so that the heating speed of the stack 210 is increased, the stability of the cold start performance is enhanced, the cold start efficiency is improved, and the air subsystem 240 is quickly and normally started in a low-temperature environment.
After the air subsystem 240 is successfully started, the hydrogen subsystem 230 is started. The process of starting up the hydrogen subsystem 230 is: first, the hydrogen inlet valve 231 of the hydrogen subsystem 230 is opened to introduce hydrogen. Then, the proportional valve 232 of the hydrogen subsystem 230 is opened, and the opening of the proportional valve 232 is controlled through the closed-loop control of the PID controller of the proportional valve 232 according to the stack entering pressure of the hydrogen; and starting the hydrogen circulating pump 233 of the hydrogen subsystem 230, and controlling the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump 233 according to the hydrogen pressure difference; the hydrogen stack inlet pressure is measured by a pressure sensor at the hydrogen stack inlet of the hydrogen subsystem 230, and the hydrogen pressure difference is a difference between the hydrogen stack inlet pressure and the hydrogen stack outlet pressure. It is also necessary to open the hydrogen discharge drain valve 235 and perform periodic hydrogen discharge and drain through the hydrogen discharge drain valve 235.
When the hydrogen inlet pressure is not less than the hydrogen inlet pressure threshold value and the hydrogen circulation pump 233 feeds back the start success information, it indicates that the hydrogen path pressure build is completed and the hydrogen circulation pump 233 is normally started, and it is determined that the hydrogen subsystem 230 is successfully started. When the hydrogen inlet pressure is smaller than the hydrogen inlet pressure threshold, it indicates that the hydrogen path pressure build-up is not completed, or when the hydrogen circulation pump 233 feeds back the unsuccessful start-up information, it is determined that the hydrogen subsystem 230 is not successfully started.
In this example, the opening of the proportional valve 232 and the rotation speed of the hydrogen circulation pump 233 are controlled to start the hydrogen subsystem 230, so as to accelerate the heating speed of the stack 210, enhance the stability of the cold start performance, improve the cold start efficiency, and enable the hydrogen subsystem 230 to be started quickly and normally in a low-temperature environment.
After the hydrogen subsystem 230 is successfully started, the dc converter 250 is started. The specific process of starting the dc converter 250 is: the direct current converter 250 is controlled to obtain power from the stack 210 and perform low-voltage pre-charging. When the minimum value of the stack single-chip voltage is not less than the minimum value when the fuel cell system operates, the low-voltage pre-charging of the direct current converter 250 is determined to be successful. When the minimum value of the stack single-chip voltage is smaller than the minimum value when the fuel cell system operates, the low-voltage pre-charging failure of the direct current converter 250 is determined.
In this embodiment, after the thermal management subsystem 220, the air subsystem 240, and the hydrogen subsystem 230 are successfully started up, the stack 210 is already in operation, and the stack 210 in operation generates thermal energy and electrical energy. At this time, the input terminal of the dc converter 250 has voltage from the stack 210, and the output terminal has no voltage. In order to avoid arc discharge when the dc converter 250 directly operates, low-voltage pre-charging needs to be performed on the dc converter 250 to make voltages at two ends of the dc converter 250 consistent, so as to ensure safe operation of the dc converter 250 and protect the dc converter 250.
After the low-voltage pre-charging of the DC converter 250 is successful, the DC converter 250 is controlled to be started. After the dc converter 250 is controlled to be turned on, current is applied to the dc converter 250 through the stack 210, the stack 210 is controlled to be heated, and the dc converter 250 is controlled to charge the battery of the fuel cell vehicle.
Specifically, an input current threshold is preset at the input of the dc converter 250, and the input current threshold is usually 100A, and may also be set according to actual requirements. The electric pile 210 loads current to the direct current converter 250 by adopting a segmented current loading mode. For example, assuming an input current threshold of 100A, the gradient of the current loaded by the stack 210 is divided into five segments. In each segment, the stack 210 boosts the loaded current by 20A over a period of 30 seconds. Specifically, the first period is 30 seconds, and the stack 210 raises the loaded current from 0A to 20A; for the second 30 seconds, the stack 210 will increase the loaded current from 20A to 40A; the third segment is 30 seconds, and the electric pile 210 lifts the loaded current from 40A to 60A; the fourth segment is 30 seconds, and the stack 210 lifts the loaded current from 60A to 80A; the fifth segment is 30 seconds and the stack 210 steps the loaded current from 80A to 100A.
When each section of the current loading mode is in the sectional current loading mode, the speed of loading the current to the galvanic pile 210 is set according to the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid, and the rule is that the lower the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid is, the faster the speed of loading the current to the galvanic pile 210 is. Therefore, as the coolant is heated by the heater 224 and the stack 210 operates to generate heat, the stack-out temperature of the coolant gradually increases, and the current is slowly applied to the stack 210.
In this embodiment, after the low-voltage pre-charging of the dc-dc converter 250 is successful, the dc-dc converter 250 is turned on, and the stack 210 is controlled to perform a current loading mode on the dc-dc converter 250 in a segmented manner, so that the stack 210 operates to heat itself, thereby enhancing the stability of the cold start performance, improving the cold start efficiency, and also enabling the dc-dc converter 250 to charge the battery, and saving energy consumption.
And when the acquired input end current of the direct current converter 250 is consistent with the input end current threshold, judging the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the voltage parameter of the galvanic pile single chip.
Then, step S103 is executed, and if the stack outlet temperature is not less than the stack outlet temperature threshold and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameter meets the set voltage condition, it is determined that the cold start operation is successfully started.
Specifically, if the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid is not less than the stack outlet temperature threshold, the minimum value of the voltage of the single cell of the galvanic pile is not less than the voltage threshold of the single cell, and the average value of the voltage of the single cell of the galvanic pile is not less than the average voltage threshold of the single cell, the cold start operation is determined to be successfully started; the electric pile single-chip voltage parameter comprises an electric pile single-chip voltage minimum value and an electric pile single-chip voltage average value. The stack individual voltage minimum refers to the voltage minimum of the individual stack when the stack 210 is in operation.
And if the stack outlet temperature is smaller than the stack outlet temperature threshold, or the minimum value of the voltage of the single sheets of the galvanic pile is smaller than the single sheet voltage threshold, or the average value of the voltage of the single sheets of the galvanic pile is smaller than the average value of the voltage of the single sheets, determining that the cold start operation is not successful. Wherein, the stack-out temperature threshold is usually 5 ℃, and can also be set according to actual requirements. The minimum value of the voltage of the single cell of the electric pile and the average value of the voltage of the single cell of the electric pile are set according to actual requirements.
In the embodiment, by considering the coolant stack-out temperature and the electric stack single-chip voltage value, after the cold start operation is finished, the electric stack can respond to the required power of a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU). Namely, after the cold start of the fuel cell automobile is successful, the fuel cell system can respond to the current demand of the VCU to carry out power output.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
in the present embodiment, the cold start operation is entered based on the cold start information of the fuel cell vehicle. And in the cold start operation, judging whether the cold start of the fuel cell system is successful or not according to the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the single-chip voltage parameter of the electric stack. Specifically, after the cooling liquid and the galvanic pile are preliminarily heated through the initial starting heat management subsystem, the galvanic pile is started to perform self-heating operation, the galvanic pile is further heated, the heating speed of the galvanic pile is increased, the fuel cell system can be normally started in a low-temperature environment, the stability of the performance of cold air is enhanced, and the cold start efficiency is improved. In the self-heating operation of the electric pile, when the pile-out temperature is not less than the pile-out temperature threshold value and the electric pile single-chip voltage parameter meets the set voltage condition, the success of the cold start of the fuel cell automobile is determined. The success of cold start operation is judged through strict judgment conditions, and the stability of cold air performance is further ensured.
Example two
Based on the same inventive concept, a second embodiment of the present invention also provides a cold start apparatus of a fuel cell vehicle, as shown in fig. 3, including:
an entering module 301, configured to enter a cold start operation according to the obtained cold start information of the fuel cell vehicle;
an obtaining module 302, configured to obtain a stack outlet temperature of the coolant and a stack monolithic voltage parameter of the stack during the cold start operation; wherein the fuel cell system includes the coolant and the stack;
the determining module 303 is configured to determine that the cold start operation is successfully started if the stack outlet temperature is not less than the stack outlet temperature threshold and the stack monolithic voltage parameter meets a set voltage condition.
As an alternative embodiment, the obtaining module 302 is configured to obtain the stack outlet temperature of the cooling fluid and the stack monolithic voltage parameter of the stack, and includes:
the stack outlet temperature and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameters are obtained by starting a thermal management subsystem in a fuel cell system of the fuel cell automobile and then starting the electric stack self-heating operation of the fuel cell system.
As an alternative embodiment, the starting of the thermal management subsystem in the fuel cell system of the fuel cell vehicle includes:
starting a water pump in the heat management subsystem, and controlling the rotating speed of the water pump according to the temperature difference of the cooling liquid; starting a temperature control valve and a heater in the thermal management subsystem, and controlling the cooling liquid to directly pass through the heater after passing through the water pump; wherein the temperature difference is the difference between the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid;
heating the hydrogen discharge water valve when the obtained valve temperature of the hydrogen discharge water valve in the fuel cell system is not more than the temperature threshold value of the first hydrogen discharge water valve; when the heated valve temperature of the heated hydrogen discharge drain valve is not less than the temperature threshold value of the second hydrogen discharge drain valve, stopping heating the hydrogen discharge drain valve; wherein the second hydrogen drain valve temperature threshold is greater than the first hydrogen drain valve temperature threshold;
and when the valve temperature is not less than the temperature threshold of the second hydrogen discharge drain valve and the obtained stack entering pressure of the cooling liquid is not less than the stack entering pressure threshold of the cooling liquid, determining that the heat management subsystem is started successfully.
As an alternative embodiment, the obtaining module 302 is configured to, during the cold start operation, include:
and after the heat management subsystem is started successfully, controlling the operating power of the heater according to the stack outlet temperature.
As an alternative embodiment, the obtaining module 302 is configured to start the stack self-heating operation of the fuel cell system, and includes:
starting the self-heating operation of the stack while controlling the operating power of the heater; wherein the stack self-heating operation comprises sequentially starting an air subsystem, a hydrogen subsystem and a direct current converter in the fuel cell system.
As an alternative embodiment, the determining module 303, configured to determine that the cold start operation is successfully started, includes:
if the stack outlet temperature is not less than the stack outlet temperature threshold, the minimum value of the voltage of the single cell of the galvanic pile is not less than the voltage threshold of the single cell, and the average value of the voltage of the single cell of the galvanic pile is not less than the average voltage threshold of the single cell, determining that the cold start operation is successfully started; wherein the stack on-chip voltage parameter includes the stack on-chip voltage minimum value and the stack on-chip voltage average value.
As an alternative embodiment, the entering module 301 is configured to obtain cold start information of the fuel cell vehicle, and includes:
acquiring the ambient temperature of the fuel cell vehicle, the time for measuring the ambient temperature and the initial stack-out temperature of the cooling liquid;
and when the environment temperature is within the environment temperature threshold range, the time is not less than the set time, and the initial reactor discharge temperature is within the calibration threshold range, acquiring the cold start information.
Since the cold start apparatus of the fuel cell vehicle described in this embodiment is an apparatus used for implementing the cold start method of the fuel cell vehicle in the first embodiment of this application, based on the cold start method of the fuel cell vehicle described in the first embodiment of this application, a person skilled in the art can understand a specific implementation manner of the cold start apparatus of the fuel cell vehicle in this embodiment and various modifications thereof, and therefore, how to implement the method in the first embodiment of this application by the cold start apparatus of the fuel cell vehicle is not described in detail herein. The device used by those skilled in the art to implement the method for cold starting a fuel cell vehicle in the first embodiment of the present application is within the scope of the present application.
EXAMPLE III
Based on the same inventive concept, the third embodiment of the present invention further provides an electric vehicle, as shown in fig. 4, comprising a memory 404, a processor 402 and a computer program stored on the memory 404 and operable on the processor 402, wherein the processor 402, when executing the program, implements the steps of any one of the above-mentioned cold start methods of the fuel cell vehicle.
Where in fig. 4 a bus architecture (represented by bus 400) is shown, bus 400 may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, and bus 400 links together various circuits including one or more processors, represented by processor 402, and memory, represented by memory 404. The bus 400 may also link together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further herein. A bus interface 406 provides an interface between the bus 400 and the receiver 401 and transmitter 403. The receiver 401 and the transmitter 403 may be the same element, i.e., a transceiver, providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The processor 402 is responsible for managing the bus 400 and general processing, while the memory 404 may be used for storing data used by the processor 402 in performing operations.
Example four
Based on the same inventive concept, a fourth embodiment of the present invention also provides an electric vehicle readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of any one of the methods of the cold start method of the fuel cell vehicle described in the previous embodiment.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A cold start method of a fuel cell vehicle, characterized by comprising:
entering cold start operation according to the acquired cold start information of the fuel cell automobile;
in the cold start operation process, obtaining the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameters of the electric stack; wherein the fuel cell system includes the coolant and the stack;
and if the stack outlet temperature is not less than the stack outlet temperature threshold value and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameter meets the set voltage condition, determining that the cold start operation is started successfully.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the stack-out temperature of the cooling fluid and the stack individual sheet voltage parameters of the stack comprises:
the stack outlet temperature and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameters are obtained by starting a thermal management subsystem in a fuel cell system of the fuel cell automobile and then starting the electric stack self-heating operation of the fuel cell system.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said initiating a thermal management subsystem in a fuel cell system of said fuel cell vehicle comprises:
starting a water pump in the heat management subsystem, and controlling the rotating speed of the water pump according to the temperature difference of the cooling liquid; starting a temperature control valve and a heater in the thermal management subsystem, and controlling the cooling liquid to directly pass through the heater after passing through the water pump; wherein the temperature difference is the difference between the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid;
heating the hydrogen discharge water valve when the obtained valve temperature of the hydrogen discharge water valve in the fuel cell system is not more than the temperature threshold value of the first hydrogen discharge water valve; when the heated valve temperature of the heated hydrogen discharge drain valve is not less than the temperature threshold value of the second hydrogen discharge drain valve, stopping heating the hydrogen discharge drain valve; wherein the second hydrogen drain valve temperature threshold is greater than the first hydrogen drain valve temperature threshold;
and when the valve temperature is not less than the temperature threshold of the second hydrogen discharge drain valve and the obtained stack entering pressure of the cooling liquid is not less than the stack entering pressure threshold of the cooling liquid, determining that the heat management subsystem is started successfully.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein during the cold start operation, comprising:
and after the heat management subsystem is started successfully, controlling the operating power of the heater according to the stack outlet temperature.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the initiating stack self-heating operation of the fuel cell system comprises:
starting the self-heating operation of the stack while controlling the operating power of the heater; wherein the stack self-heating operation comprises sequentially starting an air subsystem, a hydrogen subsystem and a direct current converter in the fuel cell system.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining that the cold start operation was initiated successfully comprises:
if the stack outlet temperature is not less than the stack outlet temperature threshold, the minimum value of the voltage of the single cell of the galvanic pile is not less than the voltage threshold of the single cell, and the average value of the voltage of the single cell of the galvanic pile is not less than the average voltage threshold of the single cell, determining that the cold start operation is successfully started; wherein the stack on-chip voltage parameter includes the stack on-chip voltage minimum value and the stack on-chip voltage average value.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acquired cold start information of the fuel cell vehicle includes:
acquiring the ambient temperature of the fuel cell vehicle, the time for measuring the ambient temperature and the initial stack-out temperature of the cooling liquid;
and when the environment temperature is within the environment temperature threshold range, the time is not less than the set time, and the initial reactor discharge temperature is within the calibration threshold range, acquiring the cold start information.
8. A cold start device of a fuel cell vehicle, comprising:
the entering module is used for entering cold start operation according to the acquired cold start information of the fuel cell automobile;
the obtaining module is used for obtaining the stack outlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameter of the electric stack in the cold start operation process; wherein the fuel cell system includes the coolant and the stack;
and the determining module is used for determining that the cold start operation is successfully started if the stack outlet temperature is not less than the stack outlet temperature threshold and the electric stack single-chip voltage parameter meets the set voltage condition.
9. An electric vehicle comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor, when executing the program, carries out the method steps of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. An electric vehicle readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method steps according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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