CN115028433A - Cyanided tailing based sintered-swelling ceramsite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cyanided tailing based sintered-swelling ceramsite and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011455 calcium-silicate brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007255 decyanation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/138—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues from metallurgical processes, e.g. slag, furnace dust, galvanic waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/24—Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/0665—Waste material; Refuse other than vegetable refuse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses cyanide tailing-based sintered and expanded ceramsite and a preparation method thereof. The invention effectively realizes the resource utilization of cyanide tailings, municipal sludge and polluted soil, and the three solid wastes can also obtain higher disposal cost, thus the production cost is low, and the environmental protection benefit and the social benefit are good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramsite production and solid waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to cyanided tailing based sintered expanded ceramsite and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cyaniding tailings are waste tailings after gold extraction by cyaniding, contain heavy metals, residual cyanides, mercury, various flotation reagents and other high-toxicity components, particularly complex ion cyanide radicals are easily converted into highly toxic cyanides due to environmental pH change, and serious pollution is easily caused to the atmosphere, water bodies, soil and the like due to improper treatment. With the continuous development of gold resources in China, the yield and the discharge of cyanidation tailings are increasing day by day, and according to the development report of the solid waste comprehensive utilization industry of the bulk industry in China, the cyanidation tailings are generated by about 2450 million in the gold industry in China every year. In the present stage of China, after the cyanidation tailings reach relevant requirements through decyanation treatment, the cyanidation tailings enter a tailing pond for piling, so that environmental pollution and resource waste are caused. The main components of the cyanidation tailings are silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, and a small amount of calcium oxide, ferric oxide and magnesium oxide, so that the cyanidation tailings can be used as a good mineral raw material for building material production. In recent years, some achievements have been made in the research of preparing building materials such as cement, ceramics, microcrystalline glass, autoclaved sand-lime bricks, permeable bricks, aerated concrete and the like by utilizing cyanide tailings, but some problems still exist, so that the resource utilization rate is low. At present, the resources are gradually exhausted, and the environmental awareness is increasingly strengthened, the development of the utilization technology of the cyanided tailings and the improvement of the resource utilization rate are problems which need to be researched and solved urgently.
The ceramsite is a lightweight aggregate produced by high-temperature foaming in a rotary kiln, has excellent properties of light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation, frost resistance, shock resistance, corrosion resistance, high porosity, strong adsorption capacity, stable chemical property, high compressive strength, good sphericity, smoothness, strong flow conductivity and the like, and is widely used as a fracturing propping agent for building heat preservation, sewage treatment and petrochemical engineering.
Because the main component of the cyanidation tailings is SiO 2 And Al 2 O 3 Meets the basic chemical composition of sintered ceramsite, and has the prior technologySome methods for firing light-weight ceramsite from cyanided tailings are also disclosed, but not many. For example, CN102503366B discloses a method for manufacturing ceramsite from gold tailings powder, which comprises adding 8% -10% of coal powder into gold tailings powder, sintering at 1220-1350 ℃ for 2-2.5 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain ceramsite, but the sintering temperature is too high, and the performance of ceramsite is not explicitly described. CN101580349B discloses a light ceramsite containing carbon and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following steps of using 5-40% of carbon powder, 5-25% of gold tailing powder and 35-70% of fly ash to form main raw materials, wherein the gold tailing powder is soaked in 15-30% of HCl solution in advance, granulating the mixture, sintering the mixture at 1100-1150 ℃ for 90-120 min, and naturally cooling to obtain the light ceramsite containing carbon, but in the technology, the ratio of the gold tailing in the mixture is only 5-25%, the fly ash is used as a main raw material, and the gold tailing powder is soaked in high-concentration HCl solution, so that the cost is high. CN107382359B discloses a method for firing ceramsite by using laterite-type gold tailings and a product thereof, which takes laterite-type gold tailings as a main raw material, is matched with iron tailings accounting for 25% -50% of the mass of the gold tailings and coal powder accounting for 4.5% -8.5% of the mass of the gold tailings, and burns the light ceramsite at 1050-1350 ℃, and fully utilizes the gold tailings and the iron tailings, thereby having the advantages of low baking temperature, short production time, high efficiency and low cost of the light ceramsite.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing cyanide tailing-based sintered-expanded ceramsite and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of cyanided tailing based sintered expanded ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials: selecting dried cyanide tailings, dried municipal sludge and polluted soil;
s2, preparing a mixture: feeding 60-80 parts by mass of cyanide tailings, 5-23 parts by mass of dried municipal sludge and 15-20 parts by mass of contaminated soil into a stirrer, fully and uniformly mixing, adding water, and fully stirring to obtain a mixture;
s3, balling and sieving: feeding the mixture obtained in the step S2 into balling equipment, adjusting and preparing water to ball, screening the manufactured balls, and selecting balls with the diameter of 5-20 mm and the water content of 12-20% as wet raw balls, wherein the percentage is mass percentage;
s4, drying and dehydrating: drying and dehydrating the wet raw material balls in the step S3 to obtain dry raw material balls, wherein the moisture content of the dry raw material balls is less than 2%;
s5, firing: and (5) transferring the dried raw material pellets in the step S4 to a rapid heating furnace, and preheating, roasting and cooling to obtain the sintering expansion ceramsite.
In step S1, the cyanided tailings are rock-type cyanided tailings, and the sum of the contents of silica and alumina is greater than 80% by mass, and the fineness is as follows: the screen residue of a square-hole screen with the thickness of 0.045mm is less than 18 percent, and the screen residue of a square-hole screen with the thickness of 0.080mm is less than 2 percent; the dried municipal sludge is dried sludge from a sewage treatment plant; the polluted soil is prepared by drying and grinding original polluted soil polluted by organic matters or heavy metals, and the fineness of the polluted soil is as follows: the screen residue of the 0.080mm square-hole sieve is less than 10 percent.
Step S4 is: and (5) transferring the wet raw material balls in the step S3 to a drying device, and drying and dehydrating at a drying temperature of 105 +/-5 ℃ for 3-6 h to obtain dry raw material balls.
Step S5 is:
s51, placing the dried raw material balls in the step S4 in a rapid heating furnace, and heating the temperature in the furnace from room temperature to 400-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-15 ℃/min to preheat for 10-30 min;
s52, after preheating is finished, controlling the temperature in the furnace to rise to 1180-1230 ℃ roasting temperature at the temperature rise rate of 20-30 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20-50 min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
and S53, after roasting, taking out the sintered ceramsite S52 from the rapid heating furnace, and placing the sintered ceramsite in air for quenching to obtain the sintered ceramsite.
The cyanided tailing base sintered-expanded ceramsite prepared by the preparation method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) through high-temperature roasting, cyanide in the cyanide tailings, organic pollutants in the municipal sludge, microorganisms, carcinogens and organic pollutants in the polluted soil are fully combusted and decomposed, most heavy metals in the cyanide tailings, the municipal sludge and the polluted soil migrate into flue gas and are recycled through a recycling system, and a small part of heavy metals are stabilized in a glass phase and a crystal lattice of ceramsite, so that three solid wastes of the cyanide tailings, the municipal sludge and the polluted soil are simultaneously harmless.
(2) The method has the advantages that the polluted soil is used for replacing natural clay, the plasticity and the cohesiveness of the mixture are improved while the harmless treatment of the polluted soil is realized, the strength of dry raw material balls is improved, the pore structure of the ceramsite is optimized, and the performance of the ceramsite is improved.
(3) The municipal sludge is doped, so that the roasting temperature of the cyanide tailing-based sintered expanded ceramsite is reduced, the calorific value is provided, and the energy consumption is low.
(4) The three raw materials of cyanide tailings, municipal sludge and polluted soil are all solid wastes, natural raw materials and chemical raw materials are not used, and the environmental protection benefit is better.
(5) No secondary waste is generated in the preparation process of the ceramsite, and the full recycling of three solid wastes, namely cyanided tailings, municipal sludge and polluted soil is realized.
(6) Enterprises can obtain higher disposal cost of cyanide tailings, municipal sludge and polluted soil, and the economic benefit of the enterprises is good.
(7) The municipal sludge and the polluted soil belong to municipal solid wastes, so that the method is more beneficial to the construction of waste-free cities.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of cyanided tailing based sintered-expanded ceramsite.
Fig. 2 is a picture of the cyanided tailing based sintered and expanded ceramsite prepared by the preparation method of the cyanided tailing based sintered and expanded ceramsite.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
In the following embodiments, the dried municipal sludge is municipal sludge of a Yangyang road sewage treatment plant of Tianjin Chuangye environmental protection GmbH, and dried to obtain dry sludge with the water content of less than 2%, and the polluted soil is polluted soil polluted by heavy metal provided by Beijing Jianyu environmental remediation GmbH.
The treatment method of the polluted soil comprises the following steps: drying the original polluted soil, and grinding in a ball mill to obtain the fineness of: 0.080mm square-hole sieve residue of the fine polluted soil powder less than 10 percent.
Example 1
S1, preparing materials: selecting dried cyanide tailings, dried municipal sludge and polluted soil;
s2, preparing a mixture: feeding 73 parts of cyanide tailings, 9 parts of dried municipal sludge and 18 parts of polluted soil into a stirrer according to the parts by mass, fully and uniformly mixing, and adding a proper amount of water to fully stir to obtain a mixture;
s3, ball forming and screening: feeding the mixture obtained in the step S2 into balling equipment, adjusting and preparing water amount to ball, screening the manufactured pellets, and selecting the pellets with the diameter of 5-20 mm and the water content of 17% as wet raw pellets;
s4, drying and dehydrating: and (5) transferring the wet raw material balls in the step (S3) to drying equipment, and drying and dehydrating at the drying temperature of 105 +/-5 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain dry raw material balls, wherein the moisture content of the dry raw material balls is less than 2%.
S5, firing:
s51, placing the dry raw material balls in the step S4 into a rapid heating furnace, and controlling the temperature in the furnace to rise from room temperature to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min and preheating for 30 min;
s52, after preheating is finished, controlling the temperature in the furnace to rise to a roasting temperature of 1220 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 30 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
and S53, after roasting, taking out the roasted ceramsite S52 from the rapid heating furnace, and placing the ceramsite in air for quenching to obtain the sintered ceramsite.
Example 2
S1, preparing materials: selecting dried cyanide tailings, dried municipal sludge and polluted soil;
s2, preparing a mixture: sending 67 parts of cyanide tailings, 17 parts of dried municipal sludge and 16 parts of polluted soil into a stirrer according to the parts by mass, fully and uniformly mixing, adding a proper amount of water, and fully stirring to obtain a mixture;
s3, balling and sieving: feeding the mixture obtained in the step S2 into balling equipment, adjusting and preparing water amount to ball, screening the manufactured pellets, and selecting the pellets with the diameter of 5-20 mm and the water content of 18% as wet raw pellets;
s4, drying and dehydrating: and (5) transferring the wet raw material balls in the step S3 to drying equipment, and drying and dehydrating for 5 hours at a drying temperature of 105 +/-5 ℃ to obtain dry raw material balls, wherein the moisture content of the dry raw material balls is less than 2%.
S5, firing:
s51, placing the dry raw material balls in the step S4 into a rapid heating furnace, and controlling the temperature in the furnace to rise from room temperature to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min to preheat for 20 min;
s52, after preheating is finished, controlling the temperature in the furnace to rise to the roasting temperature of 1210 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 30 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 40min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
and S53, after roasting, taking out the roasted ceramsite S52 from the rapid heating furnace, and placing the ceramsite in the air for quenching to obtain the sintering-expanding ceramsite.
Example 3
S1, preparing materials: selecting dried cyanide tailings, dried municipal sludge and polluted soil;
s2, preparing a mixture: feeding 62 parts of cyanide tailings, 23 parts of dried municipal sludge and 15 parts of polluted soil into a stirrer according to the parts by mass, fully and uniformly mixing, and adding a proper amount of water to fully stir to obtain a mixture;
s3, balling and sieving: feeding the mixture obtained in the step S2 into balling equipment, adjusting and preparing water amount to ball, screening the manufactured pellets, and selecting the pellets with the diameter of 5-20 mm and the water content of 20% as wet raw pellets;
s4, drying and dehydrating: and (4) transferring the wet raw material balls in the step S3 to drying equipment, and drying and dehydrating at the drying temperature of 105 +/-5 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain dry raw material balls, wherein the moisture content of the dry raw material balls is less than 2%.
S5, firing:
s51, placing the dry raw material balls in the step S4 into a rapid heating furnace, and controlling the temperature in the furnace to rise from room temperature to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min to preheat for 10 min;
s52, after preheating is finished, controlling the temperature in the furnace to rise to 1190 ℃ roasting temperature at the temperature rise rate of 20 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 50min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
and S53, after roasting, taking out the roasted ceramsite S52 from the rapid heating furnace, and placing the ceramsite in air for quenching to obtain the sintered ceramsite.
The chemical composition, heavy metal content and properties of the sintered ceramic particles of the present invention are shown in the following specification in table form.
The chemical compositions of the cyanided tailings, the dried municipal sludge and the polluted soil in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical composition of cyanided tailings, dried municipal sludge and contaminated soil (%)
The heavy metal content of the cyanided tailings, the dried municipal sludge and the polluted soil in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention is shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 heavy metal content (mg/kg) of cyanided tailings, dried municipal sludge and contaminated soil
| Solid waste | Zinc (Zn) | Copper (Cu) | Manganese (Mn) | Cadmium (Cd) | Lead (Pb) | Chromium (Cr) | Nickel (Ni) | Arsenic (As) |
| Cyanided tailings | 842.16 | 46.66 | 763 | 12.7 | 1544.57 | 125.23 | 18.79 | 142.39 |
| Mummification municipal sludge | 569.12 | 99.12 | 262 | LD | 40.31 | 107.41 | 59.21 | 24.01 |
| Polluted soil | 206.03 | 102.11 | 1070 | LD | 50.22 | 123.32 | 60.02 | 10.21 |
The performances of the light ceramsite disclosed in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention are shown in the following Table 3.
TABLE 3 properties of the sintered and expanded ceramic grains
| Examples | Apparent density (kg/m) 3 ) | Bulk Density (kg/m) 3 ) | Barrel pressure intensity (MPa) | Water absorption at 1h (%) |
| Example 1 | 1449 | 670 | 3.05 | 1.19 |
| Example 2 | 1423 | 690 | 3.50 | 1.27 |
| Example 3 | 1218 | 630 | 3.11 | 0.30 |
As can be seen from the above Table 3, the cyanide tailing-based sintered-expanded ceramsite in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention meets the performance requirements of the 700 density-grade ceramsite in GB17431.1-2010 (lightweight aggregate and test method thereof).
The heavy metal leaching concentration of the sintered and expanded ceramsite disclosed in examples 1-3 of the invention is shown in the following table 4 and is tested according to GB 5085.3-2007.
TABLE 4 heavy metal concentration in the leachate of the sintered ceramsite
From the above table 4, in the embodiments 1 to 3, the concentration of the heavy metal in the leachate of the light ceramsite is far lower than the limit value of the concentration of the heavy metal in the leachate specified in GB5085.3-2007 (identification standard for hazardous waste, identification for leaching toxicity), and is also lower than the maximum allowable discharge concentration of the heavy metal specified in GB 8978-.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to carry out the same, and the present invention shall not be limited to the embodiments, i.e. the equivalent changes or modifications made within the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the cyanide tailing based sintered expanded ceramsite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing materials: selecting dried cyanide tailings, dried municipal sludge and polluted soil;
s2, preparing a mixture: feeding 60-80 parts by mass of cyanide tailings, 5-23 parts by mass of dried municipal sludge and 15-20 parts by mass of polluted soil into a stirrer, fully and uniformly mixing, adding water, and fully stirring to obtain a mixture;
s3, balling and sieving: feeding the mixture obtained in the step S2 into balling equipment, adjusting and preparing water to ball, screening the manufactured balls, and selecting balls with the diameter of 5-20 mm and the water content of 12-20% as wet raw balls, wherein the percentage is mass percentage;
s4, drying and dehydrating: drying and dehydrating the wet raw material balls in the step S3 to obtain dry raw material balls, wherein the moisture content of the dry raw material balls is less than 2%;
s5, firing: and (5) transferring the dried raw material balls in the step S4 to a rapid heating furnace, and carrying out preheating, roasting and cooling to obtain the sintered and expanded ceramsite.
2. The method for preparing cyanided tailing-based sintered expanded ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the cyanided tailings are rock-type cyanided tailings, the sum of the contents of silica and alumina is more than 80% by mass, and the fineness is as follows: the residue of the square hole sieve with the diameter of 0.045mm is less than 18 percent, and the residue of the square hole sieve with the diameter of 0.080mm is less than 2 percent; the dried municipal sludge is dried sludge from a sewage treatment plant; the polluted soil is prepared by drying and grinding original polluted soil polluted by organic matters or heavy metals, and the fineness of the polluted soil is as follows: the screen residue of the 0.080mm square-hole sieve is less than 10 percent.
3. The method for preparing cyanided tailing based sintered expanded ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is as follows: and (4) transferring the wet raw material balls in the step (S3) to a drying device, and drying and dehydrating at a drying temperature of 105 +/-5 ℃ for 3-6 h to obtain dry raw material balls.
4. The method for preparing cyanided tailing based sintered expanded ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 is as follows:
s51, placing the dried raw material balls in the step S4 in a rapid heating furnace, and heating the temperature in the furnace from room temperature to 400-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-15 ℃/min to preheat for 10-30 min;
s52, after preheating is finished, controlling the temperature in the furnace to rise to 1180-1230 ℃ roasting temperature at the temperature rise rate of 20-30 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20-50 min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
and S53, after the roasting is finished, taking out the sintered ceramsite S52 from the rapid heating furnace, and placing the sintered ceramsite in the air for quenching to obtain the sintering-expanding ceramsite.
5. The cyanide tailing-based sintered expanded ceramsite prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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