CN113726393B - Configuration method and device of hybrid beam forming sub-connection structure - Google Patents

Configuration method and device of hybrid beam forming sub-connection structure Download PDF

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CN113726393B
CN113726393B CN202111291322.2A CN202111291322A CN113726393B CN 113726393 B CN113726393 B CN 113726393B CN 202111291322 A CN202111291322 A CN 202111291322A CN 113726393 B CN113726393 B CN 113726393B
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antennas
antenna
base station
divisor
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CN113726393A (en
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郑学东
谷晓晓
沈东�
祁金燕
张文策
鲍煦
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NANJING CHINA-SPACENET SATELLITE TELECOM CO LTD
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device for configuring a connection structure of a hybrid beam former, wherein the method comprises the following steps: configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station; dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to radio frequency chains one by one, and calculating the number of antennas contained in each antenna sub-array; calculating a divisor i of the users according to the number K of the users, and expressing the divisor i by a set D; circulating each element in the set D, calculating and recording a mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i; obtaining the maximum value of all the mutual information values, and taking the corresponding divisor i as the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure; configuring a sub-connection structure according to the interleaving factor. The invention can reduce the number of radio frequency chains of a large-scale MIMO system when the number of base station antennas is more, is suitable for a millimeter wave communication system, and has the advantages of high convergence speed, easy realization and high system energy efficiency.

Description

Configuration method and device of hybrid beam forming sub-connection structure
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a configuration method and a configuration device of a hybrid beam forming sub-connection structure.
Background
Millimeter wave and massive MIMO technology are one of the key technologies of 5G, and have been widely studied in recent years. One of the main reasons that millimeter wave technology is applied is: compared with a lower frequency band, the millimeter wave frequency band resource is richer, and higher system capacity can be brought. In addition, the millimeter wave frequency is high, the wavelength is short, and the deployment is easy. However, in the millimeter wave system, signals are easily blocked, which causes great loss, and the beamforming technology of massive MIMO can bring great gain to the signals. Therefore, the millimeter wave technology is combined with the large-scale MIMO technology, and the performance of the system can be greatly improved.
In the case of the conventional beamforming technology, the performance of the analog beamforming technology cannot meet the requirement, and the full digital beamforming technology uses a large number of radio frequency links, which may bring a huge overhead to the system. Therefore, both of these cannot meet the requirements of the current millimeter wave massive MIMO system. Thus, hybrid beamforming techniques have emerged. The hybrid beamforming technology is a feasible scheme, and not only can meet the requirements of system performance, but also can greatly reduce the system overhead.
The hybrid beam forming structure can be further divided into two types, a full connection structure and a sub connection structure, according to the topological structure of the connection between the antenna and the radio frequency chain. In the full link configuration, each antenna is connected to all rf chains, while in the sub-link configuration, a group of antennas, which is a subset of the antenna array, called an antenna sub-array, is connected to one rf chain. The frequency spectrum efficiency of the sub-connection structure is slightly lower than that of the full-connection structure, but compared with the full-connection structure, the number of phase shifters in the sub-connection structure is small, and the power consumption is lower. Therefore, the sub-connection structure has higher energy efficiency. The sub-connection structure achieves a tradeoff between system performance and hardware complexity. The sub-connection structure is divided into a local structure and a staggered structure according to the formation mode of the antenna sub-array. For the partial structure, the antennas in the antenna sub-array are adjacent and continuous, while in the staggered structure the antennas of the antenna sub-array are evenly dispersed throughout the antenna array.
The staggered structure has received much attention in recent years. In "ZHANG J A, HUANG X, DYADYUK V, et al, Massive hybrid antenna array for millimeter-wave cellular Communications [ J ]. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2015, 22(1): 79-87", it was demonstrated that the interleaved sub-connection structure enables faster arrival angle estimation using a lower complexity algorithm. The system performance of fixed interleaved sub-connection structures was explored in "PARK S, ALKHATEEB A, HEATH R W. Dynamic Precoding in Wideband mmWave MIMO Systems [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2017, 16(5): 2907-20.
In 2015, "ZHANG J a, HUANG X, dyad yuk V, et al. Massive hybrid antenna array for millimeter-wave cellular Communications [ J ]. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2015, 22(1): 79-87", although the authors consider factors affecting the spectral efficiency of the crossbar interconnect structure, and reflect that different crossbar interconnect structures have a large effect on the overall system performance, they do not provide specific parameters related to the optimal crossbar structure and how different crossbar interconnect structures have an effect on the system performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for configuring a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure, where the method is simple and feasible, and is particularly suitable for a scenario where the number of base station antennas is large or the number of users is large in a millimeter wave system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for configuring a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure is applied to an uplink of a massive MIMO system, and comprises the following steps: configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station; dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to the radio frequency chains one by one, and calculating the number of antennas contained in each antenna sub-array
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(ii) a Calculating its divisor i based on the number of users K, using the set
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Z represents the number of submultiples i; circulating each element in the set D, and calculating the mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And record when the number of users K isMutual information values corresponding to the Z divisor
Figure 791988DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
When all the calculation is finished, the circulation is stopped; obtaining all mutual information values
Figure 445824DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(ii) a According to the interleaving factor
Figure 202427DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Configuring a sub-connection structure; wherein the mutual information value
Figure 916305DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the display of the user can be expected to be,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the determinant is shown to be a matrix,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is a unit matrix which is formed by the following steps,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
which is indicative of the number of users,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
which is indicative of the power of the user,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
indicates the number of antennas included in each sub-array,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
in order to simulate the beamforming matrix, the beamforming matrix is,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
to represent
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
in order to be a matrix of channels,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
to represent
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
a function representing the definition is presented to the user,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
the sub-multiple is represented as a function of,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
which represents the base station antenna spacing,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
indicating the wavelength of the base station antenna.
Preferably, the above-mentioned
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
To (1) a
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
The individual elements may be represented as:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
indicates the total number of the propagation paths,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
the complex gain of the i path for the k user is represented, j represents the imaginary unit,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
，
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
means not exceeding
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Is the largest integer of (a), and
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
，
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
representing the angle of arrival of the ith path for the kth user,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
and K may be any value from K,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
means not exceeding
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Is the largest integer of (a) to (b),
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
to represent
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
M denotes an antenna index in the sub-array, d denotes a base station antenna spacing,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
which represents the wavelength of the base station antenna,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
denotes the number of antennas included in each sub-array, and i denotes a divisor.
As a preferred scheme, the analog beamforming matrix
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
The value of the element(s) depends on the connection structure of the radio frequency chain and the antenna in the phase shifter network, and then
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
To (1) a
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
The individual elements may be represented as:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
。
preferably, the propagation paths are calculated according to the number of propagation paths
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Taking the value of (A);
single propagation path (L = 1): can obtain the product
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
The above formula is rewritten as:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
wherein, in the step (A),
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
，
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
；
multiple propagation paths (
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
): can obtain the product
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
to represent
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
The component of the first path;
Figure 651304DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
can be written as:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
，
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
an element is
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
Is a diagonal matrix of the angles,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
an element is
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
。
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of determining the interleaving factor
Figure 859562DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Configuring a sub-connection structure, comprising: in the same antenna sub-array, adjacent antennas exist
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
And antennas belonging to other sub-arrays.
The invention also discloses a configuration device of the hybrid beam former connection structure, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a construction module, a receiving module and a transmitting module, wherein the construction module is used for configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station; an antenna sub-array module for dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to the radio frequency chains one by one, and the number of antennas included in each antenna sub-array is calculated
Figure 234786DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(ii) a A divisor calculation module for calculating divisor i according to user number K and using set
Figure 119566DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Z represents the number of submultiples i; a mutual information value calculating module for circulating each element in the set D and calculating the mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
Figure 183337DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And records the Z divisor of the number K of usersMutual information value
Figure 647816DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
When all the calculation is finished, the circulation is stopped; an interleaving factor obtaining module for obtaining all mutual information values
Figure 113433DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
(ii) a A configuration module for configuring the interleaving factor according to the interleaving factor
Figure 201737DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Configuring a sub-connection structure; wherein the mutual information value
Figure 487224DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 817712DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the display of the user can be expected to be,
Figure 137834DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the determinant is shown to be a matrix,
Figure 833258DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is a unit matrix which is formed by the following steps,
Figure 364297DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
which is indicative of the number of users,
Figure 701737DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
which is indicative of the power of the user,
Figure 610788DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
indicates the number of antennas included in each sub-array,
Figure 539429DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
in order to simulate the beamforming matrix, the beamforming matrix is,
Figure 533930DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
to represent
Figure 176526DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
in order to be a matrix of channels,
Figure 2400DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
to represent
Figure 305205DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
Figure 52581DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
a function representing the definition is presented to the user,
Figure 731824DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
the sub-multiple is represented as a function of,
Figure 615467DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
which represents the base station antenna spacing,
Figure 587709DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
indicating the wavelength of the base station antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by constructing a radio frequency chain between a base station and a user, calculating a mutual information value based on a divisor set of the number of users, obtaining an interleaving factor of an optimal interleaving structure, and realizing optimal configuration of an interleaving sub-connection structure. The structural design is suitable for the conditions that the number of base station antennas is large and the number of users is large, compared with the traditional mixed beam forming, the used radio frequency chains are few, and the system energy consumption is low; the method has the advantages of low complexity, simplicity, feasibility, high energy efficiency and capability of obtaining good energy efficiency performance.
Drawings
The disclosure of the present invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the drawings are designed solely for the purposes of illustration and not as a definition of the limits of the invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for configuring a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a transmitting end and a receiving end of a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a configuration apparatus of a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is easily understood that according to the technical solution of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can propose various alternative structures and implementation ways without changing the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the technical aspects of the present invention, and should not be construed as all of the present invention or as limitations or limitations on the technical aspects of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a flow diagram of a configuration method of a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure is shown. The configuration method is applied to the uplink of the large-scale MIMO system and comprises the following steps:
s101, configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station, and providing service for K single-antenna users at the same time.
Referring to fig. 2, a block diagram of a transmitting end and a receiving end of the hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown. The figure comprises K users as transmitting terminals, and each user is configured with an antenna; the base station is used as a receiving end and is configured with N antennas. The user side sends signals to the base station, the base station firstly carries out analog beam forming on the signals after receiving the signals, the phase of the received signals is independently changed, then the signals are sent to the digital beam forming device through the radio frequency chain, meanwhile, amplitude and phase adjustment are carried out on the signals, and finally the signals of the receiving end are obtained.
S102, dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to radio frequency chains one by one, and calculating the number of antennas contained in each antenna sub-array
Figure 556802DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
S103, calculating the divisor i according to the number K of the users, and using the set
Figure 39736DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
In this case, z represents the number of divisor i.
S104, circulating each element in the set D, and calculating the mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
Figure 777884DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And recorded. When the mutual information value corresponding to Z submultiples of the user number K
Figure 688072DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And when all the calculation is finished, the circulation is stopped.
The mutual information value
Figure 410040DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
According to the channel matrix
Figure 666971DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
Analog beamforming
Figure 790785DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The isoparametric calculation is obtained, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1041, simulating a beamforming matrix
Figure 606294DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Dereferencing, analog beamforming matrix
Figure 549980DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
The value of the element(s) depends on the connection structure of the radio frequency chain and the antenna in the phase shifter network, and then
Figure 109137DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
To (1) a
Figure 353036DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
The individual elements may be represented as:
Figure 109421DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 805981DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
. According to the divisor of the number K of users, Z kinds can be obtained
Figure 762305DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
The value of (a).
Step S1042, the mutual information value
Figure 831017DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 785067DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the display of the user can be expected to be,
Figure 703344DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the determinant is shown to be a matrix,
Figure 604304DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is a unit matrix which is formed by the following steps,
Figure 557217DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
for indicatingThe number of the users is increased, and,
Figure 885430DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
which is indicative of the power of the user,
Figure 789538DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
indicates the number of antennas included in each sub-array,
Figure 228610DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
in order to simulate the beamforming matrix, the beamforming matrix is,
Figure 36029DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
to represent
Figure 535143DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
Figure 428013DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
in order to be a matrix of channels,
Figure 670776DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
to represent
Figure 99745DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
Figure 769761DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
a function representing the definition is presented to the user,
Figure 712045DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
the sub-multiple is represented as a function of,
Figure 384597DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
which represents the base station antenna spacing,
Figure 697767DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
which represents the wavelength of the base station antenna,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
meaning a "defined as" symbol.
In the step S1043, the step of,
Figure 365115DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
to (1) a
Figure 966998DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
The individual elements may be represented as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 302295DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
indicates the total number of the propagation paths,
Figure 938813DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
indicating the complex gain of the ith path of the kth user, i.e. indicating
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
A circularly symmetric complex gaussian distribution with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1 is obeyed. j represents the unit of an imaginary number,
Figure 747369DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
，
Figure 836548DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
means not exceeding
Figure 729198DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Is the largest integer of (a), and
Figure 485802DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
，
Figure 668522DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
representing the angle of arrival of the ith path for the kth user,
Figure 244996DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
and K may be anything from KWhich value is the sum of the values of,
Figure 171364DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
representing a number different from k.
Figure 782474DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Means not exceeding
Figure 168718DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Is the largest integer of (a) to (b),
Figure 232489DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
to represent
Figure 962548DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
M denotes an antenna index in the sub-array, d denotes a base station antenna spacing,
Figure 428164DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
which represents the wavelength of the base station antenna,
Figure 952686DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
denotes the number of antennas included in each sub-array, and i denotes a divisor.
Step S1044, discussing the case of a single propagation path (L = 1) and a plurality of propagation paths (L > 1), respectively, for
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
And rewriting, and then substituting into a mutual information calculation formula to solve mutual information values under two conditions. The method comprises the following specific steps:
when there is a single propagation path (L = 1): can obtain the product
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
The above formula is rewritten as:
Figure 330185DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
wherein, in the step (A),
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
，
Figure 660672DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
；
when there are multiple propagation paths (
Figure 715216DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
) The method comprises the following steps: can obtain the product
Figure 676218DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 950467DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
to represent
Figure 22328DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
The component of the first path;
Figure 196958DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
can be written as:
Figure 594441DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
，
Figure 120100DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
an element is
Figure 753907DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
Figure 783043DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
Is a diagonal matrix of the angles,
Figure 85849DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
an element is
Figure 833225DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
。
S105, acquiring all mutual information values
Figure 43626DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
Figure 927269DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
。
S106, according to the interleaving factor
Figure 168019DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The sub-connection structure is configured. I.e. in the same antenna sub-array, there is a gap between adjacent antennas
Figure 137112DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
And the antennas belonging to other sub-arrays have the highest spectrum efficiency of the staggered sub-connection structure.
In the embodiment of the invention, the mutual information value
Figure 620046DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The expression of (a) is derived as follows:
the following model was constructed: and setting the number of users in the cell as K, wherein each user is only provided with 1 receiving and transmitting antenna, and the base station side is provided with N receiving antennas. Order to
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
Representing a signal vector received by an uplink base station, wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
Indicating the signal received by the nth antenna of the base station. y can be expressed as
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
representing a user-to-base station channel matrix;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
indicates the transmission power of the k-th user,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
；
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
represents the vector of signals transmitted by the user,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
represents Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN).
Considering large scale fading model, the channel can be used
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
To indicate that the user is not in a normal position,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
representing the large scale fading coefficient from the kth user to the base station.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
The small-scale fading coefficient, which contains all k users, can be expressed as
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
Is the channel vector from the kth user to the base station.
Deducing according to the receiving end signal vector y and the channel H expression
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
I.e. mutual information value
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
。
In the embodiment of the present invention, simulation parameters of the configuration method of the hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure are shown in the following table. In the simulation parameters, the number of users is 32, the number of base station antennas is 256, the number of radio frequency chains is 32, the carrier frequency is 28GHZ, and the angle of arrival (AOA) is within the range
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
And uniformly distributed.
Number of users Base station antenna Number of radio frequency chains Carrier frequency (GHZ) AOA
32 256 32 28
Figure 79234DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
Is uniformly distributed
Substituting the simulation data in the table into the mutual information value
Figure 723842DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Formula, the optimum parameters can be calculated
Figure 445810DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
。
When the antenna spacing is an even multiple of a half wavelength,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
the frequency spectrum efficiency of the staggered structure is optimal; when the antenna spacing is an odd multiple of the half wavelength,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
the spectral efficiency of the interleaved structure is now optimal. As shown in the following table:
antenna spacing Optimum parameter
Figure 30638DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Even multiples of half wavelength 1
Odd multiples of half wavelength 2
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a configuration apparatus of a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The configuration device of the hybrid beam forming sub-connection structure comprises:
a building module 101, which configures N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station;
an antenna sub-array module 102, configured to divide the N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, where the antenna sub-arrays correspond to radio frequency chains one to one, and the number of antennas included in each antenna sub-array is calculated
Figure 154452DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
A divisor calculation module 103 for calculating divisor i according to user number K, using set
Figure 704382DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Z represents the number of submultiples i;
a mutual information value calculating module 104, configured to perform a loop on each element in the set D, and calculate a mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
Figure 913646DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And recording;
an interleaving factor obtaining module 105 for obtaining all mutual information values
Figure 472803DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
Figure 949659DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
；
A configuration module 106 for configuring the interleaving factor according to the interleaving factor
Figure 201649DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The sub-connection structure is configured.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In summary, the present invention constructs a radio frequency chain between the base station and the user, and calculates the mutual information value based on the divisor set of the number of users to obtain the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure, thereby achieving the optimal configuration of the interleaving sub-connection structure. The structural design is suitable for the conditions that the number of base station antennas is large and the number of users is large, compared with the traditional mixed beam forming, the used radio frequency chains are few, and the system energy consumption is low; the method has the advantages of low complexity, simplicity, feasibility, high energy efficiency and capability of obtaining good energy efficiency performance. The invention can reduce the number of radio frequency chains of a large-scale MIMO system when the number of base station antennas is more, is suitable for a millimeter wave communication system, and has the advantages of high convergence speed, easy realization and high system energy efficiency.
The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above description, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and such changes and modifications should fall within the protective scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for configuring a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure is applied to an uplink of a massive MIMO system, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station;
dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to the radio frequency chains one by one, and calculating the number of antennas contained in each antenna sub-array
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
Calculating its divisor i based on the number of users K, using the set
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Z represents the number of submultiples i;
circulating each element in the set D, and calculating the mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And recording;
obtaining all mutual information values
Figure 843411DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
；
According to the interleaving factor
Figure 337715DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The sub-connection structure is configured, that is, in the same antenna sub-array, there is a sub-connection structure between adjacent antennas
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Antennas belonging to other sub-arrays;
wherein the mutual information value
Figure 461660DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the display of the user can be expected to be,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
the determinant is shown to be a matrix,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is a unit matrix which is formed by the following steps,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
which is indicative of the number of users,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
which is indicative of the power of the user,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
indicates the number of antennas included in each sub-array,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
in order to simulate the beamforming matrix, the beamforming matrix is,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
to represent
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
in order to be a matrix of channels,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
to represent
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
a function representing the definition is presented to the user,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
the sub-multiple is represented as a function of,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
which represents the base station antenna spacing,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
indicating the wavelength of the base station antenna.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hybrid beamforming subconnection structure is configured as described in
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
To (1) a
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
The individual elements may be represented as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
indicates the total number of the propagation paths,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
the complex gain of the i path for the k user is represented, j represents the imaginary unit,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
means not exceeding
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Is the largest integer of (a), and
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
representing the angle of arrival of the ith path for the kth user,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
and K may be any value from K,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
means not exceeding
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Is the largest integer of (a) to (b),
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
to represent
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
M denotes an antenna index in the sub-array, d denotes a base station antenna spacing,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
which represents the wavelength of the base station antenna,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
denotes the number of antennas included in each sub-array, and i denotes a divisor.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the analog beamforming matrix is a matrix of beamforming antennas
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
The value of the element(s) depends on the connection structure of the radio frequency chain and the antenna in the phase shifter network, and then
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
To (1) a
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
An elementCan be expressed as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
。
4. the method of claim 1, wherein the sub-connection structure is calculated according to the number of propagation paths
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Taking the value of (A);
single propagation path (L = 1): can obtain the product
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
The above formula is rewritten as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
wherein, in the step (A),
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
；
multiple propagation paths (
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
): can obtain the product
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
Wherein，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
To represent
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
The component of the first path;
Figure 844754DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
can be written as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
an element is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
Is a diagonal matrix of the angles,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
an element is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein when the number of users K is Z, the divisor corresponds to the mutual information value
Figure 973640DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And when all the calculation is finished, the circulation is stopped.
6. A device for configuring a hybrid beamforming subconnection structure, comprising:
the system comprises a construction module, a receiving module and a transmitting module, wherein the construction module is used for configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station;
an antenna sub-array module for dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to the radio frequency chains one by one, and the number of antennas included in each antenna sub-array is calculated
Figure 327261DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
A divisor calculation module for calculating divisor i according to user number K and using set
Figure 171458DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Z represents the number of submultiples i;
a mutual information value calculating module for circulating each element in the set D and calculating the mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
Figure 901516DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And recording;
an interleaving factor obtaining module for obtaining all mutual information values
Figure 835974DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
；
A configuration module for configuring the interleaving factor according to the interleaving factor
Figure 642388DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The sub-connection structure is configured, that is, in the same antenna sub-array, there is a sub-connection structure between adjacent antennas
Figure 724613DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Antennas belonging to other sub-arrays;
wherein the mutual information value
Figure 979401DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 96262DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the display of the user can be expected to be,
Figure 604735DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
the determinant is shown to be a matrix,
Figure 111939DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is a unit matrix which is formed by the following steps,
Figure 918221DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
which is indicative of the number of users,
Figure 342118DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
which is indicative of the power of the user,
Figure 5181DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
indicates the number of antennas included in each sub-array,
Figure 999682DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
in order to simulate the beamforming matrix, the beamforming matrix is,
Figure 360387DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
to represent
Figure 389523DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
in order to be a matrix of channels,
Figure 995124DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
to represent
Figure 476921DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
Figure 890584DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
a function representing the definition is presented to the user,
Figure 321697DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
the sub-multiple is represented as a function of,
Figure 795404DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
which represents the base station antenna spacing,
Figure 498917DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
indicating the wavelength of the base station antenna.
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