CN113735191A - Porous structure ternary precursor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Porous structure ternary precursor and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113735191A
CN113735191A CN202110976700.4A CN202110976700A CN113735191A CN 113735191 A CN113735191 A CN 113735191A CN 202110976700 A CN202110976700 A CN 202110976700A CN 113735191 A CN113735191 A CN 113735191A
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ternary precursor
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porous structure
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朱用
袁超群
褚凤辉
王梁梁
李加闯
贺建军
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Nantong Kington Energy Storage Power New Material Co ltd
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    • C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract

Ternary precursor with porous structure and preparation method thereof, wherein the ternary precursor is NixCoyMnz(OH)2X is more than or equal to 0.70 and less than 0.98, y is more than 0 and less than 0.30, z is more than 0.01 and less than 0.30, and x + y + z = 1. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing Ni, Co and Mn metal liquid; preparing a lithium sulfate solution; preparing a sodium carbonate solution; preparing sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution as a precipitator; preparing an ammonia water solution as a complexing agent; secondly, adding a sodium carbonate solution and a lithium sulfate solution into the synthesis kettle, and reacting to obtain a lithium carbonate solution with the concentration of 2-6 g/L; adding a precipitator and a complexing agent to prepare a base solution, wherein the pH value of the base solution is 11.00-11.80, and the temperature is 55-75 ℃; thirdly, respectively using 50-200 mL of the metal liquid, the precipitator and the complexing agentContinuously adding at a flow rate of/m for coprecipitation, and stopping feeding liquid when the particle size grows to a target particle size; fourthly, introducing carbon dioxide gas, stopping when the pH value reaches 9.20-10.20, and aging for 3-4 hours to obtain a coprecipitation product; fifthly, carrying out filter pressing, washing and drying on the coprecipitation product to obtain the product. The ternary cathode material with the porous structure can relieve the volume expansion of charge and discharge and improve the electrochemical performance.

Description

Porous structure ternary precursor and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery anode materials, in particular to a ternary precursor with a porous structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to solve the environmental protection problem caused by the use of fossil fuel in automobiles, new energy automobiles are receiving attention because of their advantage of green sustainable development. As a power support of a new energy automobile, rapid development of lithium ion batteries drives rapid development of ternary cathode materials. The ternary cathode material has the advantages of high specific capacity, moderate price, low toxicity and relatively abundant resources.
However, the cycling and rate performance of the conventional ternary cathode material is difficult to meet the requirement of a power battery, and the development of a ternary cathode material with good rate performance is urgent. In the process of preparing the ternary precursor, the ternary precursor has a porous structure by adjusting related processes, so that the contact area with the electrolyte is increased, the transmission rate of lithium ions is increased, and the rate performance is improved.
Therefore, how to prepare a ternary precursor having a hollow interior to effectively solve the above problems is an object of the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ternary precursor with a porous structure and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention on the product level is as follows:
a porous structure ternary precursor with a chemical formula of NixCoyMnz(OH)2Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.70 and less than 0.98, y is more than 0 and less than 0.30, z is more than 0.01 and less than 0.30, and x + y + z = 1.
The relevant content in the above technical solution is explained as follows:
1. in the scheme, D50 is 3-5 um, and the tap density is 1.25-1.65g/cm3The specific surface area is 15-30m2/g。
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention in the aspect of the method is as follows:
a preparation method of a ternary precursor with a porous structure comprises the following steps:
preparing Ni, Co and Mn metal liquid; preparing a lithium sulfate solution with the concentration of 6-18 g/L; preparing a sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 8-20 g/L;
preparing sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution as a precipitator;
preparing an ammonia water solution as a complexing agent;
starting stirring of the synthesis kettle, adding the sodium carbonate solution and the lithium sulfate solution into the closed synthesis kettle, and reacting to obtain a lithium carbonate solution, wherein the concentration of the lithium carbonate solution is 2-6 g/L;
adding the precipitant and the complexing agent to prepare a base solution, controlling the pH value of the base solution to be 11.00-11.80 by the precipitant, and maintaining the temperature to be 55-75 ℃;
step three, keeping the stirring of the synthesis kettle open, continuously adding the metal liquid, the precipitator and the complexing agent in the step one into the synthesis kettle at the flow rate of 50-200 mL/min respectively for coprecipitation reaction, and stopping feeding liquid when the metal liquid grows to the target granularity;
step four, introducing carbon dioxide gas into the synthesis kettle, stopping introducing when the pH value reaches 9.20-10.20, and aging for 3-4 hours to obtain a coprecipitation product;
and step five, carrying out filter pressing, washing and drying on the coprecipitation product obtained in the step four to obtain a ternary precursor with a porous structure.
The relevant content in the above technical solution is explained as follows:
1. in the scheme, in the step one, the total molar concentration of Ni, Co and Mn is 1.0-2.0 mol/L.
2. In the scheme, in the step one, the precipitant can be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 20-40%.
3. In the scheme, in the first step, the complexing agent can be an ammonia water solution with the mass fraction of 2-6%.
4. In the above scheme, in the second step, the sodium carbonate solution and the lithium sulfate solution may refer to 1: 1, and the specific input amount is based on ensuring that the concentration of the lithium carbonate is 2-6 g/L.
5. In the scheme, in the second step, the ammonia concentration in the base solution is 0.05-0.35 mol/L.
6. In the scheme, in the third step, the pH value in the reaction process is kept at 11.00-11.80, the reaction temperature is kept at 55-75 ℃, and the rotating speed of the synthesis kettle is 600-800 r/min.
7. In the scheme, in the third step, the target particle size D50 is 3-5 um.
The working principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, sodium carbonate with a certain concentration and lithium sulfate are added into the base solution and react to obtain small lithium carbonate particles, and then the ternary precursor with a porous structure is prepared by adopting a coprecipitation method. Part of small lithium carbonate particles are wrapped in the ternary precursor in the growth process; and introducing carbon dioxide, and adjusting the pH to 9.20-10.20, so that lithium bicarbonate easily soluble in water can be generated, and the dissolution of lithium carbonate enables the interior of the ternary precursor to generate a porous structure. The ternary cathode material with the porous structure can increase the contact area with electrolyte, improve the lithium ion transmission efficiency and improve the multiplying power performance.
2. According to the invention, D50 of 3-5 um and 1.25-1.65g/cm can be obtained through the reaction process conditions of the coprecipitation stage3The specific surface area is 15-30m2A ternary precursor of porous structure.
3. The preparation method has the advantages of reliable process, simplicity, easy operation and easy industrial production.
In conclusion, sodium carbonate with a certain concentration and lithium sulfate are added into the base solution and react to obtain small lithium carbonate particles, and then the ternary cathode material with a porous structure is prepared by a coprecipitation method, wherein the structure can relieve volume expansion generated by charge and discharge, so that the electrochemical performance is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a precursor prepared by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a precursor prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a precursor prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a precursor prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of a precursor prepared in comparative example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a precursor prepared in comparative example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
the present disclosure will be described in detail below, and it is to be understood that variations and modifications can be made by the techniques taught in the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure by those skilled in the art after understanding the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure.
As used herein, the term (terms), unless otherwise indicated, shall generally have the ordinary meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, in this written description and in the claims. Certain words used to describe the disclosure are discussed below or elsewhere in this specification to provide additional guidance to those skilled in the art in describing the disclosure.
Example (b):
a preparation method of a ternary precursor with a porous structure sequentially comprises the following steps:
preparing Ni, Co and Mn metal liquid, wherein the total molar concentration of Ni, Co and Mn is 1.5mol/L, and the molar ratio of Ni, Co and Mn elements is 80:10: 10; preparing a lithium sulfate solution with the concentration of 15 g/L; preparing a sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 18 g/L;
preparing 20-40% by mass of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution as a precipitator;
preparing an ammonia water solution with the mass fraction of 2-6% as a complexing agent;
step two, starting stirring of the synthesis kettle, adding the sodium carbonate solution into the closed synthesis kettle, adding the lithium sulfate solution to react to obtain a lithium carbonate solution, adding the sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution and the ammonia water solution to prepare a base solution, controlling the pH value of the base solution to be 11.00-11.80, maintaining the temperature at 55-75 ℃, and controlling the ammonia concentration of the base solution to be 0.15 mol/L;
step three, keeping stirring of the synthesis kettle to be started, continuously adding the metal liquid, the precipitator and the complexing agent in the step one into the synthesis kettle at the flow rate of 50-200 mL/min respectively to perform coprecipitation reaction, keeping the pH value in the reaction process at 11.00-11.80, keeping the reaction temperature at 55-75 ℃, stopping feeding liquid when the liquid grows to the target granularity, introducing carbon dioxide gas into the synthesis kettle, stopping introducing when the pH value reaches 9.20-10.20, and aging for 3-4 hours to obtain a coprecipitation product;
step four, carrying out filter pressing, washing and drying on the coprecipitation product in the step three to obtain a ternary precursor with a hollow interior, wherein the chemical formula of the product is Ni0.80Co0.10Mn0.10(OH)2D50 is 3.68um, and the tap density is 1.52g/cm3The specific surface area is 17.15m2The data are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1:
the difference from the example is that the concentration of lithium carbonate prepared in the second step is different, and in this comparative example, sodium carbonate and lithium sulfate are not added, and the rest is exactly the same as example 1. The obtained precursor was washed and dried, and the relevant data are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2:
the difference from the example is that the lithium carbonate concentration prepared in the first step is different, the lithium carbonate concentration in the comparative example is 10g/L, and the rest is the same as that in the example 1. The obtained precursor was washed and dried, and the relevant data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Final product data for the products obtained in the examples
Figure 60665DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Comparing the data of each example in table 1 shows that: as the concentration of lithium carbonate increases, the tap density of the resulting product decreases gradually, while the specific surface area of the product increases. Furthermore, the lithium carbonate concentration has no significant effect on the particle size of the final product.
Fig. 1 to 6 are a field emission electron microscope image and a cross-sectional electron microscope image of the products prepared in example, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, respectively, and it can be seen from the images that the introduction of carbon dioxide can effectively dissolve lithium carbonate to form a porous structure. With the increase of the content of lithium carbonate in the solution, the pores of the product are gradually increased, and the structure of the product becomes looser and looser. Too loose structure can lead to reduced machinability of the ternary precursor, which is prone to fracture. Therefore, the amount of lithium carbonate added needs to be controlled within an appropriate range.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A porous structured ternary precursor characterized by: has a chemical formula of NixCoyMnz(OH)2Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.70 and less than 0.98, y is more than 0 and less than 0.30, z is more than 0.01 and less than 0.30, and x + y + z = 1.
2. The ternary precursor according to claim 1, wherein: d50 is 3-5 um, and the tap density is 1.25-1.65g/cm3The specific surface area is 15-30m2/g。
3. A preparation method of a porous structure ternary precursor is characterized by comprising the following steps: for preparing the ternary precursor of claim 1;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
preparing Ni, Co and Mn metal liquid; preparing a lithium sulfate solution with the concentration of 6-18 g/L; preparing a sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 8-20 g/L;
preparing sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution as a precipitator;
preparing an ammonia water solution as a complexing agent;
starting stirring of the synthesis kettle, adding the sodium carbonate solution and the lithium sulfate solution into the closed synthesis kettle, and reacting to obtain a lithium carbonate solution, wherein the concentration of the lithium carbonate solution is 2-6 g/L;
adding the precipitant and the complexing agent to prepare a base solution, controlling the pH value of the base solution to be 11.00-11.80 by the precipitant, and maintaining the temperature to be 55-75 ℃;
step three, keeping the stirring of the synthesis kettle open, continuously adding the metal liquid, the precipitator and the complexing agent in the step one into the synthesis kettle at the flow rate of 50-200 mL/min respectively for coprecipitation reaction, and stopping feeding liquid when the metal liquid grows to the target granularity;
step four, introducing carbon dioxide gas into the synthesis kettle, stopping introducing when the pH value reaches 9.20-10.20, and aging for 3-4 hours to obtain a coprecipitation product;
and step five, carrying out filter pressing, washing and drying on the coprecipitation product obtained in the step four to obtain a ternary precursor with a porous structure.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the first step, the total molar concentration of Ni, Co and Mn is 1.0-2.0 mol/L.
5. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the second step, the ammonia concentration in the base solution is 0.05-0.35 mol/L.
6. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: and in the third step, the pH value in the reaction process is kept at 11.00-11.80, the reaction temperature is kept at 55-75 ℃, and the rotating speed of the synthesis kettle is 600-800 r/min.
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Cited By (1)

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CN115140782A (en) * 2022-04-27 2022-10-04 南通金通储能动力新材料有限公司 Lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material precursor with core-shell structure and preparation method thereof
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Application publication date: 20211203