CN113738276A - Control method and system for drilling horizontal well and drilling system for horizontal well - Google Patents
Control method and system for drilling horizontal well and drilling system for horizontal well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling, and discloses a control method and a control system for drilling a horizontal well and a drilling system. The control method comprises the following steps: determining the depth of preset marks at preset number of characteristic points on a preset characteristic curve of a stratum within a preset range aiming at the sweet spot areas of the pilot hole well and each target adjacent well; aiming at the pilot hole and each target adjacent well: calibrating the relation between the time for returning the seismic waves to the ground and the well depth, and calibrating the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section according to the depth of the preset mark; establishing a velocity field model according to the calibrated relation between time and well depth, position data and a seismic velocity body; predicting a first prediction depth of a preset number of preset marks of the horizontal well according to the preset mark position and the speed field model of the pilot hole; and controlling drilling of the horizontal well by using an elemental measurement method and a rotary steerable method according to the first predicted depth data. The invention greatly improves the reservoir drilling rate of the continental facies shale gas horizontal well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling, in particular to a control method and a control system for drilling a horizontal well and a drilling system for the horizontal well.
Background
The pear tree fault is located in the southeast rising area of the Songliao basin and is a single-break dustpan-shaped fault. Wherein, one sub-section I of the camp group is a continental half-deep lake facies deposition environment, thick-layer black mud shale is mainly used, and the front edge of the thin-layer delta-shaped corrugated is filled with the deep gray siltstone (the thickness of the siltstone is 1-2m, and the proportion of the sandstone floor is less than 10%). Shale is rich in organic matters, and the striated layer develops (developing nano pores), so that the shale is both a raw gas rock and a reservoir rock. Because the mineral components of the shale generally contain carbonate rock and have high brittleness index, the shale is beneficial to fracturing reformation. Based on the continuous coring and analysis and assay data of the shale, 5 dessert layers are developed in a section I of the camp group, the distribution area is wide, and the dessert layers have the characteristic of large-area gas content, so that the shale gas exploration potential is huge.
For the pear tree fractured continental facies shale gas dessert layer, the difference between lithology and electrical property in the longitudinal direction is small (such as continuous high gamma and short finger-shaped resistance characteristics of a logging curve), namely the characteristics of the longitudinal mark layer are not obvious (the refinement degree of the prior art is not enough); the horizontal direction is affected by the irregular extension of the sand body plane at the front edge of the delta, the change of the lithology thickness of the shale is rapid in the horizontal direction, accurate tracking is difficult to complete by means of the existing horizontal well tracking method, and therefore horizontal well drilling of a designated dessert position is difficult to implement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a control method and a control system for drilling a horizontal well and a drilling system for the horizontal well, which can solve the tracking problem of a continental facies shale gas well horizontal well under the conditions that a continental facies shale longitudinal marker layer is not obvious and the transverse lithology changes rapidly, so that the reservoir drilling rate of the continental facies shale gas horizontal well is greatly improved.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a control method for drilling a horizontal well, the control method comprising: determining, for a sweet spot region of each of a pilot well of the horizontal well and target adjacent wells located around the horizontal well, a marking depth of preset marks at a preset number of characteristic points on a preset characteristic curve of a formation within a preset range including the sweet spot region; for each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well, calibrating the relation between the time of the seismic waves returning to the ground from the bottom of the well and the well depth; calibrating the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section according to the mark depth of the preset number of preset marks aiming at each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well; establishing a velocity field model according to the relationship between the time of the calibrated seismic waves returning to the ground from the well bottom and the well depth, the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section and a seismic velocity body; predicting a first prediction depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the positions of the seismic event axes corresponding to the preset number of preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic section and the established velocity field model; and controlling to drill the horizontal well by adopting an elemental measurement method and a rotary steering method according to the first predicted depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well.
Preferably, before the step of determining the mark depths of the preset marks at the preset number of feature points of the preset feature curve of the stratum within the preset range including the sweet spot region is performed, the control method further includes: selecting the target adjacent well from the plurality of adjacent wells having a sweet spot area that matches a sweet spot area of the pilot well; and marking the preset marks at a preset number of characteristic points on a preset characteristic curve of the stratum within a preset range including the sweet spot region aiming at the sweet spot region of each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well.
Preferably, the screening of the target adjacent well from the plurality of adjacent wells having a sweet spot area matching the sweet spot area of the pilot well comprises: determining the variation trend of preset characteristic curves of the stratums in the sweet spot areas of the pilot hole well and the adjacent wells according to the fine sublayer comparison; judging whether the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of each of the plurality of adjacent wells is matched with the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well; and determining a specific adjacent well as the target adjacent well under the condition that the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the specific adjacent well in the adjacent wells is matched with the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well.
Preferably, the marking preset marks at a preset number of characteristic points of a preset characteristic curve of the stratum within a preset range including the sweet spot region comprises: marking preset marks at a plurality of characteristic points of a preset characteristic curve of the stratum within a preset range including the dessert area to obtain a plurality of preset marks; and screening the preset number of preset marks in a specific range from the plurality of preset marks, wherein the change value of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the specific range is greater than the preset change value.
Preferably, the predicting a first predicted depth of the positions of the preset number of preset marks of the horizontal well on the seismic section includes: determining a drilling track of the horizontal well according to the deflecting point position of the pilot hole and the initial point position of the horizontal section of the horizontal well; predicting the positions of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section according to the positions of the seismic event corresponding to the preset number of preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic section; and predicting a first prediction depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the established velocity field model and the positions of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section.
Preferably, said controlling drilling said horizontal well using said rotary steerable method comprises: controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to the first predicted depth of the first preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well; determining the actual depth of the horizontal well drilled to the first preset mark and the first preset mark according to a preset characteristic curve of the horizontal well drilled in real time, preset element data of the horizontal well drilled in real time, the characteristic of the preset characteristic curve of the pilot hole well or the target adjacent well at the first preset mark and the preset element characteristic of the pilot hole well at the first preset mark; correcting the established speed field model according to the actual depth of the first preset mark; predicting a second predicted depth of a second preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the corrected speed field model; controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to a second predicted depth of the second preset mark; and controlling to drill the last preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well.
A second aspect of the invention provides a control system for drilling a horizontal well, the control system comprising: a depth determination device, configured to determine, for a sweet spot region of each of a pilot well of the horizontal well and target neighboring wells located around the horizontal well, a mark depth of a preset mark at a preset number of feature points on a preset feature curve of a formation within a preset range including the sweet spot region; the relation calibration device is used for calibrating the relation between the time of the seismic waves returning to the ground from the bottom of the well and the well depth aiming at each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well; the position calibration device is used for calibrating the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section according to the mark depth of the preset number of preset marks aiming at each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well; the model establishing device is used for establishing a velocity field model according to the relationship between the time of the calibrated seismic waves returning to the ground from the well bottom and the well depth, the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section and a seismic velocity body; the prediction device is used for predicting a first prediction depth of the positions of the preset number of the preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section according to the positions of the seismic event corresponding to the preset number of the preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic section and the established velocity field model; and the control device is used for controlling the horizontal well to be drilled by adopting an elemental measurement method and a rotary steering method according to the first predicted depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well.
Preferably, the prediction means comprises: the track determining module is used for determining the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the deflecting point position of the pilot hole and the initial point position of the horizontal section of the horizontal well; the position determining module is used for predicting the positions of the preset number of the preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section according to the positions of the seismic homophase axes corresponding to the preset number of the preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic section; and the depth prediction module is used for predicting the first prediction depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the established velocity field model and the positions of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section.
Preferably, the control module comprises: the first control unit is used for controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to the first predicted depth of the first preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well; the determining unit is used for determining the actual depth of the horizontal well drilled to the first preset mark and the first preset mark according to a preset characteristic curve of the horizontal well drilled in real time, preset element data of the horizontal well drilled in real time, the characteristic of the preset characteristic curve of the pilot hole well or the target adjacent well at the first preset mark and the preset element characteristic of the pilot hole well at the first preset mark; the correction unit is used for correcting the established speed field model according to the actual depth of the first preset mark; the prediction unit is used for predicting a second prediction depth of a second preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the corrected speed field model; the second control unit is used for controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to the second predicted depth of the second preset mark; and a third control unit for controlling the drilling of the last preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well until the drilling is finished.
The third aspect of the present invention also provides a drilling system for a horizontal well, comprising: a drilling apparatus; and according to the control system for drilling a horizontal well, controlling the drilling device to perform the drilling operation of the horizontal well.
Through the technical scheme, the invention creatively carries out the following operations aiming at the pilot hole and the target adjacent well: calibrating the relation between the time of the seismic waves returning to the ground and the well depth; calibrating the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section according to the mark depths of the preset marks with preset number on the preset characteristic curve of the stratum within the respective preset range; and establishing a velocity field model according to the relationship between the time for the calibrated seismic waves to return to the ground and the well depth, the positions of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic profile and a seismic velocity body, then predicting the first predicted depths of all the preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the positions of the seismic event corresponding to the preset number of preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic profile and the established velocity field model, and finally controlling the drilling of the horizontal well according to the first predicted depths of all the preset marks of the horizontal well by combining a preset characteristic curve contrast method, an element measurement method and a rotary steering method. Therefore, under the conditions that the longitudinal marker layer of the continental facies shale is not obvious and the transverse lithology changes rapidly, the method can solve the tracking problem of the continental facies shale gas well horizontal well, thereby greatly improving the reservoir drilling rate of the continental facies shale gas horizontal well.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a control method for drilling a horizontal well provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a control method for drilling a horizontal well provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3A is a flow chart of a process for screening the target neighbor well according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3B is a flow chart of a first predicted depth for predicting the location of the predetermined number of predetermined markers on the drilling trajectory of the horizontal well on the seismic section according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart for controlling drilling of the horizontal well using the rotary steerable method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the characteristics and the segmentation results of the marker layer (or meter-level marker) of the pilot hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5(b) is a schematic representation of a meter-level marker on a seismic section provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5(c) is an enlarged partial schematic view of the meter-scale markings on the seismic section within the box shown in FIG. 5(b) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(a) is a schematic diagram of a time-depth relationship for a plurality of wells provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(b) is a schematic illustration of a meter-level marker on a seismic section and its interpretation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(c) is a schematic diagram of a velocity field model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6(d) is a schematic diagram of a real drilling trajectory of a horizontal well provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal profile division of a sweet spot area of a horizontal well provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a control process for drilling a horizontal well provided by an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 9 is a block diagram of a control system for drilling a horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
10 depth determination device 20 relation calibration device
30 position calibration device 40 model establishing device
50 prediction device 60 control device
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Before describing embodiments of the present invention, a brief introduction will be made to velocity field simulation, meter level labeling, elemental measurements, and spin steering.
Speed field simulation: according to the fine interpretation of the seismic wave group, gridding interpretation data of each wave crest, wave trough and zero phase in the sweet spot area are formed, a velocity model (or velocity body) formed by seismic stack velocity is calibrated, then each layer of the velocity model is calibrated through drilling data (actual depth data of drilling in a certain seismic wave resistance) of adjacent wells around a horizontal well, and a calibrated seismic velocity body, namely a velocity field model, is formed.
Meter-level marking: each change point (or characteristic point) on the gamma, resistivity log within the sweet spot area of the neighbor or pilot well is determined and the formation is divided into different marker layers by marking markers at each change point (i.e., forming several markers spaced at a minimum of 1 meter).
Elemental determination: and according to the element measurement data of the adjacent well or the pilot hole well, comparing the element change characteristics of the horizontal well, and determining the corresponding position (namely the actual depth) of each meter-level mark on the adjacent well or the pilot hole well.
A rotary guide method: and analyzing the actual depth of each mark (such as a meter-level mark) on the preset track of the horizontal well encountered by the drill through the comparison of the real-time logging curve data of the horizontal well and the logging curve data of the pilot hole well or the target adjacent well so as to ensure the position of the drill encountered by the sweet spot. And correcting the speed field model according to the actual depth of the previous mark, predicting the depth of the next mark by using the corrected speed field model, and repeating the steps until the drill encounters all marks on the preset track.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a control method for drilling a horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the control method for drilling a horizontal well may include the following steps S101 to S106.
Step S101, aiming at a sweet spot area of each of a pilot hole well of the horizontal well and target adjacent wells around the horizontal well, determining marking depths of preset marks at preset number of characteristic points on a preset characteristic curve of a stratum within a preset range including the sweet spot area.
Before performing step S101, as shown in fig. 2, the control method may further include the following steps S201 to S202.
Step S201, screening the target adjacent well with the sweet spot area matched with the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well from the adjacent wells.
For step S201, as shown in fig. 3A, the process of screening the target neighboring well may include the following steps S301 to S303.
Step S301, determining the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot areas of the pilot hole well and the adjacent wells according to the fine sublayer comparison.
Wherein the preset characteristic curve may be a Gamma (GR) curve or a deep lateral (LLD) curve. In different fine and fine layers (which are larger than the distance between meter-level marks and can be divided according to actual conditions), along with the increase of the depth, the intensity of the preset characteristic curve is gradually enhanced, weakened or unchanged. The Gamma (GR) and LLD curves between the markers B7-1 through B7-2 in FIG. 5(a) show that as the depth increases, their intensity changes from high to low.
Step S302, judging whether the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of each of the plurality of adjacent wells is matched with the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well.
In the corresponding (or same depth) fine sub-layer, if the intensity variation of the preset characteristic curve (e.g. gamma curve) of the formation in the sweet spot region of a certain adjacent well is the same as the intensity variation of the same preset characteristic curve (e.g. gamma curve) of the formation in the sweet spot region of the pilot well as the depth increases, it is determined that the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve (e.g. gamma curve) of the formation in the sweet spot region of the adjacent well matches the variation trend of the same preset characteristic curve (e.g. gamma curve) of the formation in the sweet spot region of the pilot well.
Step S303, under the condition that the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of a specific adjacent well in the adjacent wells is matched with the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well, determining the specific adjacent well as the target adjacent well.
In general, the number of the determined target adjacent wells may be multiple, for example, 4 or 5; of course, the number of the cells may be 1. The larger the number of target adjacent wells, the smaller the lateral variation of the lithology of the continental facies shale in the area. And if the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of any one of the adjacent wells is not matched with the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well, the horizontal variation of the continental facies shale lithology is over large in the transverse direction, and the continental facies shale lithology is not suitable for drilling a horizontal well at a target point.
At least one target adjacent well matched with the pilot hole can be screened out through the steps S301-S303.
Before performing step S201, the control method may further include: determining a sweet spot area for each of the pilot well and a plurality of adjacent wells located around the horizontal well.
Specifically, for the pilot hole well or the adjacent well, the organic matter content of the shale can be measured according to the geological analysis test data>Preset organic content (e.g. 2%), porosity>Predetermined porosity (e.g. 3%) and gas content>Preset gas content (e.g. 2 m)3The region of/t) is determined as the sweet spot region.
Step S202, aiming at the sweet spot area of each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well, marking the preset marks at the preset number of characteristic points on the preset characteristic curve of the stratum within the preset range including the sweet spot area.
For step S202, marking preset marks at a preset number of feature points on a preset feature curve of the formation within a preset range may include: marking preset marks at a plurality of characteristic points of a preset characteristic curve of the stratum within a preset range including the dessert area to obtain a plurality of preset marks; and screening the preset marks with the preset number in a specific range from the plurality of preset marks. And the change value of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the specific range is greater than the preset change value.
Wherein the predetermined mark may be a meter-level mark. For the pilot well and each target neighbor, meter-scale markers are marked at a plurality of change points (or characteristic points) of the gamma curve (or LLD log) of the formation at a preset range (e.g., the range between marker B2 (not shown) and marker B7-5 in fig. 5 (a)) including the sweet spot region, so that a plurality of meter-scale markers (or marker layers formed by adjacent meter-scale markers) can be acquired. Then, according to the variation trend of the gamma curve (or the LLD log) obtained in step S301, the gamma curve (or the LLD log) of the formation is screened, wherein the variation value of the gamma curve (or the LLD log) in each marker layer is greater than a specific range of the preset variation value (that is, a sweet spot region with better stability is selected). And finally, obtaining the meter level marks with the preset number in the specific range. As shown in fig. 5(a), 23 meter-level marks in the region (thickness 180m) between B2 and B7-5 are identified, 5 meter-level marks are identified locally as between B7-1 and B7-5 (thickness 7.3m), and the minimum distance between meter-level marks is 1 m.
Through steps S201 to S202, a preset number of preset marks may be marked on a preset characteristic curve of the formation within a preset range. For the steps S203-S208, reference can be made to the detailed descriptions of the steps S101-S106, which are not repeated herein.
Step S102, aiming at each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well, calibrating the relation between the time of the seismic waves returning to the ground from the bottom of the well and the well depth.
And (3) a synthetic record of the relation between the time of the seismic waves of the pilot hole well (shown in figure 6 (a)) and a plurality of target adjacent wells returning to the ground from the bottom of the well and the well depth, so as to form a time-depth relation.
Step S103, aiming at each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well, calibrating the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section according to the mark depth of the preset number of preset marks.
For each well, determining the transverse position on the seismic section according to the geographic position of each well, and determining the longitudinal position of the corresponding seismic event (such as the axis of the peak or the trough shown in fig. 5 (b)) on the seismic section according to the mark depth of each meter-level mark. This is equivalent to interpreting peaks, valleys and zero phase within a predetermined range including the sweet spot region on the seismic profile, thereby completing the predetermined range (24 km)2) As shown in fig. 6 (b).
And S104, establishing a velocity field model according to the relationship between the time of the calibrated seismic waves returning to the ground from the well bottom and the well depth, the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section and a seismic velocity body.
Specifically, each horizon of the seismic velocity volume is calibrated by using the time-depth relationship of multiple wells and the position of the seismic event on the seismic profile corresponding to each preset marker, thereby forming a velocity field model, as shown in fig. 6 (c). Step S105, predicting a first prediction depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the positions of the seismic event corresponding to the preset number of preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic section and the established velocity field model.
For step S105, as shown in fig. 3B, the predicting the first predicted depth of the position on the seismic section of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling trajectory of the horizontal well may include steps S311 to S313.
And S311, determining a drilling track of the horizontal well according to the deflecting point position of the pilot hole well and the initial point position of the horizontal section of the horizontal well.
Wherein the deflecting point position of the pilot hole well is the starting point of the horizontal well; and the starting point of the horizontal section of the horizontal well is the target point A. And determining the plane coordinates of the target point A according to the top surface construction diagram of the sweet spot area, wherein the position of the projection of the plane coordinates of the target point A on the seismic section and the interpretation horizon in which the pilot hole B7-3 mark is positioned is the predicted drilling position of the target point A on the seismic section.
Step S312, predicting the positions of the preset number of the preset marks of the horizontal well on the seismic section according to the positions of the seismic event corresponding to the preset number of the preset marks of the pilot hole well on the seismic section.
Specifically, the preset number of preset marks of the pilot hole well has a determined position on the seismic section, so that the position of the preset number of preset marks on the horizontal well trajectory on the seismic section can be predicted according to the corresponding interpretation horizon.
Step 313, predicting a first prediction depth of the preset number of preset marks of the horizontal well according to the established velocity field model and the position of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section. In the step S312, determining the position of each preset mark of the horizontal well on the seismic section is equivalent to determining the time for the seismic waves to return to the ground from each preset mark, and determining the predicted depth of each preset mark by combining the velocity in the velocity field model established in the step S104.
And S106, controlling to drill the horizontal well by adopting an elemental measurement method and a rotary steering method according to the first predicted depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well.
For step S106, controlling drilling the horizontal well using the elemental method and the rotary steerable method may comprise: and controlling the drilling of the horizontal well by adopting the rotary steering method according to the designed drilling track of the horizontal well, the elemental measurement method and the established velocity field model.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the controlling drilling the horizontal well by the rotary steerable method may include the following steps S401 to S406.
Step S401, controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to the first predicted depth of the first preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well.
Step S402, determining the actual depth of the horizontal well drilled to the first preset mark and the first preset mark according to a preset characteristic curve of the horizontal well drilled in real time, preset element data of the horizontal well drilled in real time, the characteristic of the preset characteristic curve of the pilot hole well or the target adjacent well at the first preset mark and the preset element characteristic of the pilot hole well at the first preset mark.
During actual drilling, lithology data and partial well log data for well analysis, such as gamma curve and deep lateral curve data, are generated while drilling. When the change characteristics of the upper and lower marks are similar, such as the high gamma and high resistance characteristics at the position of the mark B7-1 (as shown in fig. 5 (a)), the position cannot be determined in the process of actually drilling the horizontal well, and the characteristic change of the formation cannot be accurately reflected by the logging curve alone. Thus, in this embodiment, the obtained pre-set element data of the real-time drilling of the horizontal well may be compared with the characteristics of the same pre-set element of the pilot hole (or target neighbor) at different pre-set markers to analyze the drilled horizon. Wherein, the predetermined element can be calcium, silicon and aluminum. As shown in fig. 7, the elemental signature at the first predetermined marker (e.g., the B7-1 marker) on the drilling trajectory of the horizontal well has the "high calcium (Ca, e.g., an index of Ca greater than 6 can be considered high calcium) high silicon aluminum (Si _ Al) ratio (e.g., an index of silicon to aluminum ratio greater than 3.5 can be considered high silicon to aluminum ratio)" signature.
When the gamma curve of the horizontal well drilled in real time has the same characteristics (for example, a high tip at the gamma curve) as the gamma curve of the pilot hole at the first preset mark (for example, the mark B7-1), and the element data of the horizontal well drilled in real time shows that the characteristic of high calcium-high silicon-aluminum ratio is appeared, the drilling is carried out to the first preset mark (for example, the mark B7-1). And, since the elemental survey data (i.e. the correspondence between the elemental feature and the actual depth) of the leading borehole or the target neighboring borehole is known, the actual depth of the first predetermined marker can be determined from the elemental survey data.
And S403, correcting the established speed field model according to the actual depth of the first preset mark.
And S404, predicting a second prediction depth of a second preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the corrected speed field model.
Inputting the actual depth of the first preset mark into the established velocity model to calibrate the seismic velocity so as to form a new velocity field model, and predicting the depth of the next mark by using the new velocity field model. For example, the predicted vertical depth of marker B7-3 is predicted by the new velocity field model to be 3390m, the actual vertical depth is predicted to be 3391.96m, and the error is 1.96m, as shown in Table 1. In the prior art, an overburden stratum design is adopted, the earthquake prediction error is 5-6m, and compared with the method, the depth prediction accuracy is higher. It should be noted that the depth as not specifically stated herein refers to the vertical depth, and the slant depth in table 1 can be converted into the vertical depth by the well slant (inclination of the well) and the azimuth angle of the pilot hole.
TABLE 1 predicted and actual depths of respective meter-level marks within different sign layers
And S405, controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to the second predicted depth of the second preset mark.
And determining the actual depth of the horizontal well drilled to the second preset mark and the second preset mark according to a preset characteristic curve of the horizontal well drilled in real time, preset element data of the horizontal well drilled in real time, the characteristic of the preset characteristic curve of the pilot hole well or the target adjacent well at the second preset mark and the preset element characteristic of the pilot hole well at the second preset mark in a similar manner as the step S402. For the specific implementation process, reference may be made to the above detailed description of step S402, which is not described herein again. And then, performing secondary correction on the velocity field model after the primary correction according to the actual depth of the second preset mark by a step similar to step S403. And then predicting a second predicted depth of a third preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the secondarily corrected speed field model through a step similar to the step S404. Finally, through steps similar to step S405, the drilling operation of the horizontal well is controlled according to the second predicted depth of the third preset mark.
And step S406, controlling to drill the last preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well until the drilling is finished.
And repeating the steps similar to the steps S402-S405 until the last preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well is drilled. That is, the drilling operation of the horizontal well is completed at this time.
Specifically, the control process for drilling a horizontal well is systematically described, as shown in fig. 8.
The control process for drilling a horizontal well may include the following steps S801 to S808.
Step S801, determining the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well and each adjacent well according to geological analysis test data.
And S802, screening out a target adjacent well from the adjacent wells.
The sweet spot area of the target adjacent well is matched with the sweet spot area of the pilot well, namely the variation trend of the GR (or LLD) curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the target adjacent well is matched with the variation trend of the GR (or LLD) curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the pilot well.
Step S803, for the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well and each target adjacent well, marking meter-level marks at 23 characteristic points on a preset characteristic curve of the formation within a preset range, and determining the marking depths of the 23 meter-level marks.
The preset range comprises the sweet spot area, so that the drilling progress of the horizontal well and whether the horizontal well is drilled to the upper side area of the sweet spot area can be determined by comparing a preset characteristic curve of the stratum of the upper side area of the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well with a preset characteristic curve of the horizontal well for real-time drilling; or comparing the preset characteristic curve of the stratum of the lower side area of the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well with the preset characteristic curve of the real-time drilling of the horizontal well, and determining whether the horizontal well is drilled to the lower side area of the sweet spot area, so that the drilling in the sweet spot area can be controlled in real time.
Step S804, aiming at the pilot hole well and each target adjacent well, calibrating the relation between the time of the seismic waves returning to the ground from the bottom of the well and the well depth.
And S805, aiming at the pilot hole well and each target adjacent well, calibrating the position of the seismic event corresponding to each meter-level mark on the seismic section according to the mark depth of the 23 meter-level marks.
And step S806, establishing a velocity field model according to the relationship between the calibrated time and the well depth, the position of the seismic event on the seismic section corresponding to each meter-level mark and the seismic velocity body.
Step S807, predicting a first prediction depth of the 23 meter-level marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the positions of the seismic event in the seismic section corresponding to the preset marks of the preset number of pilot holes and the established velocity field model.
And step S808, controlling drilling of the horizontal well by adopting an elemental measurement method and a rotary steering method according to the first predicted depth of the 23 meter-level marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well.
When the rotary steerable method is used for drilling a horizontal well, a GR (or LLD) curve drilled in real time can be provided, the curve characteristics of the positions of the marks are compared, and the specific positions of the drilling encounter marks are determined in an auxiliary mode through the elemental measurement method, so that the tracks are ensured to run in B7-1 and B7-5 (as shown in figure 6 (d)). The horizontal well drilled by the invention has the length of 1050m, the sweet spot apparent thickness of 963.5m, and the sweet spot drilling rate of 92%.
Through the technical scheme, the invention creatively carries out the following operations aiming at the pilot hole and the target adjacent well: calibrating the relation between the time of the seismic waves returning to the ground and the well depth; calibrating the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section according to the mark depths of the preset marks with preset number on the preset characteristic curve of the stratum within the respective preset range; and establishing a velocity field model according to the relationship between the time for the calibrated seismic waves to return to the ground and the well depth, the positions of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic profile and a seismic velocity body, then predicting the first predicted depths of all the preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the positions of the seismic event corresponding to the preset number of preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic profile and the established velocity field model, and finally controlling the drilling of the horizontal well according to the first predicted depths of all the preset marks of the horizontal well by combining a preset characteristic curve contrast method, an element measurement method and a rotary steering method. Therefore, under the conditions that the longitudinal marker layer of the continental facies shale is not obvious and the transverse lithology changes rapidly, the method can solve the tracking problem of the continental facies shale gas well horizontal well, thereby greatly improving the reservoir drilling rate of the continental facies shale gas horizontal well.
In addition, in the aspect of evaluation after drilling, the longitudinal stratum change of the continental facies shale is complex, the brittleness change cannot be evaluated only by logging information according to the prior art, and the dessert cannot be quickly and accurately optimized after drilling a horizontal well.
And (3) applying an on-site mineralogy analysis technology, taking a sample point every 4 meters along the horizontal well, analyzing the mineral components of the sample point in an experiment, and obtaining the data of the mineral components of the rock debris within 24 hours. Then selecting a region with the total hydrocarbon of logging gas logging > 10%, the TOC of well logging interpretation > 2%, and the porosity of well logging interpretation > 4%, dividing 25 layers in the selected region according to the change of the mineral brittleness in the longitudinal direction, wherein the layer 12 of the type I dessert with the brittleness > 40% (such as 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24 in the dessert fine column in fig. 7) and the layer 10 of the type II dessert with the brittleness > 30% (such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22 in the dessert fine column in fig. 7) are main dessert sections fractured by the shale gas horizontal well, and the quick and optimal evaluation of the dessert after horizontal well drilling can be realized.
Accordingly, fig. 9 is a block diagram of a control system for drilling a horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 9, the control system for drilling a horizontal well may include: a depth determination device 10, configured to determine, for a sweet spot region of each of a pilot well of the horizontal well and target adjacent wells located around the horizontal well, a mark depth of a preset mark at a preset number of feature points on a preset feature curve of a formation within a preset range including the sweet spot region; a relation calibration device 20, configured to calibrate, for each of the pilot hole well and the target neighboring well, a relation between time of returning the seismic waves from the bottom of the well to the ground and a well depth; the position calibration device 30 is used for calibrating the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section according to the mark depth of the preset number of preset marks aiming at each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well; the model establishing device 40 is used for establishing a velocity field model according to the relationship between the time of the calibrated seismic waves returning to the ground from the well bottom and the well depth, the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section and a seismic velocity body; the prediction device 50 is used for predicting a first prediction depth of the positions of the preset number of the preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section according to the positions of the seismic event corresponding to the preset number of the preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic section and the established velocity field model; and a control device 60 for controlling drilling of the horizontal well by using an elemental measurement method and a rotary steering method according to a first predicted depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling trajectory of the horizontal well.
Preferably, the control system further comprises: a screening device (not shown) for screening the target adjacent well having a sweet spot area matching the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well from the plurality of adjacent wells; and a marking device (not shown) for marking the preset marks at a preset number of characteristic points on a preset characteristic curve of the formation within a preset range including the sweet spot region for the sweet spot region of each of the pilot well and the target neighbor well.
Preferably, the screening apparatus comprises: the variation trend determining module is used for determining the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot areas of the pilot hole well and the adjacent wells according to the fine sublayer comparison; the judging module is used for judging whether the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of each of the plurality of adjacent wells is matched with the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well; and the target adjacent well determining module is used for determining that a specific adjacent well is the target adjacent well under the condition that the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the specific adjacent well in the adjacent wells is matched with the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well.
Preferably, the marking device comprises: the marking unit is used for marking preset marks at a plurality of characteristic points of a preset characteristic curve of the stratum within a preset range including the dessert region so as to obtain a plurality of preset marks; and the screening unit is used for screening the preset marks with the preset number in a specific range from the preset marks, wherein the change value of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the specific range is greater than the preset change value.
Preferably, the prediction means 50 comprises: the track determining module is used for determining the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the deflecting point position of the pilot hole and the initial point position of the horizontal section of the horizontal well; the position determining module is used for predicting the positions of the preset number of the preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section according to the positions of the seismic homophase axes corresponding to the preset number of the preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic section; and the depth prediction module is used for predicting the first predicted depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the established velocity field model and the positions of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section
Preferably, the control module comprises: the first control unit is used for controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to the first predicted depth of the first preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well; the determining unit is used for determining the actual depth of the horizontal well drilled to the first preset mark and the first preset mark according to a preset characteristic curve of the horizontal well drilled in real time, preset element data of the horizontal well drilled in real time, the characteristic of the preset characteristic curve of the pilot hole well or the target adjacent well at the first preset mark and the preset element characteristic of the pilot hole well at the first preset mark; the correction unit is used for correcting the established speed field model according to the actual depth of the first preset mark; the prediction unit is used for predicting a second prediction depth of a second preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the corrected speed field model; the second control unit is used for controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to the second predicted depth of the second preset mark; and a third control unit for controlling the drilling of the last preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well until the drilling is finished.
For specific details and benefits of the control system for drilling a horizontal well provided by the present invention, reference may be made to the above description of the control method for drilling a horizontal well, and further description is omitted here.
Accordingly, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a drilling system for a horizontal well, the drilling system comprising: a drilling apparatus; and according to the control system for drilling a horizontal well, controlling the drilling device to perform the drilling operation of the horizontal well.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A control method for drilling a horizontal well, the control method comprising:
determining, for a sweet spot region of each of a pilot well of the horizontal well and target adjacent wells located around the horizontal well, a marking depth of preset marks at a preset number of characteristic points on a preset characteristic curve of a formation within a preset range including the sweet spot region;
for each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well, calibrating the relation between the time of the seismic waves returning to the ground from the bottom of the well and the well depth;
calibrating the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section according to the mark depth of the preset number of preset marks aiming at each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well;
establishing a velocity field model according to the relationship between the time of the calibrated seismic waves returning to the ground from the well bottom and the well depth, the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section and a seismic velocity body;
predicting a first prediction depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the positions of the seismic event axes corresponding to the preset number of preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic section and the established velocity field model; and
and controlling to drill the horizontal well by adopting an elemental measurement method and a rotary steering method according to the first predicted depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well.
2. The control method for drilling a horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein before performing the step of determining the marked depths of the preset marks at the preset number of characteristic points of the preset characteristic curve of the formation within the preset range including the sweet spot zone, the control method further comprises:
selecting the target adjacent well from the plurality of adjacent wells having a sweet spot area that matches a sweet spot area of the pilot well; and
marking the preset marks at a preset number of characteristic points on a preset characteristic curve of the stratum within a preset range including the sweet spot region aiming at the sweet spot region of each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well.
3. The control method for drilling a horizontal well according to claim 2 wherein said screening out said target adjacent well from said plurality of adjacent wells having a sweet spot area matching a sweet spot area of said pilot well comprises:
determining the variation trend of preset characteristic curves of the stratums in the sweet spot areas of the pilot hole well and the adjacent wells according to the fine sublayer comparison;
judging whether the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of each of the plurality of adjacent wells is matched with the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well; and
and under the condition that the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of a specific adjacent well in the adjacent wells is matched with the variation trend of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the sweet spot area of the pilot hole well, determining the specific adjacent well as the target adjacent well.
4. The control method for drilling a horizontal well according to claim 3, wherein marking preset marks at a preset number of characteristic points of a preset characteristic curve of the formation within a preset range including the sweet spot region comprises:
marking preset marks at a plurality of characteristic points of a preset characteristic curve of the stratum within a preset range including the dessert area to obtain a plurality of preset marks; and
and screening the preset marks with the preset number in a specific range from the preset marks, wherein the change value of the preset characteristic curve of the stratum in the specific range is greater than the preset change value.
5. The control method for drilling a horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein said predicting a first predicted depth of the position on the seismic section of said preset number of preset marks of said horizontal well comprises:
determining a drilling track of the horizontal well according to the deflecting point position of the pilot hole and the initial point position of the horizontal section of the horizontal well;
predicting the positions of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section according to the positions of the seismic event corresponding to the preset number of preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic section; and
and predicting a first prediction depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the established velocity field model and the positions of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section.
6. The control method for drilling a horizontal well according to claim 5, wherein said controlling drilling the horizontal well using the rotary steerable method comprises:
controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to the first predicted depth of the first preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well;
determining the actual depth of the horizontal well drilled to the first preset mark and the first preset mark according to a preset characteristic curve of the horizontal well drilled in real time, preset element data of the horizontal well drilled in real time, the characteristic of the preset characteristic curve of the pilot hole well or the target adjacent well at the first preset mark and the preset element characteristic of the pilot hole well at the first preset mark;
correcting the established speed field model according to the actual depth of the first preset mark;
predicting a second predicted depth of a second preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the corrected speed field model;
controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to a second predicted depth of the second preset mark; and
and controlling to drill the last preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well until the drilling is finished.
7. A control system for drilling a horizontal well, the control system comprising:
a depth determination device, configured to determine, for a sweet spot region of each of a pilot well of the horizontal well and target neighboring wells located around the horizontal well, a mark depth of a preset mark at a preset number of feature points on a preset feature curve of a formation within a preset range including the sweet spot region;
the relation calibration device is used for calibrating the relation between the time of the seismic waves returning to the ground from the bottom of the well and the well depth aiming at each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well;
the position calibration device is used for calibrating the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section according to the mark depth of the preset number of preset marks aiming at each of the pilot hole well and the target adjacent well;
the model establishing device is used for establishing a velocity field model according to the relationship between the time of the calibrated seismic waves returning to the ground from the well bottom and the well depth, the position of the seismic event corresponding to each preset mark on the seismic section and a seismic velocity body;
the prediction device is used for predicting the first prediction depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the positions of the seismic event in the seismic section corresponding to the preset number of preset marks of the pilot hole and the established velocity field model; and
and the control device is used for controlling the horizontal well to be drilled by adopting an elemental measurement method and a rotary steering method according to the first predicted depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well.
8. The control system for drilling a horizontal well according to claim 7 wherein the prediction means comprises:
the track determining module is used for determining the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the deflecting point position of the pilot hole and the initial point position of the horizontal section of the horizontal well;
the position determining module is used for predicting the positions of the preset number of the preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section according to the positions of the seismic homophase axes corresponding to the preset number of the preset marks of the pilot hole on the seismic section; and
and the depth prediction module is used for predicting the first prediction depth of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the established velocity field model and the positions of the preset number of preset marks on the drilling track of the horizontal well on the seismic section.
9. The control system for drilling a horizontal well according to claim 8 wherein the control module comprises:
the first control unit is used for controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to the first predicted depth of the first preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well;
the determining unit is used for determining the actual depth of the horizontal well drilled to the first preset mark and the first preset mark according to a preset characteristic curve of the horizontal well drilled in real time, preset element data of the horizontal well drilled in real time, the characteristic of the preset characteristic curve of the pilot hole well or the target adjacent well at the first preset mark and the preset element characteristic of the pilot hole well at the first preset mark;
the correction unit is used for correcting the established speed field model according to the actual depth of the first preset mark;
the prediction unit is used for predicting a second prediction depth of a second preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well according to the corrected speed field model;
the second control unit is used for controlling the drilling operation of the horizontal well according to the second predicted depth of the second preset mark; and
and the third control unit is used for controlling the drilling of the last preset mark on the drilling track of the horizontal well until the drilling is finished.
10. A drilling system for horizontal wells, comprising:
a drilling apparatus; and
a control system for drilling a horizontal well according to any one of claims 7 to 9 for controlling the drilling rig to perform a drilling operation of the horizontal well.
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