CN113737528A - 一种可降解树脂碳纤维上浆剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于碳纤维上浆剂制备技术领域,涉及一种可降解树脂碳纤维上浆剂。由以下重量分数物质组成:环氧树脂A 90‑95份、固化剂20‑50份、浸润剂0.2‑1份、偶联分散剂0.3‑0.8份、纯净水10‑15份、乙醇30‑45分、丙酮50‑65份。使用本发明上浆剂后复合材料力学性能特别是剪切性能良好。使用该上浆剂生产的复合材料在纤维降解回收过程中,能够显著提高复合材料降解速率和回收纤维力学性能保持率。为废弃复合材料回收再利用提供一种经济、高效的新途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于碳纤维上浆剂制备技术领域,涉及一种可降解树脂碳纤维上浆剂。
背景技术
先进纤维增强热固性环氧树脂基复合材料具有比强度、比模量高,可设计性强,耐腐蚀,一体化成型程度高,装配方式灵活多样等优点,在航空、航天,军工,高速列车,高压储罐,风力发电,高端体育用品等领域应用广泛。2020年国内碳纤维消费量达4.89万吨,按复合材料碳纤维含量60%计算,2020年单中国国内生产碳纤维复合材料制品达8.15万吨。热固性树脂具有不熔不溶的特性,这些制品生命周期末端,将会转变成大量的固体垃圾。为减少环境污染、减少宝贵的碳纤维浪费,将复合材料中的树脂和纤维分离,对回收后的碳纤维进行循环利用,成为了一个具有重要经济效益、环境效益的课题和行业热点。在众多回收方法中,化学回收法和超临界流体法是深受行业追捧的纤维回收方法。二者的降解原理都是在特定条件下将环氧树脂三维网络结构中的特殊化学键打开,产生小分子化合物从而破坏其原有三维网络结构。99%以上的环氧树脂能够快速有效的实现降解,但仍有少量小块或颗粒状树脂粘附于纤维表面。这些表面残余树脂与回收纤维之间,残余树脂与新树脂之间会形成一个弱界面,该界面的存在会严重破坏回收纤维力学性能。若要回收纤维表面干净的碳纤维,降解最后的这一小部分树脂付出的能耗和时间急剧上升,大幅度降低了复合材料回收再利用的经济效益。
发明内容
本发明针对传统环氧树脂降解不彻底的问题提出一种新型的可降解树脂碳纤维上浆剂。
为了达到上述目的,本发明是采用下述的技术方案实现的:
一种可降解纤维上浆剂,由以下重量分数物质组成:环氧树脂A 90-95份、固化剂20-50份、浸润剂0.2-1份、偶联分散剂0.3-0.8份、纯净水10-15份、乙醇30-45分、丙酮50-65份。
作为优选,所述环氧树脂为可降解型,环氧树脂含有酯基、醚基、缩醛基团、缩酮基团、三嗪环基团中一种或多种,环氧值为0.2-0.35。
作为优选,所述固化剂为韧性环氧固化剂,由脂环胺类、聚酰胺类、聚醚胺类固化剂中的一种或多种组成,固化剂活泼氢当量为100-120。
作为优选,所述偶联分散剂为酞酸酯偶联剂、硅烷偶联剂、镐类偶联剂中的任意一种。
上述可降解纤维上浆剂在纤维增强热固性环氧树脂基复合材料加工以及碳纤维回收中的应用。
碳纤维经可降解环氧树脂(上浆剂)上浆后在其表面形成可降解的环氧树脂交联层,可降解树脂上浆剂表面含有大量环氧基、氨基等活泼基团用于和基体树脂的化学交联。
复合材料中含有大量的环氧树脂,这些环氧树脂与固化剂的交联反应,使其形成三维结构,将按铺层结构制作的纤维增强复合材料粘结为一个性能优良的整体。
在复合材料制品使用完,进入回收过程后,普通交联环氧树脂在化学或超临界流体中快速得到分解;普通交联环氧树脂降解后,大部分交联环氧树脂被降解为小分子集团或被小分子集团包裹的树脂块而从纤维表面脱离。大部分树脂块脱离后,可降解上浆剂部分裸露降解溶液,降解溶液快速降解碳纤维表面的上浆剂,上浆剂的溶解带动碳纤维表面的环氧树脂与碳纤维之间的连接得到最大限度的破坏,上浆剂和剩余的环氧树脂从碳纤维表面脱离;经过超声震动、洗涤和干燥工序,获得纤维性能保持率高、纤维表面清洁的碳纤维。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和积极效果在于:
使用本发明上浆剂后复合材料力学性能特别是剪切性能良好。使用该上浆剂生产的复合材料在纤维降解回收过程中,能够显著提高复合材料降解速率和回收纤维力学性能保持率。为废弃复合材料回收再利用提供一种经济、高效的新途径。
附图说明
图1为含有本发明上浆剂的复合材料加工过程示意图。
图2为含有本发明上浆剂的复合材料降解碳纤维回收过程示意图。
图3为本发明碳纤维回收效果展示图。
各附图标记为:1碳纤维,2上浆剂,3环氧树脂。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点,下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是,本发明还可以采用不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施,因此,本发明并不限于下面公开说明书的具体实施例的限制。
实施例1
本实施例提供可降解树脂碳纤维上浆剂及其制备过程。
第一步:称取丙酮200g置于烧杯中,称取环氧值0.3的含有缩醛基的环氧树脂260g,浸润剂(BYK-W969)2.5g,使用玻璃棒搅拌分散均匀,得到混合液P1。
第二步:另取烧杯称取乙醇150g,称取聚酰胺G640固化剂100g,加入硅烷偶联剂(KH550)2g,水40g搅拌分散均匀,得到混合液P2。
需要说明的是,若是上浆剂现配制现使用,混合液P1和P2可以不分开配制;若需要预先配制后保存,由于混合液P1和混合液P2存在缓慢反应,因此需要分开单独配制。
第三步:取24K国产碳纤维,型号T700SC,碳纤维纱束按一定的速度(停留时间3-5秒,超声震动)依次经过3次丙酮清洗池,清洗掉碳纤维表面原有保护层,测试确保纤维表面保护层去除干净,若清洗后还有残留,则多清洗几次或者停留时间延长。
第四步:将第一步和第二步得到的混合液P1和混合液P2进行混合得到环氧树脂溶液(上浆剂),去除原有保护层的碳纤维按5-8m/s速度依次通过上浆剂环氧树脂溶液、50-60℃烘干箱烘烤3-5min后浸入聚酰胺溶液池(这步是常规浸没树脂工艺,本发明未改动),2min后取出在80℃烘干箱空烤固化10min,去除上浆剂中的小分子溶剂并使上浆剂2与碳纤维1表面进行机械和物理化学连接的同时完成环氧树脂3与固化剂间的初步连接。
实施例2
本实施例未特殊说明之处与实施例1一致,或采用常规的原料和工艺。
第一步:称取丙酮220g置于烧杯中,称取环氧值0.35的含有缩酮基的环氧树脂320g,浸润剂3.3g(锦湖),使用玻璃棒搅拌分散均匀,得到混合液P1。
第二步:另取烧杯称取乙醇152g,称取tac-900脂环胺固化剂169g,加入KR238s酞酸酯偶联剂2.7g,水50g搅拌分散均匀,得到混合液P2。
第三步:取T700SC碳纤维,碳纤维纱束按一定的速度(停留时间3-5秒)依次经过3次丙酮清洗池,清洗掉碳纤维表面原有保护层,测试确保纤维表面保护层去除干净,若清洗后还有残留,则多清洗几次或者停留时间延长。
第四步:将第一步和第二步得到的混合液P1和混合液P2进行混合得到环氧树脂溶液(上浆剂),去除原有保护层的碳纤维按6m/s速度依次通过上浆剂环氧树脂溶液、55℃烘干箱烘烤5min后浸入聚酰胺溶液池(这步是常规浸没树脂工艺,本发明未改动),2min后取出在80℃烘干箱空烤固化10min,去除上浆剂中的小分子溶剂并使上浆剂与碳纤维表面进行机械和物理化学连接的同时完成环氧树脂3与固化剂间的初步连接。
实施例3
第一步:称取丙酮200g置于烧杯中,称取环氧值0.2的含有缩三嗪环官能团的环氧树脂360g,浸润剂0.8g(锦湖),使用玻璃棒搅拌分散均匀,得到混合液P1。
第二步:另取烧杯称取乙醇120g,称取tac-900脂环胺固化剂80g,加入KR238s酞酸酯偶联剂1.2g,水40g搅拌分散均匀,得到混合液P2。
第三步:取T700SC碳纤维,碳纤维1纱束按一定的速度(停留时间3-5秒)依次经过3次丙酮清洗池,清洗掉碳纤维表面原有保护层,测试确保纤维表面保护层去除干净,若清洗后还有残留,则多清洗几次或者停留时间延长。
第四步:将第一步和第二步得到的混合液P1和混合液P2进行混合得到环氧树脂溶液(上浆剂2),去除原有保护层的碳纤维按6m/s速度依次通过上浆剂环氧树脂溶液、55℃烘干箱烘烤5min后浸入聚酰胺溶液池(这步是常规浸没树脂工艺,本发明未改动),2min后取出在80℃烘干箱空烤固化10min,去除上浆剂2中的小分子溶剂并使上浆剂2与碳纤维1表面进行机械和物理化学连接的同时完成环氧树脂与固化剂间的初步连接。
性能检测和回收实验。
本次检测采用实施例1各步骤得到的产品进行检测,过程如图1和2所示。
1.对未处理的T700SC碳纤维单丝拉伸,测试其强度数据,结果如表1所示。
表1 T700SC碳纤维单丝拉伸强度测试结果
2.将同一批碳丝进行实施例1处理,性能测试结果显示,复合材料强度和使用寿命符合要求,上浆剂的加入并不会对复合材料本身的强度等性能造成影响。复合材料测试完之后,将其放入预浸可降解环氧树脂体系,去除大部分的环氧树脂材料,这一步所用到的降解液以及降解操作与传统的碳纤维回收一致,经过这一步处理,99%以上的环氧树脂能够快速有效的实现降解。经过预处理后得到含有1%左右环氧树脂且上浆剂裸露的碳丝,将该碳丝经150℃含有质量分数5%盐酸的丙三醇溶液中浸泡加热2h,然后加入新的质量分数5%盐酸的丙三醇溶液中,超声2min、用清水洗涤,然后40-50℃干燥5min,得到回收碳纤维。测试其回收纤维力学性能,结果见表2所示。
表2 回收T700SC纤维单丝拉伸强度测试结果
经检测,回收碳纤维表面的环氧树脂和上浆剂完全去除,无残留。由表1和表2中可知,经2小时快速降解回收纤维力学性能保持率在80%以上,工业上正常使用是没有问题的,因此本发明提供的上浆剂在纤维增强热固性环氧树脂基复合材料加工和碳纤维回收方面具有良好的应用价值。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例应用于其它领域,但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种可降解纤维上浆剂,其特征在于,由以下重量分数物质组成:环氧树脂A90-95份、固化剂20-50份、浸润剂0.2-1份、偶联分散剂0.3-0.8份、纯净水10-15份、乙醇30-45分、丙酮50-65份。
2.根据权利要求1所述可降解纤维上浆剂,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂A为可降解型,环氧树脂含有酯基、醚基、缩醛基团、缩酮基团、三嗪环基团中一种或多种,环氧值为0.2-0.35。
3.根据权利要求1所述可降解纤维上浆剂,其特征在于,所述固化剂为韧性环氧固化剂,由脂环胺类、聚酰胺类、聚醚胺类固化剂中的一种或多种组成,固化剂活泼氢当量为100-120。
4.根据权利要求1所述可降解纤维上浆剂,其特征在于,所述偶联分散剂为酞酸酯偶联剂、硅烷偶联剂、镐类偶联剂中的任意一种。
5.权利要求1-4任意一项可降解纤维上浆剂在纤维增强热固性环氧树脂基复合材料加工以及碳纤维回收中的应用。
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