CN113742938A - Power grid, power grid system and equivalence method and model optimization method thereof - Google Patents

Power grid, power grid system and equivalence method and model optimization method thereof Download PDF

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CN113742938A
CN113742938A CN202111075430.6A CN202111075430A CN113742938A CN 113742938 A CN113742938 A CN 113742938A CN 202111075430 A CN202111075430 A CN 202111075430A CN 113742938 A CN113742938 A CN 113742938A
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converters
equivalence
converter
buses
power grid
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沈超
帅智康
顾伟
柳伟
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Southeast University
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Abstract

The disclosure relates to the field of electric power, and discloses a power grid, a power grid system, an equivalence method and a model optimization method thereof, wherein the equivalence is carried out on converters in the system, and the converters after equivalence are obtained; when the number of buses in the system is equal to the number of the converters after the bus number is equal, all the converters on the connected buses are homodyne converters; when the number of buses in the system is larger than the number of converters after equivalence, making k equal to the number of buses in the system-the number of converters after equivalence, respectively comparing impedance voltage drop ratios between converters after equivalence between any buses, wherein a coherent converter is arranged between converters after equivalence corresponding to the smallest k impedance voltage drop ratios, and all converters on buses to which two converters after equivalence are connected are coherent converters; therefore, the simulation time consumption can be effectively reduced, the equivalent model precision is improved, and a feasible technical scheme is provided for realizing equivalent order reduction of the phase-locked synchronous converter.

Description

Power grid, power grid system and equivalence method and model optimization method thereof
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of electric power, in particular to a power grid, a power grid system, an equivalence method and a model optimization method thereof.
Background
With the aggravation of energy shortage and environmental pollution problems, new energy power generation units represented by wind power and photovoltaic are connected to a power grid in a high proportion. The voltage source type converter is a core part of a new energy power generation unit and is usually synchronized with a power grid through a phase-locked loop. In a weak power grid, a phase-locked loop using access point voltage as an input quantity has weak disturbance resistance, so that the problem of transient synchronization instability is easily caused, and serious threat is brought to safe and stable operation of the power grid. When multiple converters are operated in parallel, the transient response characteristics are more complex, and transient simulation research of the multiple converters needs to be carried out.
However, the pulse width modulation-based converter is often high in switching frequency, and the converter realizes reliable electric energy conversion through a plurality of control loops, so that the multi-converter power grid system model is high in order and wide in response time scale, large calculation burden is caused to simulation software, and the problem of long simulation time consumption exists.
Disclosure of Invention
On the first hand, the equivalent method of the power grid system is provided, and the simulation efficiency of the multi-converter power grid system model is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose of the disclosure, the technical scheme adopted by the disclosure is as follows:
the equivalence method of the power grid system is used for equating a converter in the system to obtain an equivalent converter;
when the number of buses in the system is equal to the number of the converters after the bus number is equal, all the converters on the connected buses are homodyne converters;
when the number of buses in the system is larger than the number of the converters after equivalence, k is made to be the number of the buses in the system-the number of the converters after equivalence, impedance voltage drop ratios are respectively compared among the converters after equivalence among any buses, a coherent converter is arranged among the converters after equivalence corresponding to the minimum k impedance voltage drop ratios, and all the converters on the buses to which the two converters after equivalence are connected are coherent converters.
In some disclosures, a converter-based multi-converter power grid system model is established, and impedance voltage drops of converters in the system are obtained according to the established multi-converter power grid system model.
In some disclosures, the transformers in the system are equated using a homodyne equivalence method.
In a second aspect, the disclosure provides a power grid system model optimization method, which improves the simulation efficiency of a multi-converter power grid system model.
A power grid system model optimization method comprises the equivalence method of the first aspect.
In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a power grid system, which improves simulation efficiency of a multi-converter power grid system model.
The power grid system comprises a processing module, wherein the processing module is used for equating the converter in the system to obtain an equivalent converter;
when the number of buses in the system is equal to the number of the converters after the bus number is equal, all the converters on the connected buses are homodyne converters;
when the number of buses in the system is larger than the number of the converters after equivalence, k is made to be the number of the buses in the system-the number of the converters after equivalence, impedance voltage drop ratios are respectively compared among the converters after equivalence among any buses, a coherent converter is arranged among the converters after equivalence corresponding to the minimum k impedance voltage drop ratios, and all the converters on the buses to which the two converters after equivalence are connected are coherent converters.
In some disclosures, a multi-converter power grid system model module is included that builds a converter-based multi-converter power grid system model from which impedance voltage drops of converters in the system are obtained.
In some disclosures, an optimization module is included that equates transformers in a system using a homodyne equivalence method.
In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a power grid, and the simulation efficiency of a multi-converter power grid system model is improved.
The power grid comprises a storage medium, wherein a program is stored in the storage medium, and when the program is executed, the equivalence method of the first aspect or the power grid system model optimization method of the second aspect is realized;
or, a power grid comprising a system module comprising the power grid system of the third aspect.
The beneficial effect of this disclosure:
the method and the device improve the simulation efficiency of the multi-converter power grid system model.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a control implementation diagram of a phase-locked synchronous converter;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a multi-converter system topology;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an intercoupling model for a multi-converter system;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a transient equivalent swing model of a multi-converter system;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the steps performed by the disclosed method;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of the simulation of the same-value model and the original model based on the impedance voltage drop.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments. It should be understood that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes or modifications can be made to the disclosure by those skilled in the art after reading the description of the disclosure, and such equivalents also fall within the scope of the disclosure.
For ease of understanding, the present disclosure sets forth the following conventional power system to illustrate the concepts of the present disclosure, and the power system involves a converter hardware configuration and control configuration as shown in fig. 1. The hardware structure of the converter comprises a direct current micro source and a DC/AC converter for converting electric energy. The direct current micro source includes, but is not limited to, a direct current type power source such as an energy storage battery and a photovoltaic panel. The direct current input is converted into alternating current through a DC/AC converter and is connected into a common bus. The output end of the DC/AC converter is connected with an LC filter inductance capacitor; the power system control structure mainly comprises a phase-locked loop synchronization module, a current control module and a pulse width modulation/driving module. Acquiring port voltage of a current transformer and inputting the port voltage into a phase-locked loop synchronization module to obtain a control phase angle; the current control module controls the output current amplitude of the converter, and the no-difference tracking is realized through a given current reference value through a PI control loop; the pulse width modulation and/or driving module generates a modulation signal to drive switching devices such as IGBTs.
Step 1: the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining the number of multi-converter systems, the topological structure and system parameters, and establishing a multi-converter power grid system model. The single converter control architecture is shown in fig. 1, and the multi-converter system topology is shown in fig. 2. Before a multi-converter power grid system model is established, considering that the transient response of a converter is mainly determined by the dynamic state of a phase-locked loop, a current control loop can quickly reach a stable state, namely the output current I of the converterdqEqual to the converter reference current value Idqref. At this time, the phase-locked synchronous converter i multi-converter power grid system model is established as follows:
Figure BDA0003262106220000031
wherein Z issi＝Zti+Zi+Zg＝Zsi∠θsiIs the total equivalent impedance, U, between converter i and the gridtiIs the terminal voltage of converter i. Phi represents the current transformer set of the same bus, omega represents all current transformer sets except the bus, UgIs a grid voltage vector, I is a converter output current vector, ZgFor grid-connected impedance, ZtiIs the line impedance between the converter and the bus, ZiIs the line impedance between the different bus bars to the common bus bar.
And transforming the above formula to a coordinate system of a phase-locked loop i to obtain:
Figure BDA0003262106220000032
wherein, UtqiIs UtiQ-axis component of (a) (-)si、θtiAnd thetazgAre each Zsi、(Zi+Zg) And ZgAngle of impedance of (I)iAnd
Figure BDA0003262106220000033
and outputting a current amplitude value and an output current phase angle for the current transformer i. Deltaji＝θpllj-θplliFor the phase angle difference, delta, of phase-locked loop i and phase-locked loop j on the same buski＝θpllk-θplliFor the phase angle difference, delta, of phase-locked loop k and phase-locked loop j on different busesi＝θplli-θgThe phase angle difference between the phase-locked loop i and the grid voltage is defined as the synchronous angle between the converter i and the grid (hereinafter referred to as synchronous angle). The first three terms in the formula (2) are respectively marked as Uzqii,UzqjiAnd Uzqki。
The phase-locked loop motion equation is:
θplli＝∫(ωn+KpiUtqi+Kii∫Utqidt)dt (3)
wherein, Kpi、KiiAre respectively PLLiProportional and integral coefficients of (a) ("omeganAt rated angular velocity, thetaplliIs the phase-locked loop phase angle of the i-converter.
Equations (2) and (3) form a transient model of the multi-converter system, as shown in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 3, in the multi-converter system, the input amount of the phase-locked loop includes impedance voltage drop terms generated by the current converters themselves, the other current converters on the same bus, and the current converters on different buses, which correspond to U, respectivelyzqii,UzqjiAnd Uzqki. Wherein, UzqjiAnd UzqkiMainly related to the phase angle difference of the output current phasors between the converters, i.e. to the phase angle of the current injected by the converter during a fault
Figure BDA0003262106220000041
Synchronous angle phase angle difference delta between convertersji、δkiIt is related.
It is worth mentioning that the converter can also have different model forms, such as a switch model and an average model. The switch model keeps the switch dynamics of the converter and is described by a discrete equation, and the model order is higher; the average model ignores the switching dynamics of the converter and is described by a differential algebraic equation, and the order is low. The method is suitable for a switching model and an average model of the converter, and the converter is used as a basic unit for aggregation equivalence.
Step 2: according to the multi-converter power grid system model established in the step 1, the coherence characteristic of the converter is mainly determined by impedance voltage drop generated by current injection of the converter, so that the impedance voltage drop of the converter is used as a measurement index for distinguishing the difference of the converter in the present disclosure. Respectively obtaining the ratio of the impedance voltage drop between any two current transformers as deltaij
Figure BDA0003262106220000042
According to the characteristic, the impedance voltage drop ratio delta between any two converters in the multi-converter system can be respectively obtainedijAs shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 results of coherent identification calculations
Figure BDA0003262106220000043
Figure BDA0003262106220000051
And step 3: and (4) carrying out a homodyne equivalence criterion according to the impedance voltage drop ratio between any two converters obtained in the step (2). The specific process is as follows: the number of buses in the system is n, the number of the converters after the system is equivalent is required to be m, and n is larger than or equal to m. When n is m, as shown in formula (3),the current transformers on the same bus are homodyne current transformers, and the current transformers on different buses are not homodyne current transformers. When n is>When m is m, k is n-m. Respectively comparing the impedance voltage drop ratio delta of the current transformer on any bus d with the current transformer on the bus eijSelecting the smallest k deltas in the impedance-to-voltage drop ratioijThe value of (c). At this time, the minimum k δijThe corresponding current transformer i and the current transformer j are homodyne current transformers, and all the current transformers on the buses connected with the two current transformers are homodyne current transformers. For example, if the converter i belongs to the bus d and the converter j belongs to the bus e, the converters in the bus d and the bus e are coherent converters. Otherwise, the current transformer is not a coherent current transformer.
In the present example, the number of the buses is 3, and the number of the converters after equivalence is 2, 3>2. The bus 1 is provided with current transformers 1, 2 and 3; a current transformer 4 and a current transformer 5 are arranged on the bus 2; the bus 3 is provided with a current transformer 6 and a current transformer 7. Delta between current transformer 1-3 and current transformer 4-5ijA minimum value of 1.35; delta between current transformer 1-3 and current transformer 6-7ijA minimum value of 1.52; delta between current transformer 4-5 and current transformer 6-7ijThe minimum value is 1.1. 1.1 is the minimum value, namely the current transformer 4-5 and the current transformer 6-7 are coherent current transformers, and the current transformer 1-3 is a coherent current transformer.
It is worth to be noted that the homodyne equivalence is a dynamic equivalence method, and is an equivalence method for keeping the power angle dynamics of the converter as much as possible. The method has similarities with other methods in dynamic equivalence, but also has differences. The core difference is that the homodyne equivalence method can consider the power angle characteristic to the maximum extent, so that the homodyne equivalence method is used as a homodyne criterion for the converter.
And 4, step 4: and (4) according to the result of the homodyne judgment in the step (3), performing circuit equivalence and control parameter equivalence on the homodyne converter. Substituting the formula (2) into the formula (3) and rewriting the formula into a form of a synchronous generator swing equation to obtain a multi-converter system motion equation as follows:
Figure BDA0003262106220000052
wherein
Figure BDA0003262106220000053
Wherein M isiIs an equivalent inertia constant, Dki、DgiDifference in angular velocity Δ ω between each and the current transformerkiAngular speed difference delta omega between converter and power gridiIn this regard, it may be equivalent to a damping coefficient. n is the number of converters with the same bus, L∑iIs the total equivalent inductance between the converter i and the grid. U shapetqiThe unbalanced active power equivalent to the synchronous generator is the unbalanced voltage input quantity of the phase-locked loop, and is the essential reason for transient synchronous instability of the phase-locked loop. A block diagram of the equivalent swing equation for a multi-converter system is shown in fig. 4.
After the coherent converter is identified, the polymerization order reduction process should ensure that before and after polymerization: 1) the output power is unchanged; 2) the rocking curve is approximated. Therefore, the aggregation calculation includes two parts, circuit parameter aggregation and control parameter aggregation, which are described in detail below:
(1) circuit parameter aggregation
Equivalent impedance Z between current transformer and bustiAnd equivalent impedance Z between bus and PCC pointiIn the pressure drop expression, so Z is used hereinafterriTo represent ZtiOr ZiThen Z isriThe amplitude of the voltage drop is Delta Uri＝IiZri(i＝1,2,…,ni) The average impedance drop amplitude is:
Figure BDA0003262106220000061
wherein c isiThe weight coefficient of the converter i is equal to the ratio of the capacity of the converter i to the total capacity of the coherent group.
In the same way, the equivalent impedance Z between the equivalent current transformer and the busteqOr equivalent impedance Z 'between equivalent rear bus and PCC point'eqBy ZreqIs shown as ZreqThe magnitude of the upper pressure drop is:
ΔUeq＝IeqZreq (8)
in order to ensure that the output power is not changed before and after polymerization, the vertical type (7) and the vertical type (8) are combined with Ieq＝∑Ii＝∑ciAnd the equivalent line impedance can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003262106220000062
(2) controlling parameter aggregation
Taking the weighted average of the converter swing equation, namely the equation (5), obtains:
Figure BDA0003262106220000063
to reflect the collective motion of coherent converter clusters, the centroid concept is used to define the synchronization angle and angular velocity difference of equivalent converters by using the center of inertia (COI), as follows:
Figure BDA0003262106220000064
Figure BDA0003262106220000065
therefore, formula (10) can be rewritten as:
Figure BDA0003262106220000071
and the equivalent converter swing equation should be as follows:
Figure BDA0003262106220000072
only the equivalent phase-locked loop PI parameter K needs to be solvedpeq、KieqThus, the first and third terms of the above formula are utilizedThe numbers are equal, and in combination with formula (6):
Figure BDA0003262106220000073
fig. 6 is a comparison graph of power angle curve simulation results before and after equivalence of the multi-converter system when the grid voltage drops to 30% in 1s and the fault is removed in 1.1s according to the embodiment. The observation of the figure shows that the homodyne characteristics of the two equivalent converter models are consistent with those of the original seven converter model, and the result verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the homodyne equivalence method based on the impedance voltage drop.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. The equivalence method of the power grid system comprises a plurality of converters and is characterized in that the converters in the system are equivalent to obtain the equivalent converters;
when the number of buses in the system is equal to the number of the converters after the bus number is equal, all the converters on the connected buses are homodyne converters;
when the number of buses in the system is larger than the number of the converters after equivalence, k is made to be the number of the buses in the system-the number of the converters after equivalence, impedance voltage drop ratios are respectively compared among the converters after equivalence among any buses, a coherent converter is arranged among the converters after equivalence corresponding to the minimum k impedance voltage drop ratios, and all the converters on the buses to which the two converters after equivalence are connected are coherent converters.
2. The equivalence method according to claim 1, wherein a converter-based multi-converter power grid system model is established, and impedance voltage drop of converters in the system is obtained according to the established multi-converter power grid system model.
3. The equivalence method according to claim 2, wherein transformers in the system are equalized using a homodyne equivalence method.
4. A method of optimizing a model of a power grid system, comprising the equivalent method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The power grid system is characterized by comprising a processing module, wherein the processing module is used for equating a converter in the system to obtain an equivalent converter;
when the number of buses in the system is equal to the number of the converters after the bus number is equal, all the converters on the connected buses are homodyne converters;
when the number of buses in the system is larger than the number of the converters after equivalence, k is made to be the number of the buses in the system-the number of the converters after equivalence, impedance voltage drop ratios are respectively compared among the converters after equivalence among any buses, a coherent converter is arranged among the converters after equivalence corresponding to the minimum k impedance voltage drop ratios, and all the converters on the buses to which the two converters after equivalence are connected are coherent converters.
6. The grid system according to claim 5, comprising a multi-converter grid system model module, wherein the multi-converter grid system model module establishes a converter-based multi-converter grid system model, and obtains an impedance drop of a converter in the system according to the established multi-converter grid system model.
7. The power grid system of claim 6, comprising an optimization module that equates converters in the system using a homodyne equivalence method.
8. An electrical grid comprising a storage medium storing a program that, when executed, performs a method of implementing the equivalence method of any of claims 1-3 or the method of optimizing a model of an electrical grid system of claim 4.
9. An electrical grid, characterized in that it comprises a system module comprising an electrical grid system according to any of claims 5-7.
CN202111075430.6A 2021-09-14 2021-09-14 Power grid, power grid system and equivalence method and model optimization method thereof Pending CN113742938A (en)

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CN112464604A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-03-09 通号（长沙）轨道交通控制技术有限公司 Efficient simulation method for multi-converter centralized grid-connected system

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