CN113683129B - Novel small-particle ternary precursor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel small-particle ternary precursor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113683129B CN113683129B CN202110976635.5A CN202110976635A CN113683129B CN 113683129 B CN113683129 B CN 113683129B CN 202110976635 A CN202110976635 A CN 202110976635A CN 113683129 B CN113683129 B CN 113683129B
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Abstract
Novel small-particle ternary precursor and preparation method thereof, wherein the ternary precursor is Ni x Co y Mn z (OH) 2 X is more than or equal to 0.50 and less than 0.98,0, y is less than 0.50, z is more than 0.01 and less than 0.50, and x+y+z=1. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1. preparing Ni, co and Mn metal liquid; preparing sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution as a precipitator; preparing ammonia water solution as complexing agent; 2. adding alumina particles serving as seed crystals into a synthesis kettle, adding a precipitator, pure water and a complexing agent to prepare a base solution, controlling the pH value of the base solution to be 11.00-11.60, and controlling the temperature to be 40-60 ℃; alumina particles in the base solution are 0.2-1.2 g/L; 3. continuously adding the metal liquid, the precipitant and the complexing agent into a synthesis kettle at a flow rate of 200-800 mL/min for coprecipitation, and stopping liquid feeding when the metal liquid grows to a target granularity; then adjusting the temperature to 70-80 ℃, controlling the pH value to be kept at 12.50-13.50, and aging for 3-4 hours to obtain a coprecipitation product; 4. and carrying out filter pressing, washing and drying on the coprecipitation product to obtain the product. According to the invention, the volume expansion generated by charge and discharge can be relieved by preparing the ternary positive electrode material with hollow inside, so that the electrochemical performance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery anode materials, in particular to a novel small-particle ternary precursor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rapid development of new energy automobiles drives the rapid increase of the demand of the lithium ion battery anode material, in particular to the power type anode material. Among the numerous positive electrode materials, ternary materials are known as the preferred materials for lithium batteries, particularly power ternary positive electrode materials, because of their low cost and stable performance.
Although the ternary positive electrode material has a plurality of advantages, the ternary positive electrode material still has some defects to be solved. For example, the ternary positive electrode material is easy to generate larger volume change in the charge and discharge process, so that primary particles in the material are crushed and dissolved, and further the capacity is quickly attenuated, particularly under the condition of high-current charge and discharge. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of the ternary positive electrode material, the prepared ternary precursor with hollow inside can effectively relieve the volume change in the charge and discharge process, increase the contact area with electrolyte, improve the transmission efficiency of lithium ions and improve the rate capability.
Therefore, how to prepare ternary precursors with hollow interiors to effectively solve the above problems is the subject of the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel small-particle ternary precursor and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
novel small-particle ternary precursor with chemical formula of Ni x Co y Mn z (OH) 2 Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.50 and less than 0.98,0, y is more than or equal to 0.50, z is more than 0.01 and less than 0.50, and x+y+z=1.
The relevant content explanation in the technical scheme is as follows:
1. in the scheme, the D50 is 3-5 um, and the tap density is 1.45-1.95 g/cm 3 Specific surface area of 10-25 m 2 /g。
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the method level of the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the novel small-particle ternary precursor comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing Ni, co and Mn metal liquid;
preparing sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution as a precipitator;
preparing ammonia water solution as complexing agent;
step two, adding alumina particles serving as seed crystals into a closed synthesis kettle, adding the precipitant, pure water and the complexing agent to prepare base solution, controlling the pH value of the base solution to be 11.00-11.60 through the precipitant, and maintaining the temperature at 40-60 ℃; alumina particles in the base solution are 0.2-1.2 g/L;
step three, keeping a synthesis kettle stirring and opening, continuously adding the metal liquid, the precipitant and the complexing agent in the step one into the synthesis kettle at a flow rate of 200-800 mL/min respectively to perform coprecipitation reaction, and stopping liquid feeding when the metal liquid grows to a target granularity;
then, regulating the temperature of the synthesis kettle to 70-80 ℃, and controlling the pH to be kept at 12.50-13.50 through the precipitant for ageing for 3-4 hours to obtain a coprecipitation product;
and step four, carrying out filter pressing, washing and drying on the coprecipitation product in the step three to obtain a ternary precursor with a hollow interior.
The relevant content explanation in the technical scheme is as follows:
1. in the above scheme, in the first step, the total molar concentration of Ni, co and Mn is 1.5-2.5 mol/L.
2. In the above scheme, in the first step, the precipitant may be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 20-40%.
3. In the above scheme, in the first step, the complexing agent may be an ammonia solution with a mass fraction of 2% -6%.
4. In the above scheme, in the second step, the particle size of the alumina particles is 0.6-1.2 um.
5. In the above scheme, in the second step, the ammonia concentration of the base solution is 0.10-0.40 mol/L.
6. In the scheme, the pH value in the reaction process in the step three is kept at 11.00-11.60, the reaction temperature is kept at 40-60 ℃, and the rotating speed of the synthesis kettle is 500-700 r/min.
7. In the above scheme, in the third step, the target particle size, i.e. D50, is 3-5 um.
The working principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention adopts the alumina particles as seed crystals and adopts the coprecipitation method to prepare ternary precursor with core-shell structure. The temperature of the synthesis kettle is kept at 70-80 ℃, the pH is adjusted to 12.50-13.50, aluminum oxide in the ternary precursor can be rapidly dissolved to form a hollow structure, and aging is carried out for 3-4 hours to completely dissolve the aluminum oxide in the ternary precursor. The internal hollow ternary positive electrode material can increase the contact area with electrolyte, improve the lithium ion transmission efficiency and improve the rate capability.
2. The invention can obtain the D50 of 3-5 um and the tap density of 1.45-1.95 g/cm through the reaction process conditions of the coprecipitation stage 3 Specific surface area of 10-25 m 2 /g of an internally hollow ternary precursor.
3. The preparation method has the advantages of reliable process, simplicity, easy operation and easy industrial production.
In conclusion, the internal hollow ternary positive electrode material prepared by the method can relieve the volume expansion generated by charge and discharge, so that the electrochemical performance is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a precursor prepared according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a precursor prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a precursor prepared according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a precursor prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
the following detailed description will clearly illustrate the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various changes and modifications can be made in the technology taught herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.
The term (terms) as used herein generally has the ordinary meaning of each term as used in this field, in this disclosure, and in the special context, unless otherwise noted. Certain terms used to describe the present disclosure are discussed below, or elsewhere in this specification, to provide additional guidance to those skilled in the art in connection with the description herein.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the small-particle ternary precursor sequentially comprises the following steps of:
preparing Ni, co and Mn metal liquid, wherein the total molar concentration of Ni, co and Mn is 1.8mol/L, and the molar ratio of Ni, co and Mn elements is 60:10:30;
preparing a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 20-40% as a precipitant;
preparing an ammonia water solution with the mass fraction of 2-6% as a complexing agent;
step two, adding alumina particles with the granularity of 0.9um into a closed synthesis kettle as seed crystals, wherein the concentration of the seed crystals is 0.3g/L, adding sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, pure water and ammonia water solution to prepare base solution, controlling the pH value of the base solution to be 11.00-11.60, and maintaining the temperature at 40-60 ℃ and the ammonia concentration in the base solution to be 0.25mol/L;
step three, keeping a synthesis kettle stirring and opening, continuously adding the metal liquid, the precipitant and the complexing agent in the step one into the synthesis kettle at a flow rate of 200-800 mL/min respectively to perform coprecipitation reaction, keeping the pH value in the reaction process at 11.00-11.60, keeping the reaction temperature at 40-60 ℃, keeping the rotating speed of the synthesis kettle at 550r/min, stopping feeding liquid when the target granularity is grown, adjusting the temperature of the synthesis kettle to 70-80 ℃, and aging the mixture until the pH value is 12.50-13.50, and aging for 3-4 hours to obtain a coprecipitation product;
step four, the coprecipitation product in the step three is subjected to filter pressing, washing and drying to obtain a ternary precursor with a hollow inside, wherein the chemical formula of the product is Ni 0.60 Co 0.10 Mn 0.30 (OH) 2 D50 is 4.52um, tap density is 1.75g/cm 3 Specific surface area of 12.35m 2 And/g, the relevant data are shown in Table 1.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the small-particle ternary precursor sequentially comprises the following steps of:
preparing Ni, co and Mn metal liquid, wherein the total molar concentration of Ni, co and Mn is 1.8mol/L, and the molar ratio of Ni, co and Mn elements is 82:6:12;
preparing a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 20-40% as a precipitant;
preparing an ammonia water solution with the mass fraction of 2-6% as a complexing agent;
step two, adding alumina particles with the granularity of 0.8um into a closed synthesis kettle as seed crystals, wherein the concentration of the seed crystals is 0.25g/L, adding sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, pure water and ammonia water solution to prepare base solution, controlling the pH value of the base solution to be 11.00-11.60, and maintaining the temperature at 40-60 ℃ and the ammonia concentration in the base solution to be 0.32mol/L;
step three, keeping a synthesis kettle stirring and opening, continuously adding the metal liquid, the precipitator and the complexing agent in the step one into the synthesis kettle at a flow rate of 200-800 mL/min respectively to perform coprecipitation reaction, keeping the pH value in the reaction process at 11.00-11.60, keeping the reaction temperature at 40-60 ℃, keeping the rotating speed of the synthesis kettle at 650r/min, stopping feeding liquid when the metal liquid grows to the target granularity, adjusting the temperature of the synthesis kettle to 70-80 ℃, and aging the metal liquid until the pH value reaches 12.50-13.50, wherein the pH value is aged for 3-4 h;
step four, the coprecipitation product in the step three is subjected to filter pressing, washing and drying to obtain a ternary precursor with a hollow inside, wherein the chemical formula of the product is Ni 0.82 Co 0.06 Mn 0.12 (OH) 2 D50 is 3.56um, tap density is 1.57g/cm 3 A specific surface area of 18.26m 2 And/g, the relevant data are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 data on the final product of the products obtained in each example
Comparing the data of each example in table 1, it can be seen that: under the condition that the granularity of the alumina is similar, the tap of the product has a certain positive correlation with the granularity of the alumina, and the specific surface area of the product is inversely correlated.
Fig. 1 to 4 are a field emission electron microscope image and a cross-sectional electron microscope image of the products prepared in example 1 and example 2, respectively, and it can be seen from the figures that the alumina inside the ternary precursor is completely dissolved under the condition of higher pH, and the hollow structure is formed inside the ternary precursor. Since the alumina used in example 1 had a larger particle size than that of example 2, the internal pores of example 1 were larger than that of example 2, which also demonstrates that the size of the alumina particle determines the internal pore size of the ternary precursor.
The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a novel small-particle ternary precursor is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing Ni, co and Mn metal liquid;
preparing sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution as a precipitator;
preparing ammonia water solution as complexing agent;
step two, adding alumina particles serving as seed crystals into a closed synthesis kettle, adding the precipitant, pure water and the complexing agent to prepare base solution, controlling the pH value of the base solution to be 11.00-11.60 through the precipitant, and maintaining the temperature at 40-60 ℃; the alumina particles in the base solution are 0.2-1.2 g/L, and the granularity of the alumina particles is 0.6-1.2 um;
step three, keeping a synthesis kettle stirring and opening, continuously adding the metal liquid, the precipitant and the complexing agent in the step one into the synthesis kettle at a flow rate of 200-800 mL/min respectively to perform coprecipitation reaction, and stopping liquid feeding when the metal liquid grows to a target granularity;
then, regulating the temperature of the synthesis kettle to 70-80 ℃, and controlling the pH to be kept at 12.50-13.50 through the precipitant for ageing for 3-4 hours to obtain a coprecipitation product;
and step four, carrying out filter pressing, washing and drying on the coprecipitation product in the step three to obtain a ternary precursor with a hollow interior.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the total molar concentration of Ni, co and Mn is 1.5-2.5 mol/L.
3. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the ammonia concentration of the base solution is 0.10-0.40 mol/L.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the pH value in the reaction process is kept at 11.00-11.60, the reaction temperature is kept at 40-60 ℃, and the rotating speed of the synthesis kettle is 500-700 r/min.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical formula of the ternary precursor in the third step is Ni x Co y Mn z (OH) 2 Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.50 and less than 0.98,0, y is more than or equal to 0.50, z is more than 0.01 and less than 0.50, and x+y+z=1.
6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 5, wherein: d50 is 3-5 um, tap density is 1.45-1.95 g/cm 3 Specific surface area of 10-25 m 2 /g。
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