CN106882783A - A kind of method of the nitrogenous sulphur multi-stage porous charcoal of Solid phase synthesis - Google Patents
A kind of method of the nitrogenous sulphur multi-stage porous charcoal of Solid phase synthesis Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract
The present invention relates to one kind based on schiff bases chemistry, the synthetic method of the hetero atom porous charcoal such as nitrogenous, sulphur is prepared using solid phase method in situ.Using the schiff base reaction between the fragrant cyclics (melamine, p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid etc.) containing amino and aldehydes containing aromatic ring (terephthalaldehyde, m-terephthal aldehyde or 4,4' diphenyl-dimethanal), nitrogenous, sulphur polymer is generated.By the gas-solid phase reaction between reducing atmosphere and lithia such as hydrocarbon of generation during Polymer-pyrolysis, in-situ preparation carbonate removes template and obtains the alveolate texture porous carbon material such as nitrogenous, sulphur as the template for preparing Carbon Materials, pickling.The method of the invention preparation method is simple to operate, device simple, reaction in-situ generates template, and then can obtain loose structure Carbon Materials, and the heteroatomic hierarchical porous structure Carbon Materials such as the adjustable nitrogenous, sulphur of morphology controllable, pore passage structure can be prepared by regulating and controlling experiment parameter.
Description
Technical field
The preparation method of nitrogenous, sulphur multi-stage porous charcoal the present invention relates to a kind of Solid phase synthesis, using this process
Cellular nitrogenous, sulphur multi-stage artery structure Carbon Materials can be synthesized, belong to new Heteroatom doping carbon material system
Standby and its application of electrode field.
Background technology
Porous charcoal is in the range of the space scales such as nano-micrometre, with ultramicron and superficiality solid property
Porous carbonaceous material, the porous carbon material of nanostructured, its pore passage structure and surface chemistry are orientable to be adjusted
Become, it is shown good application prospect in fields such as sorbing material, catalyst carrier and electrode materials.
In electrode material application field, foramen magnum-mesoporous-micropore tandem type multi-stage porous block structure charcoal is thought in research
Material can effectively improve the ion transportation of electrode, meanwhile, the skeleton structure of Carbon Materials insertion is effectively carried
The transmission speed of electronics high.Therefore, the pattern and pore passage structure to Carbon Materials regulate and control, can be effective
Improve its chemical property.The preparation method of the multilevel hole material of current report is generally subject to synthesis cycle long；
Synthetic method is complicated；Special technological requirement (CO2Supercritical drying etc.)；Need to consume a large amount of solvents, it is acyclic
Border close friend etc. limits.People use hard template method, and the pattern and pore structure of Carbon Materials can be prepared with Effective Regulation.
Although the method can prepare the hierarchical porous structure material with ad hoc structure Yu pattern, cumbersome preparation
Process limits its scale application.Therefore, a kind of simple efficient preparation method is developed particularly necessary.Profit
Simple solid phase reaction is used, by the chemical action between charcoal source and template presoma, the step of reaction in-situ one is obtained
The composite construction of charcoal and template is obtained, porous carbon material can be efficiently and rapidly prepared.
The surface chemical property of Carbon Materials influences the performance in its application of electrode field, and usual people are using post processing
Mode introducing hetero-atoms functional group in Carbon Materials, such as by ammonia high-temperature activation porous carbon material, preparation contains
Nitrogen porous carbon material.The content of post processing mode introducing hetero-atoms functional group in charcoal skeleton is relatively low, and official
The surface for being distributed only over Carbon Materials can be rolled into a ball, distribution uniformity is poor.By to being made in Carbon Materials processing procedure
A large amount of toxic gases, make this preparation process not environment friendly.Drawn in carbon surface by post processing mode
While entering heteroatom functional group, can also certain destruction be caused to the original pore passage structure of Carbon Materials and pattern.
This method preparation condition controllability is relatively poor, the surface distribution uniformity of the hetero atom of introducing in Carbon Materials
Also it is poor.Therefore need the simple synthesis technique of development badly, be to synthesize the modified porous carbon material of hetero atom
Target, simplifies preparation method.
Amine with melamine as representative is a kind of triazines nitrogen heterocyclic ring organic compound, is used as chemical industry
Raw material, prepares melmac, can be used for plastics and coatings industry.Melmac has because of it simultaneously
There is abundant nitrogen-containing functional group, by carbonizing pyrolysis processing, nitrogenous Carbon Materials can be obtained.Usual this kind of charcoal
The preparation of material needs the mode for first passing around complexity to obtain melmac, while the Carbon Materials for preparing
The controllability of pore structure and pattern is also poor.Thus how simple synthesizing mean is used, using trimerization
The fragrant cyclics containing amino such as cyanamide, prepare with containing many of heteroatom functional group morphology controllable
Level pore passage structure Carbon Materials are current problems to be solved.
The content of the invention
The heteroatomic multi-stage artery structure such as nitrogenous, sulphur is prepared it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of solid phase method
The preparation method of Carbon Materials.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：With the fragrant cyclics containing amino and
Aldehyde containing aromatic ring is raw material, is chemically reacted by the schiff bases between amino and aldehyde radical, prepares nitrogenous, sulphur polymerization
Gas-solid phase reaction between the hydrocarbon produced during thing, lithia and Polymer-pyrolysis generates its carbon
Hydrochlorate, is formed in situ the template for preparing porous carbon material, through high temperature pyrolysis and pickling remove template be obtained it is nitrogenous,
The cellular hierarchical porous structure Carbon Materials of sulphur.Carbon Materials prepared by the technology have the foramen magnum-mesoporous-micropore of insertion,
Containing abundant nitrogenous, Liu Deng functional groups, modified surface chemical property is shown.
A kind of Solid phase synthesis are nitrogenous, the preparation method of sulphur hierarchical porous structure charcoal, and the preparation method step is as follows：
With solid, fragrant cyclics and solid aromatic ring aldehyde containing amino are carried out solid phase mixing as raw material.
Meanwhile, the lithia of certain mass is weighed, it is ground in the above-mentioned solid mixture of addition.In uniform temperature
There is polymerisation in lower amino and aldehyde radical, and pyrolysis charring is carried out under argon gas atmosphere uniform temperature.Using
Acid solution removes the carbonate in gained solid mixture, that is, obtain nitrogenous, sulphur hierarchical porous structure Carbon Materials.
In preparation method, fragrant cyclics of the solid containing amino are p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid or melamine
Deng one kind of amine or two kinds of mixtures
In preparation method, the aromatic ring aldehyde is 0.5~5 with the mol ratio of the fragrant cyclics containing amino:1,
Wherein aromatic ring aldehyde is the one kind in terephthalaldehyde, m-terephthal aldehyde or 4,4'- diphenyl-dimethanals or two kinds of mixing
Thing.
In preparation method, the oxide is 50~8 with the mol ratio of the fragrant cyclics containing amino:1,
The oxide for wherein using is lithia.
The polymerization uses 90 DEG C~200 DEG C 2~24h that are polymerized, 450 DEG C~700 DEG C with charing program
0.5~6h of charing.The pickling removes carbonate process, using the water and ethanol solution (3 of 10% hydrochloric acid:1
Volume ratio) 60 DEG C remove carbonate 24h, washing, 90 DEG C dry 24h.The cellular nitrogenous, sulphur is more
The specific surface area of hole charcoal is 500~1200m2g-1。
Excellent part of the invention is：The fragrant cyclics and solid aromatic ring aldehyde of amino are contained as raw material with solid,
By the schiff bases polymerisation between amino and aldehyde radical, solid phase method prepares polymer, and using metal oxidation
Gas-solid phase reaction between the hydrocarbon generated during thing and Polymer-pyrolysis, in-situ preparation metal oxygen
The carbonate of compound, the carbonate can be removed as the template for preparing porous carbon material by follow-up pickling
Template, can obtain nitrogenous, sulphur hierarchical porous structure Carbon Materials.The method utilizes simple solid phase method, can make
The hierarchical porous structure Carbon Materials of standby morphology controllable.By to the fragrant cyclics containing amino and aldehyde mol ratio and
The modulation of fragrant cyclics and metal oxide mol ratio containing amino, the shape of Effective Regulation gained Carbon Materials
Looks and pore structure；Simultaneously as the fragrant cyclics containing amino have abundant nitrogen-containing functional group, pass through
Amino can obtain the aromatic ring polymer with abundant nitrogen-containing functional group with the schiff bases polymerisation of aldehyde radical, enter
And the hierarchical porous structure Carbon Materials of abundant nitrogen-containing functional group can be prepared.The present invention breaks through conventional hard template method
The thinking of porous charcoal is prepared, is conveniently and efficiently obtained with cellular three-dimensional multistage is pore structural nitrogenous, sulphur
Carbon Materials.Prepared Carbon Materials as lithium ion battery negative material, because of its good electron conduction and
Unique appearance structure, shows good chemical property.Have 1035 under 100mA g-1 current densities
mAh g-1Reversible specific capacity, 15 times circulation after still have 976mAh g-1Stabilization specific capacity.
Compared to existing technology, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. the complicated synthetic method that traditional hard template method prepares Carbon Materials is broken through, and efficiently solid phase easy to use is anti-
A step is answered to prepare nitrogenous, sulphur porous carbon material.The method is based on fragrant cyclics and aromatic ring aldehyde containing amino
Schiff bases chemistry between class, and using the hydrocarbon and metal oxygen produced during Polymer-pyrolysis
Compound carries out carbonate that gas-solid phase reaction is formed in situ as the template of synthesis Carbon Materials, conveniently and efficiently makes
The cellular hierarchical porous structure Carbon Materials of standby nitrogenous, sulphur.This cellular hierarchical porous structure Carbon Materials, in electrode
Application field has quick ion transportation, the cellular skeleton due to it with coherent 5nm or so
Structure, further improves its electronic conductivity.
2. regulation and control contain the fragrant cyclics and aldehydes and fragrant cyclics and metal containing amino of amino
The mol ratio of oxide, the pattern and pore structure of Effective Regulation Carbon Materials, due to the cellular skeleton of its uniqueness
Structure, makes it have the series multistage Pore Characteristics of foramen magnum-mesoporous-micropore.Due to polymeric precursor used
Containing functional groups such as abundant nitrogenous or sulfur-bearings, thus the cellular hierarchical porous structure Carbon Materials for preparing, have
Enrich nitrogenous, Liu Deng functional groups, the surface chemical property of Effective Regulation Carbon Materials.
3. it is the reversible ratio first as lithium ion battery negative material with the hierarchical porous structure charcoal of present invention synthesis
Capacity is 1035mAh g-1, in 100mAg-1Specific capacity reaches 798mAh g after lower 35 circulations of current density-1
More than, with good cyclical stability, and application prospect well.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is cellular nitrogenous, sulphur multi-stage porous charcoal the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph prepared by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is cellular nitrogenous, sulphur multi-stage porous charcoal the N2 adsorption curve map prepared by the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that cellular nitrogenous, sulphur multi-stage porous charcoal the lithium ion battery negative circulation prepared by the present invention is steady
Qualitative figure.
Specific embodiment
The following examples can make one of ordinary skill in the art be more fully understood the present invention, but not appointing
What form limitation present invention.
Embodiment 1
0.6g melamines and 0.7g terephthalaldehydes are taken, mixing is ground in mortar, meanwhile,
Take 0.6g lithias, and add it to above-mentioned solid mixture, grind 30min.This solid is mixed
Compound under inert atmosphere protection, 3 DEG C of min-1It is warming up to 150 DEG C, constant temperature 240min, then equally to rise
Warm speed is warmed up to 550 DEG C, constant temperature 240min.Using the water and ethanol solution of the hydrochloric acid of mass concentration 10%
(3:1 volume ratio) 60 DEG C of pickling 24h, then wash 90 DEG C and dry 24h.
The ESEM of this example gained porous carbon material is as shown in Figure 1.Sample has similar cellular pattern special
Property, the honeycomb structure wall thickness of insertion is 5nm or so, and prepared hierarchical porous structure charcoal has 80~200
The macropore of nm.Gained multi-stage artery structure is nitrogenous, sulphur Carbon Materials have 583.6m2g-1Specific surface area, figure
2 is its N2 adsorption curve.
Embodiment 2
0.6g melamines and 0.7g m-terephthal aldehydes are taken, mixing is ground in mortar, meanwhile,
Take 2.1g lithias, and add it to above-mentioned solid mixture, grind 30min.This solid is mixed
Compound under inert atmosphere protection, 3 DEG C of min-1It is warming up to 100 DEG C, constant temperature 240min, then equally to rise
Warm speed is warmed up to 600 DEG C, constant temperature 240min.Using the water and ethanol solution (3 of 10% hydrochloric acid:1 body
Product ratio) 60 DEG C of pickling 24h, then wash 90 DEG C and dry 24h.
Embodiment 3
The nitrogenous porous charcoal of block prepared by Example 1, as the negative material of lithium ion battery.By charcoal,
Acetylene black and PVDF in mass ratio 8:1:1 grinding, after adding appropriate 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE well mixed,
Coating prepares pole piece on aluminium foil.By electrode slice (size 1cm × 1cm, about 25~50 μ m-thicks) lithium
Piece and barrier film, are assembled into button cell, and test its electrification under the multiplying power current density of 100mA g-1
Learn performance.Fig. 3 is the electrochemical cycle stability linearity curve of material.Reversible specific capacity is 1035mAh g first-1,
Specific capacity reaches 798mAh g after 35 circulations-1More than, with good cyclical stability.
Claims (10)
1. the method for the nitrogenous sulphur multi-stage porous charcoal of a kind of Solid phase synthesis, it is characterised in that：With the aromatic ring containing amino
Class compound and aldehyde containing aromatic ring are raw material, are chemically reacted by the schiff bases between amino and aldehyde radical, and preparation contains
Nitrogen, sulphur polymer；Gas-solid between the hydrocarbon and lithia that are produced during Polymer-pyrolysis is opposite
Should generate lithium carbonate, the lithium carbonate of reaction in-situ generation as the template for preparing porous carbon material, through pickling
Removing template can prepare nitrogenous, sulfur heteroatom cellular multi-stage artery structure Carbon Materials.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Specific steps include：First will
Fragrant cyclics containing amino, aldehyde containing aromatic ring, lithia solid powder are ground mixing, low temperature polymerization
Carbonized through high temperature pyrolysis again afterwards, the carbonate that course of reaction is generated is removed through acid, nitrogenous, sulfur heteroatom is obtained
Multi-stage artery structure block Carbon Materials.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Aromatic ring class containing amino used
Compound is p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, one kind of melamine or two kinds of mixtures；Aldehyde containing aromatic ring used is to benzene two
Formaldehyde, one kind of m-terephthal aldehyde or 4,4'- diphenyl-dimethanals or two kinds of mixtures.
4. the preparation method according to claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterised in that：Contain in solid mixture
Aromatic ring class aldehyde is 0.5~5 with the mol ratio of the fragrant cyclics containing amino:1；In mixture lithia with contain
The mol ratio of the fragrant cyclics of amino is 50~8:1.
5. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：To contain amino using mortar
Fragrant cyclics, aldehyde containing aromatic ring, lithia solid powder be ground 0.5~1h of mixing.
6. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：Solid mixture is in inertia
Low temperature polymerization is carried out under atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon gas, using 2~5 DEG C of min-1Heating rate by room temperature liter
It it is 90 DEG C~200 DEG C to polymerization temperature, polymerization time is 2~24h.
7. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：Charing pyrolysis procedure is to adopt
With 2~5 DEG C of min-1Heating rate 450 DEG C~700 DEG C, constant temperature 0.5h are risen to by room temperature or polymerization temperature
~6h.
8. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：Remove the carbonate of generation
The acid that template is used is one or two or more kinds in hydrochloric acid or salpeter solution, the solvent that solution is used for water and
One kind in ethanol or two kinds, the mass concentration of acid is 10%~30%, in preparing the water and alcohol solvent of acid solution
The volume ratio of water and ethanol is 3~6:1.
9. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：The multi-stage porous refer to big
The pore passage structure of hole-mesoporous-micropore series connection, wherein macropore refers to the duct more than 50nm, it is mesoporous refer to 2~
The duct of 50nm, micropore refers to the duct less than 2nm；Prepared Carbon Materials have 80~200nm
Macropore, macropore pore volume be 1.5~2.5cm3 g-1, with the mesoporous of 20~50nm, mesoporous pore volume is
0.2~0.6cm3 g-1, the micropore with 0.4-0.8nm integrated distributions, Micropore volume is about 0.2~0.5
cm3 g-1。
10. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：Gained is nitrogenous, sulphur etc. is miscellaneous
Atom modified hierarchical porous structure Carbon Materials can be used to prepare lithium ion battery electrode material.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108689408A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-10-23 | 南昌大学 | A kind of method that solventless method prepares high nitrogen porous carbon polymer precursor |
| CN110212205A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-09-06 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | A kind of method that ball-milling method combination pyrolysis prepares elctro-catalyst |
| CN111009652A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-14 | 河北工业大学 | Sulfur/melamine-based porous framework composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111333836A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-26 | 江苏科技大学 | Porous covalent organic polymer based on melamine, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111627725A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-04 | 刘庆信 | N, S co-doped porous carbon electrode material with adjustable pore space and preparation method thereof |
| CN112480345A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-03-12 | 厦门大学 | Metal salt @ ammonia aldehyde polymer nanosphere, preparation method and application |
| CN113248672A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-13 | 安徽大学 | Schiff base polymer electrode material with increased capacity in circulation process and preparation method thereof |
| CN113735191A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-03 | 南通金通储能动力新材料有限公司 | Porous structure ternary precursor and preparation method thereof |
| CN114031737A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-02-11 | 四川金象赛瑞化工股份有限公司 | Large-size melamine-based covalent organic framework material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114715881A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-07-08 | 浙江工业大学 | Waste plastic derived nano porous carbon material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114843114A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-08-02 | 深圳市今朝时代股份有限公司 | Nitrogen-doping-based electrode material and application thereof to supercapacitor |
| WO2023015561A1 (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2023-02-16 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrochemical device and electronic device |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108689408B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2022-03-22 | 南昌大学 | Method for preparing high-nitrogen porous carbon polymer precursor by solvent-free method |
| CN108689408A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-10-23 | 南昌大学 | A kind of method that solventless method prepares high nitrogen porous carbon polymer precursor |
| CN110212205A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-09-06 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | A kind of method that ball-milling method combination pyrolysis prepares elctro-catalyst |
| CN111009652A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-14 | 河北工业大学 | Sulfur/melamine-based porous framework composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111333836A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-26 | 江苏科技大学 | Porous covalent organic polymer based on melamine, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111627725A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-04 | 刘庆信 | N, S co-doped porous carbon electrode material with adjustable pore space and preparation method thereof |
| CN112480345A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-03-12 | 厦门大学 | Metal salt @ ammonia aldehyde polymer nanosphere, preparation method and application |
| CN112480345B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-09-24 | 厦门大学 | Metal salt @ ammonia aldehyde polymer nanosphere, preparation method and application |
| CN113248672A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-13 | 安徽大学 | Schiff base polymer electrode material with increased capacity in circulation process and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023015561A1 (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2023-02-16 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrochemical device and electronic device |
| CN113735191A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-03 | 南通金通储能动力新材料有限公司 | Porous structure ternary precursor and preparation method thereof |
| CN114031737A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-02-11 | 四川金象赛瑞化工股份有限公司 | Large-size melamine-based covalent organic framework material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114715881A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-07-08 | 浙江工业大学 | Waste plastic derived nano porous carbon material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114715881B (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2023-09-08 | 浙江工业大学 | Waste plastic derived nano porous carbon material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114843114A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-08-02 | 深圳市今朝时代股份有限公司 | Nitrogen-doping-based electrode material and application thereof to supercapacitor |
| CN114843114B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-25 | 深圳市今朝时代股份有限公司 | Nitrogen-doping-based electrode material and application thereof to supercapacitor |
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