CN113735475B - Light ceramsite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Light ceramsite and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial light aggregates, and particularly relates to light ceramsite and a preparation method thereof. The light ceramsite comprises 10-30wt% of municipal sludge, 58-85wt% of coal gangue, 5-12wt% of iron tailings and 1-5wt% of externally-doped husk ash; the method comprises the following steps of grinding coal gangue and iron tailings by using a ball mill; then mixing and batching the municipal sludge, the coal gangue and the iron tailings, and uniformly stirring; preparing raw material particles by using an extrusion granulator and drying; sending the dried raw ceramsite balls into a heated rotary kiln, then adding rice husk ash to fully wrap the surface of the ceramsite, taking out the ceramsite calcined by the rotary kiln from the kiln head, and naturally cooling to normal temperature; thereby obtaining the finished product of the light ceramsite. The method not only harmlessly utilizes solid wastes such as municipal sludge, iron tailings, coal gangue and the like, but also reduces the harm to the environment, and has better social benefit and environmental benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial light aggregates, and particularly relates to light ceramsite and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ceramsite is commonly known as artificial lightweight aggregate; as the ceramsite has the multifunctional characteristics of light weight, corrosion resistance, frost resistance, earthquake resistance, good isolation and the like, the ceramsite is widely applied to the fields of building materials, gardening, sewage treatment, fire-resistant heat-insulating materials, chemical engineering, petroleum and the like;
at present, the preparation raw material of the ceramsite is mainly clay or shale, and the clay is a precious natural resource, so that the clay ceramsite is developed vigorously, which inevitably causes the damage and loss of a large amount of high-quality cultivated land; the shale is used for producing ceramsite, which can destroy natural vegetation and environment and break the balance of an ecological system to a certain extent.
In addition, the preparation method also comprises other preparation methods:
for example, chinese patent application No. 200810157490.0 discloses a light ceramsite which is prepared by mixing 30-40 parts of dewatered sludge from urban sewage plants, 5-10 parts of fly ash and 50-70 parts of clay as raw materials in proportion and sintering at high temperature, wherein the ceramsite has the volume weight of 500-600kg/m < 3 > and the water absorption rate of 3.6-12%.
For example, chinese patent (application No. 200810157489.8) discloses a light ceramsite which is prepared by mixing 1-4 parts of dewatered sludge from urban sewage plants and 6-9 parts of clay as raw materials in proportion and sintering at high temperature, wherein the volume weight of the ceramsite is 300-500Kg/m < 3 >, and the water absorption rate is 1.0-10.4%.
For example, chinese patent application No. 201610320055.X discloses a method for preparing lightweight porous sludge ceramsite, which comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10-25 parts of sawdust, 20-30 parts of iron tailings, 5-10 parts of silica fume, 30-40 parts of sludge, 10-15 parts of quicklime, 20-30 parts of red mudstone, 1-5 parts of gypsum and 5-10 parts of magnesite. The water absorption of the ceramsite is 9.6-10.8%, the cylinder pressure strength is 5.8-6.1MPa, and the bulk density is 502-516kg/m < 3 >.
The requirements of the GB/T17431.1-2010 standard on the light ceramsite are as follows: water absorption rate of 15% or more and 25% or less, and water absorption rate of 200kg/m or more 3 Bulk density ≦ 500kg/m 3 (ii) a The cylinder pressure strength is more than or equal to 0.5MPa and less than or equal to 1.5MPa; therefore, in the preparation method of the light ceramsite disclosed in the above patent, the bulk density is more than 500kg/m 3 The weight is heavier, the barrel pressure strength is not provided, or natural resources such as clay and the like are used, so that the large-scale use of the barrel pressure strength is limited; in addition, various auxiliary additives are also added, so that the raw material cost is increased, the uniformity of the raw materials is poor, and the firing of the ceramsite is adversely affected. Therefore, the existing preparation method of the ceramsite must be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides light ceramsite taking all solid waste as a main raw material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method is used for preparing the light ceramsite by taking solid waste main raw materials such as municipal sludge, coal gangue, iron tailings and the like; organic carbon in sludge and coal gangue is fully utilized to improve the pore structure in the ceramsite, iron tailings are utilized to improve the hardness of a vitrified layer on the surface of the ceramsite and reduce the calcination temperature, and the prepared light ceramsite can be applied to light aggregate concrete, prefabricated parts and assembled buildings. The light ceramsite is prepared by using all solid waste raw materials such as municipal sludge, coal gangue, iron tailings and the like, so that the solid waste such as the municipal sludge, the iron tailings, the coal gangue and the like is harmfully utilized, the harm to the environment is reduced, and the light ceramsite has good social benefit and environmental benefit.
The technical solution for achieving the above object of the present invention can be summarized as follows:
the invention aims to provide light ceramsite, which comprises 10-30% of municipal sludge, 58-85% of coal gangue, 5-12% of iron tailings and 1-5% of externally-doped husk ash by mass percentage; wherein the water content of the municipal sludge is 80 percent.
Further, the preparation method of the rice husk ash comprises the following steps: grinding the chaff to 80 mu m with the screen residue less than or equal to 10 percent; putting the ground rice husks into a high-temperature furnace which is heated to 700-750 ℃, introducing oxygen as combustion-supporting gas, burning for 1-2h, and cooling to normal temperature; then the mixture is subjected to superfine grinding to obtain the product with the specific surface area of 85-95m 2 Rice husk ash/g.
Further, siO in the rice husk ash 2 The content is more than or equal to 90wt%, and the amorphous SiO 2 The content is more than or equal to 75wt%.
Further, the chemical properties of the rice husk ash are as follows: the ignition loss L.O.I is 1.0-4.0% and SiO is calculated by mass percent 2 90.0-93.5% of Al 2 O 3 0.40-0.60% of Fe 2 O 3 0.20-0.50% of CaO, 0.50-0.70% of CaO, 0.45-0.60% of MgO and K 2 O is 2.3-2.60%, na 2 O is 0.08.
Further, the chemical properties of the iron tailings are as follows: the loss on ignition L.O.I. is 4.5-5.2% and SiO 2 36.1-37.5% of Al 2 O 3 8.2-9.2% of Fe 2 O 3 12.7 to 13.1 percent of CaO and 7.6 to 8 percent of CaO.5%, mgO 13.2-13.8%, K 2 O is 0.7-0.9%, na 2 O is 0.8-1.0.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the light ceramsite, which comprises the following steps,
s1, respectively grinding coal gangue and iron tailings to a certain fineness by using a ball mill; then mixing and batching the municipal sludge, the coal gangue and the iron tailings according to the mass percentage, and uniformly stirring;
s2, firstly, preparing cylindrical raw material particles with the diameter of 8-15mm by using an extrusion granulator, and drying in an oven;
s3, feeding the dried raw ceramsite balls into a rotary kiln heated to 500 ℃, heating the raw ceramsite balls to 1080-1100 ℃ from 500 ℃, wherein the heating time is 25-35min, the rotating speed of the rotary kiln is controlled to be 1-2r/min, then, 1-5% of rice husk ash is added to fully wrap the surfaces of the ceramsite balls, and the rotating speed of the rotary kiln is controlled to be 2-3r/min; finally, quickly heating to 1140-1180 ℃ to calcine for 5-10min, and controlling the rotating speed of the rotary kiln at 1-2r/min; taking out the sintered ceramsite from the kiln head, and naturally cooling to normal temperature; thereby obtaining the finished product of the light ceramsite.
Furthermore, the finished product of the light ceramsite has the characteristics of water absorption rate less than or equal to 6.0 percent, cylinder pressure strength of 2.5-4.8MPa, and bulk density of 260-450kg/m 3 。
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the water content of the municipal sludge selected by the invention is 80 percent, the municipal sludge is directly combined with the pulverized coal gangue and iron tailings, and the sludge is mixed by using the water of the sludge, so that a large amount of water resources can be saved, the plasticity of the raw material can be increased, and the extrusion granulation is facilitated. In addition, the invention also fully utilizes the organic carbon components in the municipal sludge and the coal gangue, effectively improves the volume weight of the ceramsite and regulates the pore distribution in the ceramsite.
2. The light ceramsite is prepared by utilizing the all-solid-waste combined ingredients such as the coal gangue, the iron tailings and the like, so that the urban environment and water and soil loss caused by the coal gangue, the iron tailings and the like are solved, and the influence of solid waste stockpiling on the environment is reduced.
3. Book (I)The invention fully utilizes iron and magnesium elements in the iron tailings to form an iron magnesium silicate doped mineral phase (Mg) 0.93 Fe 1.07 Si 2 O 6 ) As shown in figure 1, the density of the vitrified layer on the surface of the ceramsite is improved, so that the water absorption of the surface of the ceramsite is reduced.
4. The invention only uses the rice husk ash as an additive, thereby avoiding the problem of poor uniformity of raw materials caused by using more additives, and meanwhile, the wrapping of the rice husk ash can increase the specific surface area of the ceramsite shell, improve the chemical reaction activity on the surface of the ceramsite, facilitate the chemical reaction of the ceramsite with a cementing material in the lightweight aggregate concrete and increase the overall strength performance of the lightweight aggregate concrete. In addition, rice husk ash is a low cost high silicon content pozzolanic material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diffraction analysis of an iron magnesium silicate doped mineral phase prepared by the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the problems of aggregate in the prior art, the invention discloses light ceramsite which is prepared from raw materials such as municipal sludge, coal gangue, iron tailings and the like; the mass percentage of each raw material is as follows: 10-30% of municipal sludge, 58-85% of coal gangue, 5-12% of iron tailings and 1-5% of husk ash (externally doped); wherein the water content of the municipal sludge is 80 percent, and the ingredients open up a new way for preparing the ceramsite by using solid waste raw materials.
Coal gangue is a rock mixed with organic and inorganic compounds co-deposited with coal during coal formation, usually in thin layers and in the coal seam or at the top and bottom of the coal seam. The coal gangue is divided into clay rock, sandstone rock, carbonate and aluminum rock according to the main mineral content. According to the source and final state, the coal gangue can be divided into three categories of tunneling gangue, coal gangue and natural gangue. So far, the stockpiling amount of the coal gangue is huge, the resource utilization is not enough, the technology is incomplete, and the influence on the environment is still serious, so that how to comprehensively utilize the coal gangue is a difficult problem to be solved.
The iron tailings are wastes after mineral separation, are main components of industrial solid wastes, and the development of the iron tailings is an important source for causing environmental pollution. The iron tailings are discarded, so that not only is a large amount of land occupied and great damage to the surrounding ecological environment caused, but also the respective treatment and maintenance costs are invested. Therefore, how to effectively and comprehensively recycle and utilize the iron tailing resources is also an important means for treating pollution and protecting ecology.
The husk ash used in the application is prepared by placing milled husk (80 μm screen residue is less than or equal to 10%) into a high-temperature furnace heated to 700-750 ℃, then introducing oxygen as combustion-supporting gas for burning for 1-2h, cooling to normal temperature, and then carrying out ultrafine grinding to obtain the specific surface area of 85-95m 2 Per g of husk ash. SiO in husk ash 2 The content is more than or equal to 90wt%, and the amorphous SiO 2 The content is more than or equal to 75wt%, and the volcanic ash activity is high.
TABLE 1 range of chemical composition (wt%) of iron tailings and husk ash
| Name (R) | L.O.I | SiO 2 | Al 2 O 3 | Fe 2 O 3 | CaO | MgO | K 2 O | Na 2 O |
| Iron tailings | 4.5-5.2 | 36.1-37.5 | 8.2-9.2 | 12.7-13.1 | 7.6-8.5 | 13.2-13.8 | 0.7-0.9 | 0.8-1.0 |
| Husk ash | 1.0-4.0 | 90.0-93.5 | 0.40-0.60 | 0.20-0.50 | 0.50-0.70 | 0.45-0.60 | 2.3-2.60 | 0.08 |
The iron tailing used in the method contains 12-14wt% of high iron and magnesium element content, which is beneficial to the reaction of iron and magnesium elements in mutual solid solution doping at the high temperature of 100-1200 ℃, so that an iron magnesium silicate doped mineral phase (Mg, shown in figure 1) capable of reducing the surface water absorption of ceramsite is formed 0.93 Fe 1.07 Si 2 O 6 )。
The invention discloses a preparation method of light ceramsite by using the raw materials, which comprises the following steps: s1, respectively grinding coal gangue and iron tailings to a certain fineness by using a ball mill; then mixing and batching the raw materials such as the municipal sludge, the coal gangue, the iron tailings and the like according to the mass percentage, and uniformly stirring the mixture by a high-speed stirrer;
s2, firstly, preparing cylindrical raw material particles with the diameter of 8-15mm by using an extrusion granulator, and drying in an oven;
s3, feeding the dried raw haydite pellets into a rotary kiln (phi 0.4m x 0.6m) heated to 500 ℃, heating the temperature to 1080-1100 ℃ from 500 ℃, wherein the heating time is 25-35min, the rotary speed of the rotary kiln is controlled at 1-2r/min, then 1-5% of rice husk ash is added to fully wrap the surface of the haydite, and the rotary speed of the rotary kiln is controlled at 2-3r/min; finally, quickly heating to 1140-1180 ℃ to calcine for 5-10min, and controlling the rotating speed of the rotary kiln at 1-2r/min; taking out the sintered ceramsite from the kiln head, and naturally cooling the ceramsite to the normal temperature; thereby obtaining the product with the water absorption rate less than or equal to 6.0 percent, the cylinder pressure strength of 2.5-4.8MPa, and the bulk density of 260-450kg/m 3 The finished product of the light ceramsite.
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following examples are listed: example 1
A preparation method of light ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively grinding coal gangue and iron tailings to a certain fineness by using a ball mill, mixing and proportioning according to the proportion of 10 percent (mass percentage) of municipal sludge, 85 percent (mass percentage) of coal gangue powder and 5 percent (mass percentage) of iron tailings, and then putting the mixture into a stirrer to stir uniformly at a high speed;
s2, preparing cylindrical raw material particles with the diameter of 8-15mm by using an extrusion granulator, and drying in an oven;
s3, conveying the dried raw haydite pellets into a rotary kiln (phi 0.4m x 0.6m) heated to 500 ℃, heating the temperature to 1080 ℃ from 500 ℃, controlling the rotary speed of the rotary kiln at 1r/min, and then adding 1% of rice husk ash to fully wrap the surface of the haydite, wherein the rotary speed of the rotary kiln is controlled at 3r/min; finally, quickly heating to 1180 ℃ for calcining for 5min, and controlling the rotating speed of the rotary kiln at 2r/min; taking out the sintered ceramsite from the kiln head, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain a light ceramsite finished product. The ceramsite product obtained by the scheme is characterized in that: the bulk density was 450kg/m3, the barrel pressure strength was 3.5MPa, and the water absorption at 1h was 5.1%.
Example 2
A preparation method of light ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively grinding coal gangue and iron tailings to certain fineness by using a ball mill, mixing and proportioning according to the proportion of 20 percent (mass percent) of municipal sludge, 70 percent (mass percent) of coal gangue powder and 10 percent (mass percent) of iron tailings, and then putting the mixture into a stirrer to stir uniformly at a high speed;
s2, preparing cylindrical raw material particles with the diameter of 8-15mm by using an extrusion granulator, and drying in an oven;
s3, conveying the dried ceramsite raw material balls into a rotary kiln (phi 0.4m x 0.6m) heated to 500 ℃, heating to 1100 ℃ from 500 ℃, controlling the rotary kiln speed to be 2r/min, then putting 3% of husk ash to fully wrap the surface of the ceramsite, and controlling the rotary kiln speed to be 2r/min; finally, rapidly heating to 1165 ℃ for calcining for 10min, and controlling the rotating speed of the rotary kiln at 1.5r/min; and taking out the sintered ceramsite from the kiln head, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain a light ceramsite finished product. The ceramsite product obtained in the scheme is characterized in that: the bulk density was 421kg/m3, the barrel pressure strength was 4.8MPa, and the water absorption at 1h was 3.5%.
Example 3
A preparation method of light ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively grinding coal gangue and iron tailings to a certain fineness by using a ball mill, mixing and proportioning according to the proportion of 30 percent (mass percentage) of municipal sludge, 58 percent (mass percentage) of coal gangue powder and 12 percent (mass percentage) of iron tailings, and then putting the mixture into a stirrer to stir uniformly at a high speed;
s2, preparing cylindrical raw material particles with the diameter of 8-15mm by using an extrusion granulator, and drying in an oven;
s3, conveying the dried raw haydite pellets into a rotary kiln (phi 0.4m x 0.6 m) heated to 500 ℃, heating to 1085 ℃ from 500 ℃, controlling the rotary speed of the rotary kiln at 1.5r/min, then adding 5% of husk ash to fully wrap the surface of the haydite, and controlling the rotary speed of the rotary kiln at 2r/min; finally, quickly heating to 1140 ℃ to calcine for 5-10min, and controlling the rotating speed of the rotary kiln at 1.5r/min; and taking out the sintered ceramsite from the kiln head, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain a light ceramsite finished product. The ceramsite product obtained in the scheme is characterized in that: the bulk density was 342kg/m3, the barrel pressure strength was 2.5MPa, and the water absorption at 1h was 6.0%.
Example 4
A preparation method of light ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively grinding coal gangue and iron tailings to a certain fineness by using a ball mill, mixing and proportioning according to the proportion of 18 percent (mass percentage) of municipal sludge, 74 percent (mass percentage) of coal gangue powder and 8 percent (mass percentage) of iron tailings, and then putting the mixture into a stirrer to stir uniformly at a high speed;
s2, preparing cylindrical raw material particles with the diameter of 8-15mm by using an extrusion granulator, and drying in an oven;
s3, conveying the dried raw haydite pellets into a rotary kiln (phi 0.4m x 0.6 m) heated to 500 ℃, heating to 1090 ℃ from 500 ℃, controlling the rotary kiln speed at 1.5r/min, then putting 2.5% of husk ash to fully wrap the surface of the haydite, and controlling the rotary kiln speed at 2.5r/min; finally, quickly heating to 1150 ℃ for calcining for 5-10min, and controlling the rotating speed of the rotary kiln at 1.5r/min; and taking out the sintered ceramsite from the kiln head, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain a light ceramsite finished product. The ceramsite product obtained by the scheme is characterized in that: the bulk density was 260kg/m3, the barrel pressure strength was 3.6MPa, and the water absorption at 1h was 5.2%.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of light ceramsite is characterized by comprising the following steps: the light ceramsite comprises 10-30% of municipal sludge, 58-85% of coal gangue, 5-12% of iron tailings and 1-5% of externally-doped husk ash by mass percentage; wherein the water content of the municipal sludge80 percent; the chemical properties of the iron tailings are as follows: the loss on ignition L.O.I. is 4.5-5.2% and SiO 2 36.1-37.5% of Al 2 O 3 8.2-9.2% of Fe 2 O 3 12.7 to 13.1 percent of CaO, 7.6 to 8.5 percent of CaO, 13.2 to 13.8 percent of MgO, and K 2 0.7-0.9% of O and Na 2 O is 0.8 to 1.0 percent;
the preparation method of the chaff ash comprises the following steps of grinding the chaff until the grain chaff residue with the particle size of 80 mu m is less than or equal to 10 percent; putting the ground rice husks into a high-temperature furnace which is heated to 700-750 ℃, introducing oxygen as combustion-supporting gas, burning for 1-2h, and cooling to normal temperature; then the mixture is subjected to superfine grinding to obtain the product with the specific surface area of 85-95m 2 -g husk ash;
the preparation method of the light ceramsite comprises the following steps,
s1, respectively grinding coal gangue and iron tailings to a certain fineness by using a ball mill; then mixing and batching the municipal sludge, the coal gangue and the iron tailings according to the mass percentage, and uniformly stirring;
s2, firstly, preparing cylindrical raw material particles with the diameter of 8-15mm by using an extrusion granulator, and drying in an oven; s3, feeding the dried raw ceramsite balls into a rotary kiln heated to 500 ℃, heating the raw ceramsite balls to 1080-1100 ℃ from 500 ℃, wherein the heating time is 25-35min, the rotating speed of the rotary kiln is controlled to be 1-2r/min, then, 1-5% of rice husk ash is added to fully wrap the surfaces of the ceramsite balls, and the rotating speed of the rotary kiln is controlled to be 2-3r/min; finally, quickly heating to 1140-1180 ℃ to calcine for 5-10min, and controlling the rotating speed of the rotary kiln at 1-2r/min; taking out the sintered ceramsite from the kiln head, and naturally cooling the ceramsite to the normal temperature; thereby obtaining the finished product of the light ceramsite.
2. The method for preparing light-weight ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: siO in the rice husk ash 2 Content is more than or equal to 90wt%, amorphous SiO 2 The content is more than or equal to 75wt%.
3. The method for preparing light-weight ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the chemical properties of the husk ash are as follows: the ignition loss L.O.I is 1.0-4.0% and SiO is calculated by mass percent 2 90.0-93.5% of Al 2 O 3 0.40-0.60% of Fe 2 O 3 0.20-0.50% of CaO, 0.50-0.70% of CaO, 0.45-0.60% of MgO, K 2 O is 2.3-2.60%, na 2 O is 0.08%.
4. The method for preparing light-weight ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the finished product of the light ceramsite has the characteristics of water absorption rate less than or equal to 6.0 percent, cylinder pressure strength of 2.5-4.8MPa, and bulk density of 260-450kg/m 3 。
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| CN115028433A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-09-09 | 天津城建大学 | Cyanided tailing based sintered-swelling ceramsite and preparation method thereof |
| CN115010508B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-05-23 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing ceramsite green body from iron tailings and coal gangue |
| CN115368043A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-22 | 深圳市衡骏环保科技有限公司 | Recycled lightweight aggregate based on washed sand bottom mud and preparation method thereof |
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| CN117209253B (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-02-09 | 山东恒远利废技术股份有限公司 | Method for preparing ultra-light ceramsite by utilizing gangue to cooperate with solid waste |
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