CN113732315B - Fixed leveling method for repairing turbine blade by SLM - Google Patents

Fixed leveling method for repairing turbine blade by SLM Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113732315B
CN113732315B CN202110897782.3A CN202110897782A CN113732315B CN 113732315 B CN113732315 B CN 113732315B CN 202110897782 A CN202110897782 A CN 202110897782A CN 113732315 B CN113732315 B CN 113732315B
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China
Prior art keywords
platform
turbine blade
semicircular
sliding block
axis
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CN202110897782.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113732315A (en
Inventor
王迪
邓国威
刘林青
杨永强
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South China University of Technology SCUT
Air Force Engineering University of PLA
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South China University of Technology SCUT
Air Force Engineering University of PLA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/04—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B22F2007/068—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts repairing articles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a fixing and leveling device and a method for repairing a turbine blade by using an SLM (selective laser deposition); the device comprises a blade clamping mechanism, a first angle adjusting mechanism and a second angle adjusting mechanism; the device has two mutually orthogonal rotational degrees of freedom, and can clamp the turbine blade and adjust the attitude of the turbine blade in two mutually orthogonal directions. The device converts a larger rotation amount into a smaller rotation amount through a transmission structure, and can realize fine angle adjustment; furthermore, the scale marks are arranged, so that quantitative angle adjustment can be realized. The invention has simple structure, simple and easy operation and disassembly, and can conveniently and rapidly realize the clamping and posture adjustment of the turbine blade.

Description

Fixed leveling method for repairing turbine blade by SLM
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fixed leveling device applied to an SLM (selective laser deposition), in particular to a fixed leveling device and a fixed leveling method for repairing a turbine blade by the SLM.
Background
Turbine blades are critical components of aircraft engines, generally having complex profiles and fine internal cooling channel structures. The turbine blade works in a high-temperature and high-speed severe environment, so that the problems of abrasion, defect, crack and the like are easy to occur, and the normal work of the aeroengine is further influenced. Turbine blades having complex internal cavity structures are expensive to manufacture and therefore repair and reuse is often employed to treat damaged blades.
Damaged turbine blades may be repaired by laser selective melting (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) techniques.
SLM is a metal additive manufacturing technology with great industrial value that can directly form parts that are nearly fully dense and have complex structures. However, SLM works based on the powder bed fusion principle, so that a fixed leveling device is required when repairing a turbine blade by using SLM technology, and the repairing joint surface of the turbine blade is fixed after being leveled with the horizontal plane, so that SLM repairing is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provide a fixing and leveling device and method for repairing a turbine blade by using an SLM. The fixing and leveling device can clamp the turbine blade in the forming cavity of the SLM device, adjust the attitude of the turbine blade conveniently and finely, ensure that the repairing overlap joint surface is leveled with the horizontal plane (or the powder paving plane), enable the SLM device to conveniently and smoothly pave the powder, and repair the turbine blade.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fixed leveling device for repairing a turbine blade by using an SLM comprises a blade clamping mechanism 1, a first angle adjusting mechanism 2 and a second angle adjusting mechanism 3 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom;
the blade holding mechanism 1 includes: the first platform 101 and four movable clamping mechanisms 102 are symmetrically arranged on the first platform 101; the movable clamping mechanism 102 is used for clamping the root of the tenon of the turbine blade 4;
each movable clamping mechanism 102 includes: two screws 1021, a vertical motion guide block 1023;
two screws 1021 are vertically arranged on the first platform 101 at intervals, and a vertical movement guide block 1023 is sleeved on the screws 1021 through guide holes 1023a at two ends of the vertical movement guide block;
a transverse slot rail 1023b is arranged on one side of the vertical movement guide block 1023, and a transverse movement clamping block 1024 is arranged in the transverse slot rail 1023 b;
the middle part of the vertical movement guide block 1023 is provided with a threaded hole which is penetrated, and an adjusting jackscrew 1025 which is propped against the transverse movement clamping block 1024 is arranged in the threaded hole; screwing the adjusting jackscrew 1025 to change the length of the lateral movement clamp block 1024 extending out of the lateral channel 1023 b;
on each screw 1021, two limit nuts 1022 sandwiching the vertical movement guide block 1023 therebetween are respectively installed; the limit nut 1022 is used for adjusting the position of the vertical movement guide block 1023 on the screw 1021;
the four movable clamping mechanisms 102 are symmetrically distributed in a shape of a Chinese character kou; the four lateral movement clamping blocks 1024 are divided into two groups, each group being two opposite to each other, in which the dovetail portion of the turbine blade 4 is clamped by the relative movement of the four lateral movement clamping blocks 1024.
The first angle adjustment mechanism 2 includes: a second platform 202 and a parallelogram mechanism 201 disposed on the second platform 202;
the parallelogram mechanism 201 includes: four chute holders 203, a first slider 204, a first lead screw 205, a guide rail 202a, a first bearing seat 206, a lower link 2013, an intermediate link 2012, an upper link 2011, a rocker 2014;
the four chute holders 203 are distributed in a rectangular shape and symmetrically arranged on the second platform 202;
the guide rail 202a is positioned on the second platform 202 in the middle of the four chute holders 203; the first sliding block 204 is slidably connected with the guide rail 202 a; the first screw rod 205 is in threaded fit with the first sliding block 204; the two end parts of the first screw rod 205 are arranged on the second platform 202 through a first bearing seat 206;
the lower link 2013 is parallel to the upper link 2011;
the number of the lower connecting rods 2013 is two, and the two lower connecting rods are arranged in parallel; the upper connecting rods 2011 are arranged in parallel;
the lower connecting rod 2013 is fixedly connected with the first sliding block 204 through a bolt;
the lower end of the rocker 2014 is movably hinged with the middle part of the lower connecting rod 2013 through a rotating shaft;
the middle part of the rocker 2014 is movably hinged with the middle part of the upper connecting rod 2011 through a rotating shaft;
the two ends of the lower link 2013 and the upper link 2011 are respectively connected with the two ends of the middle link 2012 in a rotating way through a rotating shaft;
the four ends of the upper connecting rod 2011 are respectively connected with four vertical sliding grooves of the four sliding groove seats 203 in a sliding manner through rotating shafts;
one end of the first screw rod 205 is provided with a first knob 208 through a first coupling 207;
when the first knob 208 is turned, the first screw rod 205 rotates, and the first slider 204 is driven to move along the guide rail 202 a;
when the first slider 204 moves, the lower link 2013 connected to the first slider moves along with the first slider, and the rocker 2014 is driven to rotate around the rotating shaft at the middle part of the upper link 2011; the axis of the rotating shaft connected between the upper link 2011 and the rocker 2014 is used as a first axis of the first angle adjusting mechanism 2;
by reading the mark line 204a on the first slider 204 and the scale 202b corresponding to the second platform 202, the angle between the upper platform 2015 of the rocker 2014 and the plane of the second platform 202 can be known.
Two mutually parallel upper links 2011 are provided with fixing bolts 2016; when the rocker 2014 and the upper connecting rod 2011 do relative motion, the fixed bolt 2016 is in a loose state; when the rocker 2014 needs to be positioned, the fixing bolt 2016 is locked, and at this time, the rocker 2014 is locked with the upper connecting rod 2011 due to the clamping moment.
The second angle adjustment mechanism 3 includes: a third platform 310; a screw rod sliding block mechanism and a semicircular rotating body mechanism are arranged on the third platform 310; the semicircular rotating mechanism is positioned at one side of the screw rod sliding block mechanism and is driven by the screw rod sliding block mechanism to move;
the semicircular rotating body mechanism comprises a semicircular arc groove base 302 and a semicircular arc rotating body 301; the semicircular groove base 302 is fixed on the third platform 310, and the semicircular rotator 301 is positioned in the arc groove of the semicircular groove base 302; the semicircular arc rotator 301 and the semicircular arc groove base 302 form a revolute pair fit; the semicircular arc rotator 301 rotates around the central axis of the arc thereof, which serves as the second axis of the second angle adjusting mechanism 3;
the top of the semicircular arc rotator 301 is provided with a plane which is used for being fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the second platform 202 of the first angle adjusting mechanism 2;
a guide rod 301a is arranged on the side end surface of the semicircular arc rotator 301; the screw rod sliding block mechanism comprises a second sliding block 305, and a vertical guide groove 305b is formed in the second sliding block 305; the guide rod 301a is positioned in the vertical guide groove 305b;
when the second slider 305 moves linearly, the guide rod 301a moves linearly up and down in the vertical guide groove 305b, and the guide rod 301a drives the semicircular arc rotator 301 to move in an arc along the arc track of the semicircular arc groove base 302.
The screw rod sliding block mechanism further comprises a linear guide rail 310a and a screw rod 306; the second sliding block 305 is in sliding fit with the linear guide rail 310 a; both ends of the screw rod 306 are fixed with the third platform 310 through bearing seats; a knob 309 is mounted at the end of the screw 306; the intersection of the second slider 305 and the third platform 310 is provided with scale marks 305a respectively;
when the knob 309 is turned, the screw rod 306 rotates, so as to drive the second slider 305 to move along the linear track of the linear guide rail 310a, and the semicircular arc rotator 301 is driven to rotate around the second axis by the guide rod 301a; by reading the scale value of the scale mark 305a on the second slider 305, the included angle between the top plane of the current semicircular arc rotator 301 and the plane of the third platform 310 can be known.
The side wall of the semicircular groove base 302 is provided with a threaded hole 302a penetrating through the wall surface, and a fastening screw 303 is arranged in the threaded hole 302 a; when the tightening screw 303 is tightened, it is used to press against the semicircular rotator 301 to prevent it from moving in the semicircular groove base 302.
The semicircular groove of the semicircular groove base 302 is a dovetail groove, and the structure of the semicircular rotator 301 corresponds to the dovetail groove;
the joint surface of the semicircular groove base 302 and the semicircular rotator 301 is a dovetail groove structure.
The guide rod 301a is sleeved with a bearing 304, and the bearing 304 is positioned in the vertical guide groove 305 b.
A method of fixing and leveling during SLM repair of turbine blades, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out three-dimensional scanning on the turbine blade 4 subjected to the repair pretreatment to obtain a three-dimensional model of the turbine blade; in the three-dimensional modeling software, the repairing overlap surface of the three-dimensional model of the turbine blade 4 is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the included angle between the coordinate system of the repairing overlap surface and the coordinate system of the powder laying working platform of the SLM equipment forming cavity 5 is measured to obtain the angle theta required to rotate around the x axis and the y axis of the coordinate system of the powder laying working platform x 、θ y ；
(2) Raising the forming cylinder 502 in the SLM device forming cavity 5 to a powder spreading plane; mounting and fixing the third stage 310 on the forming cylinder 502 in the SLM device forming cavity 5 and ensuring that the second axis is parallel to the x-axis in step 1 and the first axis is parallel to the y-axis in step 1;
(3) Turning knob 309 to zero scale mark 305a on second slider 305, where second platform 202 is parallel to the horizontal plane;
(4) Turning the first knob 208, so that the mark line 204a on the first slider 204 returns to the zero position of the scale value on the second platform 202, and the first platform 101 is parallel to the horizontal plane;
(5) The turbine blade 4 is fixed on the first platform 101 movable clamping mechanism 102: the tenon root part of the turbine blade 4 is arranged at a clamping station of the movable clamping mechanism 102, and the vertical movement guide block 1023 is moved to the height which is favorable for clamping the tenon root part of the turbine blade 4 by adjusting the limit nut 1022; rotating the adjusting jackscrew 1025 to move the four laterally moving clamping blocks 1024 of the movable clamping mechanism 102 relative to each other to clamp the root of the tenon of the turbine blade 4;
(6) Rotating the knob 309 on the third platform 310 rotates the turbine blade 4 about the second axis, adjusting the scale value of the scale mark 305a on the third platform 310 to the angle θ in step 1 x The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Locking the tightening screw 303 to prevent the second platform 202 thereon from rocking;
(7) Rotating the first knob 208 of the second platform 202 rotates the turbine blade 4 about the first axis, adjusting the scale value of the scale 202b of the second platform 202 to the angle θ in step 1 y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Locking the fixing bolt 2016 to prevent the first stage 101 thereon from shaking; at this time, the turbine blade 4 repairs the joint surfaceParallel to the horizontal plane;
(8) Lowering a forming cylinder 502 in a forming cavity 5 of the SLM equipment, and adjusting the repairing and overlapping surface of the turbine blade 4 to be flush with the powder spreading plane, so that the powder spreading roller 501 is in a state of being capable of reciprocally running to spread powder; fixing and leveling the turbine blade in the SLM repairing process is completed; the subsequent SLM repair of the turbine blade 4 can be performed.
And (3) the turbine blade 4 subjected to the pretreatment of repair in the step (1), wherein the pretreatment of repair refers to polishing and flattening the part to be repaired of the turbine blade 4.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the four movable clamping mechanisms are symmetrically distributed in a shape of a Chinese character kou; the four transverse movement clamping blocks are divided into two groups, each group is two opposite to each other, and the tenon root parts of the turbine blades are clamped in the four transverse movement clamping blocks through the relative movement of the four transverse movement clamping blocks; the square clamping structure is stable in physical structure, and the deflection or movement of the turbine blade in the SLM repairing process is effectively prevented.
The movable clamping mechanism is characterized in that two limit nuts for clamping a vertical movement guide block therebetween are respectively arranged on each screw rod; the limit nut is used for adjusting the position of the vertical movement guide block on the screw; the structure can conveniently adjust the height of the transverse movement clamping block, so that the clamping block is propped against the regular position of the root of the turbine blade tenon, and the clamping stability is improved.
The parallelogram mechanism of the invention comprises: the four chute seats, the first sliding block, the first screw rod, the guide rail, the first bearing seat, the lower connecting rod, the middle connecting rod, the upper connecting rod, the rocker and other parts are combined; the structure combination is simple in structure, flexible and stable in physical structure and capable of enhancing the precision of the revolute pair. The four chute seats are distributed in a rectangular shape and are symmetrically arranged on the second platform; the guide rail is positioned on the second platform in the middle of the four chute seats; the first sliding block is in sliding connection with the guide rail; the first screw rod is in threaded fit with the first sliding block; the two ends of the first screw rod are arranged on the second platform through a first bearing seat; the lower connecting rod is parallel to the upper connecting rod; the lower connecting rods are arranged in parallel; the upper connecting rods are arranged in parallel; according to the structural design, when the first knob is rotated, the first screw rod rotates along with the first knob to drive the first sliding block to move along the guide rail; when the first sliding block moves, the lower connecting rod connected with the first sliding block moves along with the first sliding block, and the driving rocker rotates around a rotating shaft at the middle part of the upper connecting rod; the axis of the rotating shaft connected between the upper connecting rod and the rocker is used as a first axis of the first angle adjusting mechanism; the included angle between the upper end platform of the current rocker and the plane of the second platform can be obtained by reading the mark line on the first slider and the graduated scale corresponding to the second platform.
The semicircular rotating body mechanism comprises a semicircular arc groove base and a semicircular arc rotating body; the semicircular groove base is fixed on the third platform, and the semicircular rotator is positioned in an arc groove of the semicircular groove base; the semicircular arc rotator and the semicircular arc groove base form a revolute pair fit; the semicircular arc rotator rotates around the central axis of the arc of the semicircular arc rotator, and the central axis is used as a second axis of the second angle adjusting mechanism; the second axis is orthogonal to the first axis. The combination of the semicircular groove base and the semicircular rotating body can be used for more finely adjusting the required angle, and the physical structure is stable and flexible. When the second sliding block moves linearly, the guide rod moves linearly up and down in the vertical guide groove, and drives the semicircular arc rotator to move in an arc along the arc track of the semicircular arc groove base. When the knob is turned, the screw rod rotates along with the knob, the second sliding block is driven to move along the linear track of the linear guide rail, and the semicircular rotary body is driven to rotate around the second axis through the guide rod; and the included angle between the top plane of the current semicircular arc rotating body and the third platform plane can be obtained by reading the scale value of the scale mark on the second sliding block.
The fixed leveling device of the present invention has two rotational degrees of freedom that are orthogonal to each other, since the first axis is orthogonal (i.e., perpendicular) to the second axis. In the angle adjustment link, the angles of the first angle adjustment mechanism and the second angle adjustment mechanism can be quantitatively adjusted, and the repairing overlap joint surface of the turbine blade can be quickly adjusted to a required angle.
According to the fixed leveling device, the larger rotation amount is converted into the smaller movement amount through the screw rod structure principle, and then the smaller movement amount is converted into the smaller rotation amount, so that the precise adjustment of multidirectional fine angles is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the application of the fixture leveling device of the present invention in the repair of a turbine blade by an SLM.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an assembly structure of the fixing and leveling device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the blade holding mechanism of FIG. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the movable clamping mechanism in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the first angle adjusting mechanism in fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is an exploded view of the parallelogram mechanism of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is an exploded view of the second angular adjustment mechanism of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1-7. The invention discloses a fixing and leveling device for repairing a turbine blade by using an SLM (selective laser deposition), which comprises a blade clamping mechanism 1, a first angle adjusting mechanism 2 and a second angle adjusting mechanism 3 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom;
the blade holding mechanism 1 includes: the first platform 101 and four movable clamping mechanisms 102 are symmetrically arranged on the first platform 101; the movable clamping mechanism 102 is used for clamping the root of the tenon of the turbine blade 4;
each movable clamping mechanism 102 includes: two screws 1021, a vertical motion guide block 1023;
two screws 1021 are vertically arranged on the first platform 101 at intervals, and a vertical movement guide block 1023 is sleeved on the screws 1021 through guide holes 1023a at two ends of the vertical movement guide block;
a transverse slot rail 1023b is arranged on one side of the vertical movement guide block 1023, and a transverse movement clamping block 1024 is arranged in the transverse slot rail 1023 b;
the middle part of the vertical movement guide block 1023 is provided with a threaded hole which is penetrated, and an adjusting jackscrew 1025 which is propped against the transverse movement clamping block 1024 is arranged in the threaded hole; turning the adjusting bolt to change the length of the lateral movement clamp block 1024 extending out of the lateral channel 1023 b;
on each screw 1021, two limit nuts 1022 sandwiching the vertical movement guide block 1023 therebetween are respectively installed; the limit nut 1022 is used for adjusting the position of the vertical movement guide block 1023 on the screw 1021;
the four movable clamping mechanisms 102 are symmetrically distributed in a shape of a Chinese character kou; the four lateral movement clamping blocks 1024 are divided into two groups, each group is two opposite to each other, and the tenon root portion of the turbine blade 4 is clamped therein by the relative movement (in a cross-shaped movement locus) of the four lateral movement clamping blocks 1024. The clamping moment in four directions enables the turbine blade 4 to be more firmly fixed on the movable clamping mechanism 102, and is beneficial to improving the precision of the part to be repaired.
The first angle adjustment mechanism 2 includes: a second platform 202 and a parallelogram mechanism 201 disposed on the second platform 202;
the parallelogram mechanism 201 includes: four chute holders 203, a first slider 204, a first lead screw 205, a guide rail 202a, a first bearing seat 206, a lower link 2013, an intermediate link 2012, an upper link 2011, a rocker 2014;
the four chute holders 203 are distributed in a rectangular shape and symmetrically arranged on the second platform 202;
the guide rail 202a is positioned on the second platform 202 in the middle of the four chute holders 203; the first sliding block 204 is slidably connected with the guide rail 202 a; the first screw rod 205 is in threaded fit with the first sliding block 204; the two end parts of the first screw rod 205 are arranged on the second platform 202 through a first bearing seat 206;
the lower link 2013 is parallel to the upper link 2011;
the number of the lower connecting rods 2013 is two, and the two lower connecting rods are arranged in parallel; the upper connecting rods 2011 are arranged in parallel;
the lower connecting rod 2013 is fixedly connected with the first sliding block 204 through a bolt;
the lower end of the rocker 2014 is movably hinged with the middle part of the lower connecting rod 2013 through a rotating shaft;
the middle part of the rocker 2014 is movably hinged with the middle part of the upper connecting rod 2011 through a rotating shaft;
the two ends of the lower link 2013 and the upper link 2011 are respectively connected with the two ends of the middle link 2012 in a rotating way through a rotating shaft;
the four ends of the upper connecting rod 2011 are respectively connected with four vertical sliding grooves of the four sliding groove seats 203 in a sliding manner through rotating shafts;
one end of the first screw rod 205 is provided with a first knob 208 through a first coupling 207;
when the first knob 208 is turned, the first screw rod 205 rotates, and the first slider 204 is driven to move along the guide rail 202 a;
when the first slider 204 moves, the lower link 2013 connected to the first slider moves along with the first slider, and the rocker 2014 is driven to rotate around the rotating shaft at the middle part of the upper link 2011; the axis of the rotating shaft connected between the upper link 2011 and the rocker 2014 is used as a first axis of the first angle adjusting mechanism 2;
by reading the mark line 204a on the first slider 204 and the scale 202b corresponding to the second platform 202, the angle between the upper platform 2015 of the rocker 2014 and the plane of the second platform 202 can be known.
Two mutually parallel upper links 2011 are provided with fixing bolts 2016; when the rocker 2014 and the upper connecting rod 2011 do relative motion, the fixed bolt 2016 is in a loose state; when the rocker 2014 needs to be positioned, the fixing bolt 2016 is locked, and at this time, the rocker 2014 is locked with the upper connecting rod 2011 due to the clamping moment.
The parallelogram mechanism 201 of the invention has simple structure, flexible and stable physical structure and improves the precision of the revolute pair.
The second angle adjustment mechanism 3 includes: a third platform 310; a screw rod sliding block mechanism and a semicircular rotating body mechanism are arranged on the third platform 310; the semicircular rotating mechanism is positioned at one side of the screw rod sliding block mechanism and is driven by the screw rod sliding block mechanism to move;
the semicircular rotating body mechanism comprises a semicircular arc groove base 302 and a semicircular arc rotating body 301; the semicircular groove base 302 is fixed on the third platform 310, and the semicircular rotator 301 is positioned in the arc groove of the semicircular groove base 302; the semicircular arc rotator 301 and the semicircular arc groove base 302 form a revolute pair fit; the semicircular arc rotator 301 rotates around the central axis of the arc thereof, which serves as the second axis of the second angle adjusting mechanism 3;
the top of the semicircular arc rotator 301 is provided with a plane which is used for being fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the second platform 202 of the first angle adjusting mechanism 2;
a guide rod 301a is arranged on the side end surface of the semicircular arc rotator 301; the screw rod sliding block mechanism comprises a second sliding block 305, and a vertical guide groove 305b is formed in the second sliding block 305; the guide rod 301a is positioned in the vertical guide groove 305b;
when the second slider 305 moves linearly, the guide rod 301a moves linearly up and down in the vertical guide groove 305b, and the guide rod 301a drives the semicircular arc rotator 301 to move in an arc along the arc track of the semicircular arc groove base 302.
The combination of the semicircular groove base 302 and the semicircular rotator 301 can be used for more finely adjusting the required angle, and the physical structure is stable and flexible.
The screw rod sliding block mechanism further comprises a linear guide rail 310a and a screw rod 306; the second sliding block 305 is in sliding fit with the linear guide rail 310 a; both ends of the screw rod 306 are fixed with the third platform 310 through bearing seats; a knob 309 is mounted at the end of the screw 306; the intersection of the second slider 305 and the third platform 310 is provided with scale marks 305a respectively;
when the knob 309 is turned, the screw rod 306 rotates, so as to drive the second slider 305 to move along the linear track of the linear guide rail 310a, and the semicircular arc rotator 301 is driven to rotate around the second axis by the guide rod 301a; by reading the scale value of the scale mark 305a on the second slider 305, the included angle between the top plane of the current semicircular arc rotator 301 and the plane of the third platform 310 can be known.
The side wall of the semicircular groove base 302 is provided with a threaded hole 302a penetrating through the wall surface, and a fastening screw 303 is arranged in the threaded hole 302 a; when the tightening screw 303 is tightened, it is used to press against the semicircular rotator 301 to prevent it from moving in the semicircular groove base 302.
The semicircular groove of the semicircular groove base 302 is a dovetail groove, and the structure of the semicircular rotator 301 corresponds to the dovetail groove;
the joint surface of the semicircular groove base 302 and the semicircular rotator 301 is a dovetail groove structure.
The guide rod 301a is sleeved with a bearing 304, and the bearing 304 is positioned in the vertical guide groove 305 b.
The first angle adjusting mechanism 2 and the second angle adjusting mechanism 3 of the present invention have two mutually orthogonal rotational degrees of freedom, and can hold the turbine blade 4 and adjust the posture thereof in two mutually orthogonal directions. The device converts a larger rotation amount into a smaller rotation amount through a transmission structure (a screw transmission principle), and can realize fine angle adjustment; quantitative angle adjustment can be realized through the scales on the device. The invention has the advantages of convenient disassembly, simpler structure and operation and easy realization of clamping and posture adjustment of the turbine blade.
In the process of repairing the turbine blade by the SLM, the turbine blade can be fixed and leveled by the following steps:
(1) Carrying out three-dimensional scanning on the turbine blade 4 subjected to the repair pretreatment to obtain a three-dimensional model of the turbine blade; in the three-dimensional modeling software, the repairing overlap surface of the three-dimensional model of the turbine blade 4 is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the included angle between the coordinate system of the repairing overlap surface and the coordinate system of the powder laying working platform of the SLM equipment forming cavity 5 is measured to obtain the angle theta required to rotate around the x axis and the y axis of the coordinate system of the powder laying working platform x 、θ y ；
The pre-repair treatment of the turbine blade 4 refers to polishing and flattening the part to be repaired of the turbine blade 4.
(2) Raising the forming cylinder 502 in the SLM device forming cavity 5 to a powder spreading plane; mounting and fixing the third stage 310 on the forming cylinder 502 in the SLM device forming cavity 5 and ensuring that the second axis is parallel to the x-axis in step 1 and the first axis is parallel to the y-axis in step 1;
(3) Turning knob 309 to zero scale mark 305a on second slider 305, where second platform 202 is parallel to the horizontal plane;
(4) Turning the first knob 208, so that the mark line 204a on the first slider 204 returns to the zero position of the scale value on the second platform 202, and the first platform 101 is parallel to the horizontal plane;
(5) The turbine blade 4 is fixed on the first platform 101 movable clamping mechanism 102: the tenon root part of the turbine blade 4 is arranged at a clamping station of the movable clamping mechanism 102, and the vertical movement guide block 1023 is moved to the height which is favorable for clamping the tenon root part of the turbine blade 4 by adjusting the limit nut 1022; rotating the adjusting jackscrew 1025 to move the four laterally moving clamping blocks 1024 of the movable clamping mechanism 102 relative to each other to clamp the root of the tenon of the turbine blade 4;
(6) Rotating the knob 309 on the third platform 310 rotates the turbine blade 4 about the second axis, adjusting the scale value of the scale mark 305a on the third platform 310 to the angle θ in step 1 x The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Locking the tightening screw 303 to prevent the second platform 202 thereon from rocking;
(7) Rotating the first knob 208 of the second platform 202 rotates the turbine blade 4 about the first axis, adjusting the scale value of the scale 202b of the second platform 202 to the angle θ in step 1 y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Locking the fixing bolt 2016 to prevent the first stage 101 thereon from shaking; at this time, the turbine blade 4 repair overlap surface is parallel to the horizontal plane;
(8) Lowering a forming cylinder 502 in a forming cavity 5 of the SLM equipment, and lifting a repairing and overlapping surface of the turbine blade 4 to a position flush with a powder spreading plane, so that a powder spreading roller 501 is in a state capable of reciprocally running to spread powder; fixing and leveling the turbine blade in the SLM repairing process is completed; the subsequent SLM repair of the turbine blade 4 can be performed.
The first angle adjusting mechanism 2 and the second angle adjusting mechanism 3 of the present invention have two mutually orthogonal rotational degrees of freedom, the first axis being orthogonal to the second axis. In the angle adjustment step, the angles of the first angle adjustment mechanism 2 and the second angle adjustment mechanism 3 can be quantitatively adjusted so that the repair joint surface of the turbine blade is leveled with the horizontal plane. The device converts a larger rotation amount into a smaller movement amount through a transmission structure of a screw rod principle, and then converts the smaller movement amount into a smaller rotation amount, so that fine angle adjustment is realized.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention should be made and equivalents should be construed as falling within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The fixing and leveling method in the process of repairing the turbine blade by the SLM is characterized by being realized based on a fixing and leveling device for repairing the turbine blade by the SLM;
the fixing and leveling device for repairing the turbine blade by the SLM comprises a blade clamping mechanism (1), a first angle adjusting mechanism (2) and a second angle adjusting mechanism (3) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the method is characterized in that:
the blade clamping mechanism (1) comprises: the device comprises a first platform (101) and four movable clamping mechanisms (102) symmetrically arranged on the first platform (101); the movable clamping mechanism (102) is used for clamping the root part of the tenon of the turbine blade (4);
each movable clamping mechanism (102) comprises: two screws (1021) and a vertical movement guide block (1023);
the two screws (1021) are vertically arranged on the first platform (101) at intervals, and the vertical movement guide blocks (1023) are sleeved on the screws (1021) through guide holes (1023 a) at two ends of the vertical movement guide blocks;
a transverse groove rail (1023 b) is arranged on one side of the vertical movement guide block (1023), and a transverse movement clamping block (1024) is arranged in the transverse groove rail (1023 b);
the middle part of the vertical movement guide block (1023) is provided with a threaded hole which is penetrated, and an adjusting jackscrew (1025) which is propped against the transverse movement clamping block (1024) is arranged in the threaded hole; screwing the adjusting jackscrew (1025) to change the length of the transverse movement clamping block (1024) extending out of the transverse groove rail (1023 b);
two limit nuts (1022) for clamping the vertical movement guide blocks (1023) between the two limit nuts are respectively arranged on each screw rod (1021); the limit nut (1022) is used for adjusting the position of the vertical movement guide block (1023) on the screw (1021);
the four movable clamping mechanisms (102) are symmetrically distributed in a shape of a Chinese character 'kou'; the four transverse movement clamping blocks (1024) are divided into two groups, each group is two opposite to each other, and the tenon root parts of the turbine blades (4) are clamped in the four transverse movement clamping blocks (1024) through the relative movement of the four transverse movement clamping blocks;
the first angle adjustment mechanism (2) includes: a second platform (202) and a parallelogram mechanism (201) disposed on the second platform (202);
the parallelogram mechanism (201) comprises: the four sliding groove seats (203), a first sliding block (204), a first screw rod (205), a guide rail (202 a), a first bearing seat (206), a lower connecting rod (2013), a middle connecting rod (2012), an upper connecting rod (2011) and a rocker (2014);
the four chute seats (203) are distributed in a rectangular shape and are symmetrically arranged on the second platform (202);
the guide rail (202 a) is positioned on a second platform (202) in the middle of the four chute seats (203); the first sliding block (204) is in sliding connection with the guide rail (202 a); the first screw rod (205) is in threaded fit with the first sliding block (204); two end parts of the first screw rod (205) are arranged on the second platform (202) through a first bearing seat (206);
the lower connecting rod (2013) is parallel to the upper connecting rod (2011);
the number of the lower connecting rods (2013) is two, and the two lower connecting rods are arranged in parallel; the upper connecting rods (2011) are arranged in parallel;
the lower connecting rod (2013) is fixedly connected with the first sliding block (204) through a bolt;
the lower end of the rocker (2014) is movably hinged with the middle part of the lower connecting rod (2013) through a rotating shaft;
the middle part of the rocker (2014) is movably hinged with the middle part of the upper connecting rod (2011) through a rotating shaft;
two ends of the lower connecting rod (2013) and the upper connecting rod (2011) are respectively connected with two ends of the middle connecting rod (2012) in a rotating way through rotating shafts;
four end parts of the upper connecting rod (2011) are respectively connected with four vertical sliding grooves of four sliding groove seats (203) in a sliding manner through rotating shafts;
one end part of the first screw rod (205) is provided with a first knob (208) through a first coupler (207);
when the first knob (208) is turned, the first screw rod (205) turns along with the first knob, and the first slider (204) is driven to move along the guide rail (202 a);
when the first sliding block (204) moves, the lower connecting rod (2013) connected with the first sliding block moves along with the first sliding block, and the driving rocker (2014) rotates around a rotating shaft at the middle part of the upper connecting rod (2011); the axis of a rotating shaft connected between the upper connecting rod (2011) and the rocker (2014) is used as a first axis of the first angle adjusting mechanism (2);
the included angle between the upper end platform (2015) of the current rocker (2014) and the plane of the second platform (202) can be obtained by reading the mark line (204 a) on the first slider (204) and the graduated scale (202 b) corresponding to the second platform (202);
the second angle adjustment mechanism (3) includes: a third platform (310); a screw rod sliding block mechanism and a semicircular rotating body mechanism are arranged on the third platform (310); the semicircular rotating mechanism is positioned at one side of the screw rod sliding block mechanism and is driven by the screw rod sliding block mechanism to move;
the semicircular rotating body mechanism comprises a semicircular arc groove base (302) and a semicircular arc rotating body (301); the semicircular groove base (302) is fixed on the third platform (310), and the semicircular rotator (301) is positioned in an arc groove of the semicircular groove base (302); the semicircular arc rotator (301) and the semicircular arc groove base (302) form a revolute pair fit; the semicircular arc rotating body (301) rotates around the central axis of the arc, and the central axis is used as a second axis of the second angle adjusting mechanism (3); the second axis is orthogonal to the first axis;
the top of the semicircular arc rotating body (301) is provided with a plane which is used for being fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the second platform (202) of the first angle adjusting mechanism (2);
the side end surface of the semicircular arc rotator (301) is provided with a guide rod (301 a); the screw rod sliding block mechanism comprises a second sliding block (305), and a vertical guide groove (305 b) is formed in the second sliding block (305); the guide rod (301 a) is positioned in the vertical guide groove (305 b);
when the second sliding block (305) moves linearly, the guide rod (301 a) moves linearly up and down in the vertical guide groove (305 b), and the guide rod (301 a) drives the semicircular arc rotating body (301) to move in an arc along the arc track of the semicircular arc groove base (302);
the two upper connecting rods (2011) which are parallel to each other are provided with fixing bolts (2016); when the rocker (2014) and the upper connecting rod (2011) do relative motion, the fixed bolt (2016) is in a loose state; when the rocker (2014) needs to be positioned, the fixing bolt (2016) is locked, and at the moment, the rocker (2014) and the upper connecting rod (2011) are locked due to the clamping moment;
the screw rod sliding block mechanism further comprises a linear guide rail (310 a) and a screw rod (306); the second sliding block (305) is in sliding fit with the linear guide rail (310 a); both ends of the screw rod (306) are fixed with a third platform (310) through bearing seats; a knob (309) is arranged at the end part of the screw rod (306); the intersection of the second sliding block (305) and the third platform (310) is provided with scale marks (305 a) respectively;
when the knob (309) is turned, the screw rod (306) turns along with the knob to drive the second slider (305) to move along the linear track of the linear guide rail (310 a), and the semicircular arc turning body (301) is driven to rotate around the second axis through the guide rod (301 a); the included angle between the top plane of the current semicircular arc rotator (301) and the plane of the third platform (310) can be obtained by reading the scale value of the scale mark (305 a) on the second sliding block (305);
the side wall of the semicircular groove base (302) is provided with a threaded hole (302 a) penetrating through the wall surface, and a fastening screw (303) is arranged in the threaded hole (302 a); when the fastening screw (303) is screwed, the fastening screw is used for propping against the semicircular arc rotator (301) to prevent the semicircular arc rotator from moving on the semicircular arc groove base (302);
the fixing and leveling steps are as follows:
(1) Carrying out three-dimensional scanning on the turbine blade (4) subjected to the pretreatment of repair to obtain a three-dimensional model of the turbine blade; in the three-dimensional modeling software, the repairing overlap surface of the three-dimensional model of the turbine blade (4) is parallel to the horizontal plane, the coordinate system of the repairing overlap surface is measured, and the included angle between the repairing overlap surface and the coordinate system of the powder laying working platform of the SLM equipment forming cavity (5) is obtained, so that the angle required to rotate around the x axis and the y axis of the coordinate system of the powder laying working platform is obtained、/>；
(2) Raising a forming cylinder (502) in a forming cavity (5) of the SLM equipment to a powder spreading plane; mounting and fixing a third platform (310) on a forming cylinder (502) in a forming cavity (5) of the SLM equipment, and ensuring that a second axis is parallel to the x axis in the step (1), and a first axis is parallel to the y axis in the step (1);
(3) Turning the knob (309) so that the scale mark (305 a) on the second slider (305) is zeroed, and the second platform (202) is parallel to the horizontal plane;
(4) Rotating the first knob (208) to enable the mark line (204 a) on the first slider (204) to return to the zero position of the scale value on the second platform (202), and enabling the first platform (101) to be parallel to the horizontal plane;
(5) Fixing the turbine blade (4) on a first platform (101) movable clamping mechanism (102): the tenon root part of the turbine blade (4) is arranged at a clamping station of the movable clamping mechanism (102), and the vertical movement guide block (1023) is moved to the height which is favorable for clamping the tenon root part of the turbine blade (4) by adjusting the limit nut (1022); rotating the adjusting jackscrew (1025) to enable the four transversely moving clamping blocks (1024) of the movable clamping mechanism (102) to move relatively so as to clamp the tenon root of the turbine blade (4);
(6) Turning a knob on a third platform (310)309 Rotating the turbine blade (4) about the second axis to adjust the scale value of the scale mark (305 a) on the third platform (310) to the angle in step (1)The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Locking the fastening screw (303) to prevent the second platform (202) thereon from shaking;
(7) Rotating a first knob (208) of the second platform (202) to rotate the turbine blade (4) around a first axis, and adjusting the scale value of a scale (202 b) of the second platform (202) to the angle in the step (1)The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Locking the fixing bolt (2016) to prevent the first platform (101) thereon from shaking; at this time, the repairing overlap surface of the turbine blade (4) is parallel to the horizontal plane;
(8) Lowering a forming cylinder (502) in a forming cavity (5) of the SLM equipment, and raising and adjusting a repairing overlap surface of the turbine blade (4) to a position flush with a powder spreading plane, so that a powder spreading roller (501) is in a state capable of reciprocally running for spreading powder; fixing and leveling the turbine blade in the SLM repairing process is completed; the subsequent SLM repair operation of the turbine blade (4) can be performed.
2. The method of fixing and leveling during SLM repair of turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the semicircular groove of the semicircular groove base (302) is a dovetail groove, and the structure of the semicircular rotator (301) corresponds to the dovetail groove;
the joint surface of the semicircular groove base (302) and the semicircular rotator (301) is of a dovetail groove structure.
3. The method of fixing and leveling during SLM repair of turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the guide rod (301 a) is sleeved with a bearing (304), and the bearing (304) is positioned in the vertical guide groove (305 b).
4. The method of fixing and leveling during SLM repair of turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and (2) performing pretreatment on the turbine blade (4) in the step (1), namely polishing and flattening the part to be repaired of the turbine blade (4).
CN202110897782.3A 2021-08-05 2021-08-05 Fixed leveling method for repairing turbine blade by SLM Active CN113732315B (en)

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