CN101938217A - Adaptive pulse width modulation solution of wind driven generator converter - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pulse width modulation solution which is applied to the filed of wind driven generator converters. The optimal pulse width modulation waveform mode is dynamically and adaptively selected according to the system characteristics of a wind driven generator converter, the real-time operating conditions in wind driven generator application and the requirement priority of the system, and thus, the optimal output characteristics of the converter is achieved. The invention solves the problem that the wind driven generator converter in a single pulse width modulation mode can not operate in the optimal state. A core module of the solution is a pulse width modulation mode performance calculation module 11, and the module 11 gives the comprehensive performance values of different modulation modes in the current system and under the current operating conditions according to different system parameters, real-time measurement variables and system requirements; then, a mode selection module selects the modulation mode with the highest comprehensive performance value; and finally, a waveform generating module outputs waveform.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of solution of novel power electronics pulse-width modulation, be applied to the current transformer of wind-driven generator, to be implemented under the various complex conditions, current transformer can both be operated in optimum state.
Background technology:
The wind-driven generator current transformer of high-power electric and electronic is the pith of modern wind generator.The cost of current transformer accounts for 15% of whole wind group of motors cost.The reliability of current transformer is the important step that ensures the blower fan reliability service, and its performance height also is to determine one of key factor that can blower fan surf the Net simultaneously.
Pulse-width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation) technology is the core technology of wind-driven generator current transformer, its role is to direct voltage (Vdc) but the alternating current effect of copped wave pulse shaping variable ratio frequency changer transformation.
Pulse modulation technology in the application of wind-driven generator current transformer as shown in Figure 2.Whole current transformer (2) is made up of motor side full-bridge circuit (3) and network terminal full-bridge circuit (5).Each bridge-type electric current is made up of the electronic power switch module 10 that six of three-phases make insulated gate binodal transistor npn npn (IGBT) add fly-wheel diode (Diode), and these two full-bridge circuits and direct voltage 4 have been finished the variation of an AC-DC-exchange jointly.The effect of pulse-width modulation waveform generator 6,7 be to produce can equivalent AC wave shape pulse switch, these pulse switches control in each bridge circuit the electronic power switch conducting and by, to reach the effect of friendship-straight conversion.In the common application of current transformer, the voltage of direct voltage almost is constant.Under such condition, the pulse-width modulation waveform final decision size of output waveform of motor side and electrical network section current transformer, frequency, a series of characteristics such as quality and dynamic characteristic.Pulse-width modulation waveform is for the influence that the switching loss of current transformer and efficient is all had to a certain degree.
The waveform of single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage can equivalence be following relation:
The line voltage effective value is:
Above-mentioned formula as seen, at the fixing situation modulated factor m of direct voltage
aDetermined the effective value of alternating voltage, the frequency of alternating voltage is by the ω decision of modulation waveform.
Popular in the world and modulator approach that be widely used mainly contains following four kinds at present:
1: triple-frequency harmonics injection pulse-width modulation method (Third Harmonics Injection Pulse Width Modulation, H3PWM).
2: discontinuous pulse-width modulation method (Generalized Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation, GDPWM).
3: loss balancing pulse-width modulation method (Loss sharing Pulse Width Modulation, LSPWM).
4: selection harmonic wave elimination pulse-width modulation method (Selective Harmonics Elimination Pulse Width Modulation, SHEPWM).
The method for generation difference of each pulse-width modulation waveform, its waveform, characteristic and also different under different frequency and different modulation factor to the influence of wind-driven generator current transformer.Concrete Waveform generation method and characteristic thereof have detailed description in Fig. 1.The characteristic of each pulse-width modulation waveform is summed up and is seen Table 1.
Table 1: distinct pulse widths modulating mode characteristic relatively
Different PWM mode efficient to the wind-driven generator current transformer under different operating modes has different influences with performance.Wind-powered electricity generation frequency converter manufacturer selects only pattern according to application type, designing requirement and customer demand in 4 kinds of above PWM mode at present, and in using between the total life cycle of blower fan as unique PWM mode.Yet because the polytropy and the unpredictability of wind energy resources add the change of wind speed and electrical network condition, the operating mode of wind-driven generator is very complicated and changeable.Therefore, single PWM mode is not operating in optimum operating state under a lot of conditions in the process of fan operation, has influenced the efficient of blower fan, maximum output and to the output waveform quality of electrical network.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: a kind of pulse-width modulation solution of self adaptation realization is provided, under single PWM mode, can't have reached the problem of optimum operating state in order to solution wind-driven generator current transformer in the process of fan operation.The present invention can change PWM mode according to system requirements and system running state real-time dynamicly, to reach current transformer optimal working state.
For achieving the above object, design of the present invention is:
The present invention judges the usefulness of assessment PWM mode according to different working condition dynamic real-time ground, weighting provides the combination property factor of distinct pulse widths modulating mode, and relatively the combination property factor is selected optimum PWM mode and pulse-width modulation waveform is taken place then.
According to the foregoing invention design, technical scheme of the present invention is made up of following four processes:
First link of the present invention is the real-time judge working condition.Working condition comprises the content of several respects, the one, and the output characteristic that motor side or network terminal controller provide mainly is output frequency, output voltage amplitude and phase place.The 2nd, the requirement of electrical system itself, by the system power characterisitic parameter, waveform output characteristic parameter and system running state are formed.
Second link of the present invention is to judge different PWM mode to the current transformer Effect on Performance according to work information that coupling system requires to provide modulating mode combination property factor.The figure of merit of modulating mode is mainly determined by four aspects: current transformer power-performance, waveform quality, maximum voltage output and system's control dynamic speed.Different current transformer electrical systems has different requirements for the requirement of this four aspect.
The current transformer power-performance: the current transformer power-performance depends on the power output requirement that controller of fan provides.Lower when power output requirement, converter system is lower for the power out-put characteristic requirement of PWM mode, and therefore the weight in comprehensive PWM mode characterization factor of current transformer power characteristic can reduce when selecting pulse-width modulation waveform.The output of the power of reciprocal system require near or reach the rated power of current transformer, the weight of current transformer power-performance in the PWM mode figure of merit will increase considerably, and the higher discontinuous pulse-width modulation method (GDPWM) of current transformer efficient will become the preferential selection of system.
The output waveform quality: the output waveform quality is relevant with Design of Filter and power grid quality.If the Design of Filter allowance of system is bigger, perhaps the power grid quality that is positioned of system is higher, and current transformer waveform quality performance will be on the low side at the weight ratio of combination property factor, and representative system can be relaxed the requirement of output waveform quality.When situation was opposite, the weight of output waveform quality in the combination property factor can increase, and system can the better PWM mode of preferential waveform quality.
The dynamic speed of system's control: blower fan kind and running status decision that the weight of dynamic speed in the modulating mode figure of merit of system's control mainly is applied to by current transformer, different wind-driven generator desired control speed have bigger difference.Network terminal also has special requirement during for dynamic characteristic in the electric network fault crossing process.
Maximum voltage output: the maximum voltage output performance only depends under current pulse-width modulation model, whether current transformer can meet the requirements of maximum voltage.The maximum voltage output performance requires relevant with controller output.
Meeting of the present invention finally provides comprehensive modulating mode figure of merit according to the performance and the weight ratio of above three aspects.
The selected the highest a kind of modulating mode of combination property factor of comprehensive modulating mode figure of merit that the 3rd link of the present invention provides according to second link.When exceptional value appearred in modulating mode combination property factor, the present invention was with the output information that reports an error.
Four processes of the present invention produces pulse-width modulation waveform according to selected modulating mode.The present invention keeps a predefined acquiescence modulating mode, and this pattern can reach the acceptable performance usually under various working conditions.If system is subjected to the information of reporting an error, the present invention will finally export the acquiescence modulating mode.
The present invention compares in prior art, has following conspicuous outstanding substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage:
Take all factors into consideration the wind electric converter system and use operating mode, make full use of the usefulness of multiple PWM mode under different operating modes, increased the effective operating voltage and the frequency range of current transformer.
When satisfying system's rated power, can improve waveform quality to reduce the system cost of current transformer filtering link.
Adaptive algorithm is selected flexibly multiple PWM mode, has improved current transformer under the bad working environments situation or electric network fault ride-through capability constantly.
When meeting electrical network access harmonic standard, the PWM mode of adaptively selected optimum is to reduce the switching loss of converter system, improve the efficient of converter system, reduced the working temperature of device, positive influence is arranged for life-span of power electronic device.
The PWM mode selective system of dynamic flexible has reduced the unmatched possibility of fixed pulse width modulation system and system requirements, has shortened the time of field adjustable simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the waveform schematic diagram of distinct pulse widths modulation pattern.
Fig. 2 is a wind-driven generator converter module pie graph.
Fig. 3 is module realization figure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a PWM mode performance calculating module signal flow graph.
Fig. 5 is that power electronic device is cut warm schematic diagram calculation.
Fig. 6 is an electrical system harmonic-model exemplary plot.
Fig. 7 is that power-performance calculates and harmonic performance calculated curve figure.
1. generators among the figure, 2. wind-driven generator current transformer, 3. motor side IGBT bridge circuit, 4. direct voltage, 5. network terminal IGBT bridge circuit,
6. motor side pwm generator, 7. network terminal pwm generator, 8. sinusoidal filter, 9. network terminal transformer, 10. operating mode judge module, 11. PWM mode performances are estimated module, 12. selection module, 13. module modulation waveform generation module, 14. engine controllers, 15. electrical network side controllers, 16. power-performance computing module, 17. the harmonic performance settlement module, 18. voltage output characteristics modules, 19. dynamic characteristic computing modules.
Embodiment
Details are as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for the preferred embodiments of the present invention:
The self adaptation pulse-width modulation solution of this wind electric converter comprises a working condition judge module (10), is used for judging in real time the current transformer working condition; A PWM mode performance estimation module (11) is used for that weighting provides pulse-width modulation combination property factor according to operating mode; Select module (12) for one, be used for selected in real time optimum pulse width modulation pattern; And a pulse-width modulation waveform generation module (13), be used to realize producing selected pulse-width modulation waveform;
The self adaptation pulse-width modulation solution of above-mentioned wind electric converter, working condition judge module (10) respectively with wind electric converter in engine controller (14) and network controls device (15) communication, provide the output characteristic of motor side or network terminal controller, comprise output frequency, output voltage amplitude and phase place.The working condition judge module extracts the system parameters of input in advance simultaneously, comprises the system power characterisitic parameter, waveform output characteristic parameter and system running state.
The self adaptation pulse-width modulation solution of above-mentioned wind electric converter, PWM mode performance estimation module (11) draw current transformer power-performance, waveform quality, maximum voltage output and system's control dynamic speed of each PWM mode according to the working condition weighted calculation.Obtain real number between four 0 to 1 to quantize the performance number that PWM mode was reached under current system requirements current working condition.Four performance numbers multiply each other and obtain the pulse-width modulation combination property factor of each PWM mode the most at last.
The self adaptation pulse-width modulation solution of above-mentioned wind electric converter selects the selected the highest a kind of PWM mode of pulse-width modulation combination property factor of module (12) to export to pulse-width modulation waveform generation link.If final selected modulating mode combination property factor smaller or equal to zero or greater than 1, selects module (12) with the output information that reports an error.
The self adaptation pulse-width modulation solution of above-mentioned wind electric converter, pulse-width modulation waveform generation module adopts triangular wave genetic method commonly used that selected pulse-width modulation waveform takes place, if receive the information of reporting an error, predefined default pulse-width modulation waveform will be selected to produce by system.
The principle of self adaptation pulse-width modulation (generator) solution of this wind-driven generator current transformer is summarized as follows:
Working condition information two parts variable that working condition judge module (10) extracts is formed, and first is that the controller output variable comprises current transformer output frequency, output amplitude and output phase.Current transformer output frequency and modulation factor are provided by inverter controller respectively, and second portion mainly is that system parameters comprises system switching frequency, system power parameter and system harmonics parameter.The system power parameter has comprised the call parameter that system power calculates: IGBT thermal resistance and time constant (R
Th_hscs, τ
Hscs, R
Th_csjn, τ
Csjn), fin thermal resistance and time constant (R
Th_flhs, τ
Flhs) and the cooling fluid temperature T
Fluid, these parameters can be provided or be set at system design stage usually by device and fin supplier.The system harmonics parameter comprises the call parameter that system harmonics calculates: electrical network equiva lent impedance scope and transformer equiva lent impedance scope.This a series of parameter will be used for the PWM mode performance calculating module of next module.Third part mainly is system's operation information, comprises the maximum voltage output of system's needs, and desired dynamic characteristic of system and low-voltage are passed through state.
PWM mode performance calculating module (11) is a nucleus module of the present invention, this module is carried out calculating on the combination property according to the operating mode situation to different PWM mode, provide comprehensive modulating performance factor, purpose is to select the modulating mode at existing industrial and mineral optimum in the distinct pulse widths modulating mode.Performance is calculated and comprised four parts: power-performance calculates, harmonic performance calculates, the voltage output performance calculates and dynamic characteristic is calculated.The flow chart of whole module as shown in Figure 4.
Power-performance calculates (16): current transformer power mainly cuts temperature by the power electronics on the current transformer and determine, and under having operating mode now the power electronic device on the current transformer of mainly being presented as of power-performance calculating is cut peak in the temperature and the safe difference η between the power electronics safe operation maximum temperature.
η＝T
j_max-T
j_act
T
J_maxCurrent transformer power electronic device (IGBT+Diode) can trouble free service maximum cut temperature, be generally 125 ℃, T
J_actBe that the work of power electronics under existing loading condition cuts temperature.Power electronic device is cut temperature estimation cardinal principle as shown in Figure 5:
T
j_act＝T
fluid+ΔT
fl_hs+ΔT
hs_case+ΔT
case_junction
And τ
CsjnBe device parameters, mainly by the device property decision, this parameter is provided by module 10.
Device loss P
LossTo use curve-fitting method, at first will utilize the device loss model will during loss fit to the function of a plurality of variablees, search in curve such as the electric current that measures according to module at that time, voltage, switching frequency, power factor obtains then.
The weighting proportion of power-performance characteristic is relevant by the power output that requires under the current transformer current working.The power-performance characteristic requires η at least greater than 15 ℃ of safe operations with the assurance device.Power-performance characteristic γ
RatingWith η as shown in Figure 7, as η during greater than 35 ℃, current transformer does not almost require for power-performance, the device lifetime of current transformer is temperature influence hardly, so γ
RatingRemain on 1.0.When 25 ℃＜η≤35 ℃, current transformer begins that for power-performance certain requirement is arranged, and the life-span of power electronic device is along with increase in temperature slowly reduces, so γ
RatingBeginning slowly descends.In the time of 15 ℃＜η≤25 ℃, the device lifetime of current transformer is very responsive to temperature, so γ
RatingBegin to be dropped rapidly to 0.As η during less than 15 ℃, device can't guarantee safe operation, at any time might fault, so property retention is 0.Concrete curve is seen Fig. 7.
Harmonic performance calculates (17): whether harmonic performance calculates the main output waveform capability and performance that calculates current transformer electrical network end can meet local power grid quality standard.Harmonic performance calculates based on two parts, and first is the electrical system harmonic-model, the output of second portion pulse-width modulation harmonic wave.The electrical system harmonic-model uses modal analysis, and harmonic-model structure example is seen Fig. 6.Current transformer outputs to and inserts the harmonic wave ratio of gains of electrical network contact (PCC) on different frequency in the harmonic-model calculating existing system.Model Calculation can realize in industrial computer, also can externally realize, imports industrial computer or DSP with the mode of tabling look-up then.The pulse-width modulation output of second portion will be exported the harmonic component of current transformer output waveform on different frequency that the distinct pulse widths modulating mode provides under the most conservative situation.Two parts multiply each other and can obtain last current transformer harmonic component at access electrical network contact under the different modulating pattern.Last harmonic performance characteristic γ
HarBy the safe difference decision between harmonic component under the worst case and the electrical network standard code harmonic component.
According to γ among Fig. 7
HarWeighting relation with ρ can draw harmonic performance γ
Har
The voltage output performance calculates (18): voltage output characteristics is by the demand decision of maximum voltage.0.612V is multiply by in the maximum output of each PWM mode
DcDraw the output maximum voltage of each modulating mode.When the maximum output voltage of certain modulating mode reached maximum voltage requirement, the voltage output performance was γ
Volt Be 1, on the contrary γ then
VoltBe 0.
Dynamic characteristic is calculated (19): the dynamic characteristic of different modulating pattern does not change with a series of situations such as voltage output characteristics and system loads, because of its calculating simple relatively, system defines its dynamic characteristic parameter according to modulating mode control implementation method, and the demand weighting according to electrical network end and motor side provides dynamic characteristic γ in addition
DmcsGet final product.
The final step of module 11 is the combination property factor γ that draw the distinct pulse widths modulating mode.
γ＝γ
rating·γ
har·γ
volt·γ
dmcs
Select module (12) will in all PWM mode, select the highest modulating mode of combination property factor γ.If selected PWM mode combination property factor γ is greater than 1 or smaller or equal to 0, then mistake in computation appears in representative system, perhaps can satisfy the systematic function basic demand without any a kind of modulating mode, selects module (12) with the output information that reports an error.
Pulse-width modulation waveform generation module (13) will produce last waveform output according to selected modulating mode.If logic error or mistake in computation appear in system, module (13) will be received the information that reports an error that module (12) provides, and module (13) will be exported selected default modulating mode.General triangular wave genetic method is adopted in waveform output, adds the follow-up Dead Time and the signal processing of minimum pulse, in order to drive current transformer gate pole circuit.
Reference documents:
[1]A.M.Hava，R.J.Kerkman，T.A.Lipo，“Simple?analytical?and?graphical?methods?for?carrier-basedPWM-VSI?drives”.Power?Electronics，IEEE?Transactions，1999.
Claims (5)
1. the solution of the self adaptation pwm generator of a wind electric converter is characterized in that:
Working condition judge module (10) is used for judging in real time the current transformer working condition; PWM mode performance estimation module (11) is used for that weighting provides pulse-width modulation combination property factor according to operating mode; Select link (12), be used for selected in real time optimum pulse width modulation pattern; Pulse-width modulation waveform generation module is used to realize producing selected pulse-width modulation waveform.
2. according to the solution of the self adaptation pwm generator of the described wind electric converter of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Working condition judge module (10) respectively with wind electric converter in engine controller (14) and network controls device (15) communication, provide the output characteristic of motor side or network terminal controller, mainly be output frequency, output voltage amplitude and phase place, the working condition judge module extracts the system parameters of input in advance simultaneously, comprise the system power characterisitic parameter, waveform output characteristic parameter and system running state.
3. according to the solution of the self adaptation pwm generator of the described wind electric converter of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
PWM mode performance estimation module (11) draws current transformer power-performance, waveform quality, maximum voltage output and system's control dynamic speed of each PWM mode according to the working condition weighted calculation, obtain real number between four 0 to 1 to quantize the performance number that PWM mode was reached under current system requirements current working condition, four performance numbers multiply each other and obtain the pulse-width modulation combination property factor of each PWM mode the most at last.
4. according to the solution of the self adaptation pwm generator of the described wind electric converter of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Select the selected the highest a kind of PWM mode of pulse-width modulation combination property factor of module (12) to export to pulse-width modulation waveform generation link, if final selected modulating mode combination property factor smaller or equal to zero or greater than 1, selects module (12) with the output information that reports an error.
5. according to the solution of the self adaptation pwm generator of the described wind electric converter of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Pulse-width modulation waveform generation module adopts triangular wave genetic method commonly used that selected pulse-width modulation waveform takes place, if receive the information of reporting an error, predefined default pulse-width modulation waveform will be selected to produce by system.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104167939A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-11-26 | 北京天诚同创电气有限公司 | Method and device for modulating current transformer |
| CN108123618A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of pulse-width modulation method, variable duration impulse system and controller |
| CN105790621B (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2018-09-18 | 南昌工程学院 | A kind of cascade connection multi-level current transformer SVM modulation strategy appraisal procedures |
| CN113742938A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-03 | 东南大学 | Power grid, power grid system and equivalence method and model optimization method thereof |
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| CN2153903Y (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1994-01-19 | 福州大学 | Current supply inverter optimal pulsewidth modulation signal generator for transistor |
| CN101640489A (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-02-03 | 上海斯堪亚电气调速设备有限公司 | PWM rectification type energy feedback device |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2153903Y (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1994-01-19 | 福州大学 | Current supply inverter optimal pulsewidth modulation signal generator for transistor |
| CN101640489A (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-02-03 | 上海斯堪亚电气调速设备有限公司 | PWM rectification type energy feedback device |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104167939A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-11-26 | 北京天诚同创电气有限公司 | Method and device for modulating current transformer |
| CN104167939B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-07-06 | 北京天诚同创电气有限公司 | Method and device for modulating current transformer |
| CN105790621B (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2018-09-18 | 南昌工程学院 | A kind of cascade connection multi-level current transformer SVM modulation strategy appraisal procedures |
| CN108123618A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of pulse-width modulation method, variable duration impulse system and controller |
| WO2018098974A1 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Pulse width modulation method, pulse width modulation system, and controller |
| CN108123618B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2020-04-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | Pulse width modulation method, pulse width modulation system and controller |
| CN113742938A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-03 | 东南大学 | Power grid, power grid system and equivalence method and model optimization method thereof |
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