CN113740319A - Nondestructive implementation method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection and application thereof - Google Patents

Nondestructive implementation method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113740319A
CN113740319A CN202111038067.0A CN202111038067A CN113740319A CN 113740319 A CN113740319 A CN 113740319A CN 202111038067 A CN202111038067 A CN 202111038067A CN 113740319 A CN113740319 A CN 113740319A
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laser
induced breakdown
nondestructive
breakdown spectroscopy
detection
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CN113740319B (en
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卢国鑫
田野
鲁艳红
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/718Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of material microscopic information monitoring and detection, in particular to a nondestructive implementation method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection and application thereof. The invention provides a nondestructive implementation method for detecting components of a laser-induced breakdown spectrum and application thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection in the existing atmospheric environment generates ablation damage on the surface of a material, and the laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection in the underwater environment reduces the test precision and reliability due to ionization loss of liquid water to laser beam energy and great weakening of liquid water to spectrum signal propagation.

Description

Nondestructive implementation method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material microscopic information monitoring and detection, in particular to a nondestructive implementation method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection and application thereof.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology focuses ultrashort pulse Laser on the surface of a sample to form plasma, and then analyzes the plasma emission spectrum to determine the material composition and content of the sample. The energy density of the ultra-short pulse laser is high after being focused, a sample in any state (solid, liquid and gas) can be excited to form plasma, and the LIBS technology (in principle) can analyze the sample in any state and is only limited by the power of the laser and the sensitivity and wavelength range of a spectrograph & detector.
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy in an atmospheric environment is a lossy means of testing the composition of materials. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology utilizes a spectral signal formed by ablation of the surface of a material to be detected caused by laser pulses to quantitatively represent information such as element types and concentrations on the surface of the material. Since the premise of generating a spectrum signal by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is ablation of a region to be detected on the surface of a material, and ablation adversely affects the surface quality of the material, the technique is essentially a destructive testing method.
Because the laser pulse can form a more obvious plasma impact effect under the action of the constraint materials such as liquid water and the like, and the physical process can enable the surface of the material to be under the action of obvious impact pressure, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection of the underwater environment can generate a strengthening effect on the surface of the material while analyzing components.
However, the inventor finds that the precision and accuracy of spectral analysis are greatly reduced due to the fact that the difficulty of acquiring spectral signals is increased and the like in the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology of the underwater environment, and the application limitation is obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a nondestructive implementation method for detecting components of a laser-induced breakdown spectrum and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection in the existing atmospheric environment generates ablation damage to the surface of a material, and the laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection in the underwater environment reduces the test precision and reliability due to the ionization loss of liquid water to laser beam energy and the great weakening of liquid water to spectrum signal propagation. The invention adopts the pulse laser shock strengthening effect to effectively compensate the damaged result of the laser-induced breakdown spectrum, thereby realizing the nondestructive laser-induced breakdown spectrum component detection.
Specifically, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the present invention, a method for implementing nondestructive testing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy components is provided, which includes:
the first process step: adjusting the thickness of a constraint layer on the surface of the material to be detected;
and a second step: adjusting the relative distance between the focusing position of the laser beam and the surface of the material;
and a third step of: the laser beam focusing position is positioned above the constraint layer on the surface of the material;
step four: and detecting the components of the material to be detected by adopting a laser detection process.
In a second aspect of the invention, the material prepared by the nondestructive implementation method for the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection is provided.
The third aspect of the invention provides application of a nondestructive implementation method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection in the field of material surface component analysis and/or a material testing method.
One or more of the technical schemes have the following beneficial effects:
1) the thickness of a restraint layer which plays a role of restraining the expansion of plasma on the surface of a material to be detected is reasonably adjusted, and the defocusing state of a laser pulse irradiating the surface of the material is set, so that a spectral signal representing chemical element information can be formed on the surface of the material at the same time, and the modification effect of strengthening the mechanical property of a certain layer depth on the surface of the material can be realized.
2) Before the component detection work is carried out, a water restraint layer is coated on the surface of the material, the thickness of the restraint layer is 0.5 mm-1 mm, the restraint layer with the thickness can generate a restraint effect on high-temperature and high-pressure plasmas on the surface of the material, and excessive loss of the restraint layer to laser energy in a light beam transmission process can be avoided.
3) Before the component detection work is carried out, the relative distance between the laser beam focusing position and the material surface is adjusted, so that the laser beam focusing position is positioned above a coated water layer on the material surface, namely the pulse laser beam is in a positive defocusing state relative to the material surface to be detected, and the defocusing amount is larger than the thickness of the water layer. The surface ablation of the material can be reduced in a positive defocusing state, the positive defocusing amount is larger than the thickness of a water layer, the occurrence of a cavitation effect in a water environment can be avoided, and the loss of laser energy in a transmission path is reduced.
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The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection in an atmospheric environment according to experimental example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection in an underwater environment according to experimental example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the material composition testing of "lossless" laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in example 1 of the present invention;
wherein: 1. the device comprises a laser, 2, a reflector, 3, a focusing mirror, 4, a spectrometer, 5, an optical fiber, 6, a receiving head, 7, a material to be detected, 8, a laser beam focusing position, 9, an underwater environment, 10 and a water constraint layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental procedures, in which specific conditions are not noted in the following examples, are generally carried out according to conventional conditions or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturers.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like, as used herein, are intended to refer to particular orientations and relationships thereof, and are used merely to facilitate describing the invention and to simplify the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or components must be constructed and operated in a particular orientation and therefore should not be considered limiting.
In the existing monitoring and detecting method for analyzing the chemical element components of the surface of a material by utilizing the physical principle of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection in the atmospheric environment is liable to generate ablation damage on the surface of the material, and the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection in the underwater environment reduces the testing precision and reliability due to the ionization loss of liquid water on the energy of a laser beam and the great weakening of the liquid water on the propagation of a spectrum signal.
The invention provides a nondestructive implementation method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection and application thereof, and a novel method for carrying out constraint improvement on a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy testing process in an atmospheric environment is adopted, so that laser pulses form a spectral signal on the surface of a material, and simultaneously, strengthening effects such as residual compressive stress distribution and microstructure evolution are introduced. The invention adopts the pulse laser shock strengthening effect to effectively compensate the damaged result of the laser-induced breakdown spectrum, thereby realizing the nondestructive laser-induced breakdown spectrum component detection.
Specifically, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the present invention, a method for implementing nondestructive testing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy components is provided, which includes:
the first process step: adjusting the thickness of a constraint layer on the surface of the material to be detected;
and a second step: adjusting the relative distance between the focusing position of the laser beam and the surface of the material;
and a third step of: the laser beam focusing position is positioned above the constraint layer on the surface of the material;
step four: and detecting the components of the material to be detected by adopting a laser detection process.
The physical method and the principle adopted by the invention are as follows: the thickness of a restraint layer which plays a role of restraining the expansion of plasma on the surface of a material to be detected is reasonably adjusted, and the defocusing state of a laser pulse irradiating the surface of the material is set, so that a spectral signal representing chemical element information can be formed on the surface of the material at the same time, and the modification effect of strengthening the mechanical property of a certain layer depth on the surface of the material can be realized. One or more embodiments of the invention require technicians to coat a constraining layer on the surface of the material before performing component detection work, the constraining layer can generate a constraining effect on high-temperature and high-pressure plasmas on the surface of the material, and excessive loss of laser energy in the process of transmitting a light beam by the constraining layer can be avoided; before the composition detection work is carried out, the relative distance between the laser beam focusing position and the surface of the material is adjusted, so that the laser beam focusing position is positioned above a coated constraint layer on the surface of the material, namely the pulse laser beam is in a positive defocusing state relative to the surface of the material to be detected, and the defocusing amount is larger than the thickness of the constraint layer. Experiments show that the positive defocusing state can reduce the ablation of the surface of the material, the positive defocusing amount is larger than the thickness of the constraint layer, the occurrence of cavitation effect in a water environment can be avoided, and the loss of laser energy in a propagation path is reduced.
In the atmospheric environment detection process, the surface of the material must be directly irradiated by laser, and surface ablation must exist, so that a new method for compensating the damage is necessary. In the laser spectrum component testing process of the laser thermotropic principle, a laser force effect is introduced, and the main aim is to solve the problems of optimization and improvement of a material testing method.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the constraining layer is 0.5 mm-1 mm, and experiments show that the constraining layer with the thickness can generate a constraining effect on high-temperature and high-pressure plasma on the surface of a material and can avoid excessive loss of laser energy in a light beam propagation process by a water layer.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the constraint layer comprises a water layer flowing on the surface of the material to be detected and/or a transparent vessel arranged on the surface of the material to be detected, and the interior of the transparent vessel is filled with deionized water.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the order of the first process and the second process may be adjusted or performed simultaneously.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the method for adjusting the relative distance between the laser beam focusing position and the material surface includes, but is not limited to, adjusting the relative distance between the laser emitting device and the surface of the sample to be detected, or adjusting parameters of an external optical path system to change the laser beam focusing position, so as to meet the requirement of changing the test condition of the laser beam focusing position.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the laser beam is in a positive defocusing state relative to the surface of the material to be detected, and the defocusing amount is greater than the thickness of the constraint layer.
Preferably, the thickness of the constraint layer is 0.7 mm-0.8 mm, and the positive defocusing amount of the laser beam relative to the surface of the material is 0.9 mm. Under the condition of the parameters, the laser detection detects that the ablated area of the processed material is introduced with surface residual compressive stress of-260 MPa. The introduction of the residual compressive stress is an important factor for improving the service performance of the material.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the laser detection process parameters are: the laser pulse wavelength is 1064nm, the energy is 50mJ, and the pulse width is 9 ns.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the constraining layer thickness setting method includes, but is not limited to: and (4) selecting a plastic hose to perform fixed-point spraying on the position to be detected, and adjusting the thickness of the restraint layer.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the material to be detected is selected from metals and/or non-metals.
In some embodiments, the material to be detected is a stainless steel material, and after the component detection result of the material to be detected is obtained, the residual stress detection is performed on the ablation position of the laser detection area. The results show that the material ablated region after the detection treatment by the method of the embodiment of the invention is introduced with the surface residual compressive stress. The introduction of the residual compressive stress is an important factor for improving the service performance of the material.
The main application object of the method of the invention is that the existing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy method can detect the components of the material, but the requirements of higher surface quality and mechanical properties conflict with the surface ablation generated in the detection process, so that the material to be detected which can cause low surface ablation degree and enhance surface mechanical properties needs to be searched urgently. In some more specific embodiments:
1. and constructing the conventional material component detection device of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
This step requires a technician to determine the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection process of the material to be detected and set up a corresponding device.
The default detection device is based on the existing relevant detection work and data, the laser component detection equipment of the material to be detected is provided, but the existing detection means can cause the obvious ablation of the surface of the material. The detection principle of the laser component detection equipment is a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy method, and the determined process parameters of the detection process comprise pulse laser wavelength, energy, pulse width and the like of a transmitted laser pulse signal, and further comprise related instrument setting parameters of a spectrometer for receiving the spectrum signal and the like.
2. And (3) adjusting the linear distance between the laser beam emitting device of the existing device determined in the step (1) and the position to be detected on the surface of the material.
In the step, a technical scheme that the laser beam is in a positive defocusing state relative to the surface of the material to be detected is determined in advance by a technician, and related operations are established on the basis that the technician determines the positive defocusing amount value which needs to be kept between the laser beam and the surface of the material to be detected in the laser detection process. The technical personnel are required to adjust the non-defocusing state of the laser beam of the existing laser detection method to a positive defocusing state, and the specific method is to increase the linear distance between the laser beam emitting device of the existing device and the position to be detected on the surface of the material.
In the actual operation process, a technician can perform corresponding test work by adjusting the position of the material to be detected, so that the material to be detected is far away from the laser beam emitting device, and the set distance is the positive defocusing amount of the laser beam to be set.
3. And applying a water restraint layer to the area to be detected of the material to be detected.
In the step, a technician is required to set a flowing water restraint layer with a fixed thickness on the surface of the material to be detected in advance before the laser detection work is started.
It is noted that this step is based on the specific thickness of the water-binding layer that the skilled person has determined is to employ. The thickness of the water constraint layer and the specific value of the positive defocusing amount of the laser beam relative to the material surface in the step 2 are set simultaneously, the thickness of the water constraint layer is set to be 0.5-1 mm, and the specific value of the positive defocusing amount is larger than the thickness of the water constraint layer.
In a second aspect of the invention, the material prepared by the nondestructive implementation method for the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection is provided.
The third aspect of the invention provides application of a nondestructive implementation method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection in the field of material surface component analysis and/or a material testing method.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting.
Experimental example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection apparatus under an atmospheric environment is disclosed in this experimental example, in the method, 1 is a laser, 2 is a reflector, 3 is a focusing mirror, 4 is a spectrometer, 5 is an optical fiber, 6 is a receiving head, 7 is a material to be detected, 8 is a laser beam focusing position, a laser beam generated by the laser 1 is reflected by the reflector 2 and focused by the focusing mirror 3, and then directly irradiates the surface of the material 7 to be detected, so as to form an ablation and material excitation effect, the other end of the laser 1 is connected with the spectrometer 4, and the spectrometer 4 collects a spectral signal through the optical fiber 5 and the receiving head 6, and further analyzes information such as element type, component content and the like on the surface of the material. In the process, the laser beam focus position 8 is at the material surface, i.e. the laser beam is in a non-defocused state with respect to the material surface.
In the experimental example, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology utilizes a spectral signal formed by ablation of the surface of the material to be detected caused by laser pulses to quantitatively represent information such as element types and concentrations on the surface of the material. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy generates a spectrum signal on the premise that the area to be detected on the surface of the material is ablated, and the ablation effect has adverse effect on the surface quality of the material, so the method is a substantially destructive testing method.
Taking the detection of the Ni35+ TiC element content in the laser cladding layer on the surface of a certain stainless steel material as an example. In the experimental example, the conventional testing device and the process conditions of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy are adopted to detect the components of the material to be detected. And after obtaining the component detection result of the material to be detected, carrying out residual stress detection on the ablation position of the laser detection area. The result shows that the residual stress value of the surface of the ablated area of the material after the detection treatment by the method is 20 MPa. The presence of residual tensile stress is one of the most likely causes of failure of a material during service.
Experimental example 2
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection apparatus in an atmospheric environment disclosed in this experimental example is different from experimental example 1 in that a material 7 to be detected is completely located in an underwater environment 9, and the rest of the settings are the same as those in experimental example 1.
In the method, in the process that a laser beam penetrates through an underwater environment 9 to irradiate the surface of a material 7 to be detected to form ablation and material excitation effects, a spectrometer 4 collects a spectrum signal through a receiving head 6, and then information such as element types, component contents and the like on the surface of the material is analyzed. In the process, the laser beam focusing position 8 is on the surface of the material, namely the laser beam is in a non-defocusing state relative to the surface of the material; in addition, laser energy loss can be caused by the propagation of the laser beam in water, and the attenuation influence of the signal also occurs in the process that the spectral signal passes through a water layer and is received by the receiving head, so that the precision and the accuracy of spectral analysis are greatly reduced.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic view of the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy detection apparatus in an atmospheric environment disclosed in this embodiment, a laser beam generated by a laser 1 is reflected by a reflector 2 and focused by a focusing mirror 3, and then passes through a water confinement layer 10 to irradiate the surface of a material to be detected 7, so as to form an ablation and material excitation effect, in the process, the other end of the laser 1 is connected with a spectrometer 4, and the spectrometer 4 collects a spectral signal through an optical fiber 5 and a receiving head 6, and further analyzes information such as element type and component content on the surface of the material. In the process, the laser beam focusing position 8 is above the water confinement layer 10 of the material surface, i.e. the laser beam is in a positive defocus state relative to the material surface.
The laser induced breakdown spectroscopy experiment was performed using the method of this example:
taking the detection of the Ni35+ TiC element content in the laser cladding layer on the surface of a certain stainless steel material as an example. The spectral line intensity of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy directly reflects the concentration of the element components of the material, and the embodiment reflects the content of the Ni element by detecting the spectral line intensity of the surface of the material. The test is carried out on the basis of a conventional test device and process conditions of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, wherein the adopted laser pulse has the wavelength of 1064nm, the energy of 50mJ and the pulse width of 9 ns. Presetting the thickness of a water restraint layer to be coated on the surface of a material to be detected to be 0.7-0.8 mm, and the positive defocusing amount of a laser beam relative to the surface of the material to be detected to be 0.9 mm; adjusting the position of the material to be detected to be 0.9mm away from the focusing position of the laser beam; setting a flowing deionized water layer at the position to be detected by adopting a plastic hose spraying mode, wherein the thickness of the water layer is kept between 0.7mm and 0.8 mm; and (4) carrying out component detection on the area to be detected by adopting the process conditions.
And after obtaining the component detection result of the material to be detected, carrying out residual stress detection on the ablation position of the laser detection area. The results show that the ablated region of the material after the detection treatment by the method introduces a surface residual compressive stress of-260 MPa. The introduction of the residual compressive stress is an important factor for improving the service performance of the material.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A nondestructive implementation method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first process step: adjusting the thickness of a constraint layer on the surface of the material to be detected;
and a second step: adjusting the relative distance between the focusing position of the laser beam and the surface of the material;
and a third step of: the laser beam focusing position is positioned above the constraint layer on the surface of the material;
step four: and detecting the components of the material to be detected by adopting a laser detection process.
2. The method for nondestructive realization of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the confinement layer is 0.5mm to 1 mm;
preferably, the thickness of the restraint layer is 0.7 mm-0.8 mm;
preferably, the positive defocus of the laser beam relative to the material surface is 0.9 mm.
3. The method for nondestructive realization of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection as claimed in claim 1 wherein said confinement layer comprises a water layer flowing on the surface of the material to be detected and/or a transparent vessel filled with deionized water.
4. The method for nondestructive testing of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy components of claim 1 wherein the sequence of the first step and the second step can be adjusted or performed simultaneously.
5. The method for realizing the nondestructive detection of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component of claim 1, wherein the laser beam is in a positive defocusing state relative to the surface of the material to be detected, and the defocusing amount is larger than the thickness of the constraint layer.
6. The method for realizing nondestructive testing of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy components of claim 1, wherein the laser testing process parameters are as follows: the laser pulse wavelength is 1064nm, the energy is 50mJ, and the pulse width is 9 ns.
7. The method for realizing nondestructive detection of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy components according to claim 1, wherein the method for setting the thickness of the constraining layer comprises: and (4) selecting a plastic hose to perform fixed-point spraying on the position to be detected, and adjusting the thickness of the restraint layer.
8. The method for nondestructive realization of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection according to claim 1, wherein the material to be detected is selected from metals and/or non-metals.
9. The material prepared by the nondestructive realization method of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy component detection of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the method for the non-destructive realization of the component detection by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of any one of claims 1 to 8 in the field of the analysis of the surface components of materials and/or in the methods for testing materials.
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