CN113735873B - 一种制备Artemisinin G的方法 - Google Patents
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- GUSFNHMDMCPUPO-DYLBMRNYSA-N [(3as,4r,6as,7r,10s,10ar)-4,7-dimethyl-8-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,10-octahydro-2h-furo[3,2-i]isochromen-10-yl] acetate Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@H]2C)C(=O)O[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@]11[C@H]2CCO1 GUSFNHMDMCPUPO-DYLBMRNYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- BLUAFEHZUWYNDE-NNWCWBAJSA-N artemisinin Chemical compound C([C@](OO1)(C)O2)C[C@H]3[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]31[C@@H]2OC(=O)[C@@H]4C BLUAFEHZUWYNDE-NNWCWBAJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229960004191 artemisinin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229930101531 artemisinin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003430 antimalarial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001723 carbon free-radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001405 Artemisia annua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000011 Artemisia annua Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000004792 malaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000005069 pulmonary fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002815 pulmonary hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D493/10—Spiro-condensed systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,提出了一种制备Artemisinin G的方法。该方法是以青蒿素为起始原料,通过一步反应合成Artemisinin G。本合成所用试剂为实验室常用试剂,且反应在室温条件下即可快速完成。综上,本发明所需材料易得、成本低廉、反应操作简单,反应时间短,反应液易于处理,可以大量获得Artemisinin G,供医药研发使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体涉及一种制备 Artemisinin G的方法。
背景技术
青蒿素及其衍生物常被用作开发抗疟疾药物,以青蒿素类药物为主的联合疗法,也是当下治疗疟疾的最有效最重要手段。近年来,随着研究的深入,青蒿素类药物的其它作用也越来越多被发现和应用研究,如具有抗肿瘤、治疗肺动脉高压、抗糖尿病、抗真菌、免疫调节、抗病毒、抗肺纤维化、心血管作用等多种药理作用。Li等人在研究青蒿素时从青蒿叶中提取出另一种活性物质Artemisinin G (Planta Med,1992, 58)。青蒿素在体内经生物代谢后可得到Artemisinin G。Artemisinin G不含青蒿素的特征过氧桥键,据此推测其在人体中发挥作用的机理与青蒿素不同,具有开发抗疟疾新药的潜力(J. Agric. Food Chem., 2018, 66, 10490−10495)。目前常用的合成Artemisinin G的方法有,如CharlesW. Jefford等将青蒿素溶于乙腈中,加入FeCl2·4H2O反应可达到较高的产率(78%)(Helv. Chim. Acta1996, 79, 1475-1487),但是FeCl2·4H2O用量较大(1当量),后续处理步骤繁琐,同时副产物与Artemisinin G性质相似,难以通过简单步骤分离,导致不适用于工业生产。本发明通过以青蒿素为起始原料,以极低催化量0.5 mol%的TBADT(十钨酸四丁基铵)为催化剂,一步反应即可快速得到90%以上收率的Artemisinin G,无明显副产物,且条件温和,后处理简单,具有很高的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种制备Artemisinin G的方法,使用此方法可以快速简洁地获得样品供生物医药研究。
为了实现上述目标,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种制备Artemisinin G的方法:以青蒿素为起始原料,TBADT为催化剂,室温和光照条件下,通过一步反应获得Artemisinin G。
具体步骤如下:以乙腈与氯仿作为混合溶剂,向混合溶剂中加入原料青蒿素及催化剂TBADT,在氩气氛围下,室温和光照条件下进行反应得到粗产物,提纯后得到产品Artemisinin G。
进一步的,乙腈与氯仿的体积比为5:1。
进一步的,TBADT的用量占青蒿素摩尔用量的0.5 %。
进一步的,光照波长为370 nm。
进一步的,反应时间为30min。
本发明的优点是:与现有技术相比,本发明所具有合成路线简洁,原料易得,成本低廉,反应操作简单,易于处理,且收率较高,可以大量获得Artemisinin G,以供医药研发的使用。
现有技术中使用亚铁盐做催化剂,主要经过了亚铁离子破坏过氧桥键形成氧自由基与铁氧化物,氧自由基促使C-C键断裂形成碳自由基,不稳定的碳自由基结合铁氧化物中的氧形成较稳定的五元环,使亚铁离子离去产生Artemisinin G等步骤,整个过程产生多个不稳定的中间体,因此反应产率较低,且催化剂用量大,副产物与Artemisinin G性质相似,分离纯化困难,不易大规模生产。而本发明使用极低催化量TBADT(催化比例200:1)时,十钨酸盐在光照下被激发,夺取氢原子后释放出自由基,自身回到基态等待下一次激发,而自由基继续反应,所以催化的效率远高于亚铁离子,且无明显副产物,纯化过程简单,适合大规模生产。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
溶剂:CHCl3(氯仿),CH3CN(乙腈),PE(石油醚),EtOAc(乙酸乙酯)。
试剂:Artemisinin(青蒿素),TBADT(十钨酸四丁基铵,tetrabutylammoniumdecatungstate,CAS号:68109-03-5)。
实施例1:
取3 mL乙腈与0.6 mL氯仿混匀,在室温下加入青蒿素(0.282 g,1 mmol)及TBADT(13.6 mg,0.005 mmol)。反应体系为氩气氛围,置于室温、370 nm光照下反应半小时。然后除去溶剂得到粗产物,用硅胶柱层析(PE/EtOAc = 4:1,体积比)纯化粗产物,得到白色固体(0.259 g,反应收率92%)。
Physical state:白色粉末状固体;
Melting point: 91-93℃;
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.65 (1H, s), 4.21 (1H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 3.94(1H, dd, J = 7.4, 15.8 Hz), 3.16 (1H, dq, J = 2.7, 7.2 Hz), 2.16 (3H, s),1.8-2.1 (4H, m),1.73 (1H, m), 1.60 (1H, m), 1,47 (1H, m), 1.21 (3H, d, J =7.3 Hz), 1.08 (1H, m), 0.99 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz).
13C NMR (90 MHz, CDCl3) δ 12.4, 20.3, 21.1, 24.2, 27.6, 30.8, 34.6,34.9, 46.6, 54.8, 69.1, 79.3, 92.9, 168.3, 171.5.
HRMS (ESI): calcd for C15H23O5 +m/z: 283.1540 (M+1), found 283.1551.
实施例2:
取15 mL乙腈与3 mL氯仿混匀,在室温下加入青蒿素(1.41 g,5 mmol)及TBADT(68 mg,0.025 mmol)。向反应体系中充满氩气,置于室温、370 nm光照下反应半小时。然后除去溶剂得到粗产物,用硅胶柱层析(PE/EtOAc = 4:1,体积比)纯化粗产物,得到白色固体(1.33 g,94%)。
实施例3:
取150 mL乙腈与30 mL氯仿混匀,在室温下加入青蒿素(14.1 g,50 mmol)及TBADT(680 mg,0.25 mmol)。向反应体系中充满氩气,置于室温、370 nm光照下反应半小时。然后除去溶剂得到粗产物,用硅胶柱层析(PE/EtOAc = 4:1,体积比)纯化粗产物,得到白色固体(12.8 g,91%)。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (5)
2.根据权利要求1 所述的一种制备Artemisinin G的方法,其特征在于:乙腈与氯仿的体积比为5:1。
3.根据权利要求1 所述的一种制备Artemisinin G的方法,其特征在于:TBADT的用量占青蒿素摩尔用量的0.5 %。
4.根据权利要求1 所述的一种制备Artemisinin G的方法,其特征在于:光照波长为370 nm。
5.根据权利要求1 所述的一种制备Artemisinin G的方法,其特征在于:反应时间为30min。
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
Biswajit Kalita等.An unusual outcome in the Wittig olefination of artemisinin and its derivatives under microwave irradiation.《Indian Journal of Chemistry》.2003,第42B卷第2622-2624页. * |
Gabriele Laudadio等.Selective C(sp3)-H Aerobic Oxidation Enabled by Decatungstate Photocatalysis in Flow.《Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.》.2018,第57卷第4078-4082,S1-S58页. * |
Kaitlyn Varela等.Synthesis of [15,15,15‑2H3]‑Dihydroartemisinic Acid and Isotope Studies Support a Mixed Mechanism in the Endoperoxide Formation to Artemisinin.《J. Nat. Prod.》.2021,第84卷第1967-1984页. * |
White, Andrew D.等.Iron(II) Chloride.《e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis》.2009,第1-5页. * |
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