CN113726393A - Configuration method and device of hybrid beam forming sub-connection structure - Google Patents
Configuration method and device of hybrid beam forming sub-connection structure Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for configuring a connection structure of a hybrid beam former, wherein the method comprises the following steps: configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station; dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to radio frequency chains one by one, and calculating the number of antennas contained in each antenna sub-array; calculating a divisor i of the users according to the number K of the users, and expressing the divisor i by a set D; circulating each element in the set D, calculating and recording a mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i; obtaining the maximum value of all the mutual information values, and taking the corresponding divisor i as the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure; configuring a sub-connection structure according to the interleaving factor. The invention can reduce the number of radio frequency chains of a large-scale MIMO system when the number of base station antennas is more, is suitable for a millimeter wave communication system, and has the advantages of high convergence speed, easy realization and high system energy efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a configuration method and a configuration device of a hybrid beam forming sub-connection structure.
Background
Millimeter wave and massive MIMO technology are one of the key technologies of 5G, and have been widely studied in recent years. One of the main reasons that millimeter wave technology is applied is: compared with a lower frequency band, the millimeter wave frequency band resource is richer, and higher system capacity can be brought. In addition, the millimeter wave frequency is high, the wavelength is short, and the deployment is easy. However, in the millimeter wave system, signals are easily blocked, which causes great loss, and the beamforming technology of massive MIMO can bring great gain to the signals. Therefore, the millimeter wave technology is combined with the large-scale MIMO technology, and the performance of the system can be greatly improved.
In the case of the conventional beamforming technology, the performance of the analog beamforming technology cannot meet the requirement, and the full digital beamforming technology uses a large number of radio frequency links, which may bring a huge overhead to the system. Therefore, both of these cannot meet the requirements of the current millimeter wave massive MIMO system. Thus, hybrid beamforming techniques have emerged. The hybrid beamforming technology is a feasible scheme, and not only can meet the requirements of system performance, but also can greatly reduce the system overhead.
The hybrid beam forming structure can be further divided into two types, a full connection structure and a sub connection structure, according to the topological structure of the connection between the antenna and the radio frequency chain. In the full link configuration, each antenna is connected to all rf chains, while in the sub-link configuration, a group of antennas, which is a subset of the antenna array, called an antenna sub-array, is connected to one rf chain. The frequency spectrum efficiency of the sub-connection structure is slightly lower than that of the full-connection structure, but compared with the full-connection structure, the number of phase shifters in the sub-connection structure is small, and the power consumption is lower. Therefore, the sub-connection structure has higher energy efficiency. The sub-connection structure achieves a tradeoff between system performance and hardware complexity. The sub-connection structure is divided into a local structure and a staggered structure according to the formation mode of the antenna sub-array. For the partial structure, the antennas in the antenna sub-array are adjacent and continuous, while in the staggered structure the antennas of the antenna sub-array are evenly dispersed throughout the antenna array.
The staggered structure has received much attention in recent years. In "ZHANG J A, HUANG X, DYADYUK V, et al, Massive hybrid antenna array for millimeter-wave cellular Communications [ J ]. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2015, 22(1): 79-87", it was demonstrated that the interleaved sub-connection structure enables faster arrival angle estimation using a lower complexity algorithm. The system performance of fixed interleaved sub-connection structures was explored in "PARK S, ALKHATEEB A, HEATH R W. Dynamic Precoding in Wideband mmWave MIMO Systems [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2017, 16(5): 2907-20.
In 2015, "ZHANG J a, HUANG X, dyad yuk V, et al. Massive hybrid antenna array for millimeter-wave cellular Communications [ J ]. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2015, 22(1): 79-87", although the authors consider factors affecting the spectral efficiency of the crossbar interconnect structure, and reflect that different crossbar interconnect structures have a large effect on the overall system performance, they do not provide specific parameters related to the optimal crossbar structure and how different crossbar interconnect structures have an effect on the system performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for configuring a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure, where the method is simple and feasible, and is particularly suitable for a scenario where the number of base station antennas is large or the number of users is large in a millimeter wave system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for configuring a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure is applied to an uplink of a massive MIMO system, and comprises the following steps: configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station; dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to the radio frequency chains one by one, and calculating the number of antennas contained in each antenna sub-array
(ii) a Calculating its divisor i based on the number of users K, using the set
Z represents the number of submultiples i; circulating each element in the set D, and calculating the mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
And recording; obtaining all mutual information values
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
(ii) a According to the interleaving factor
The sub-connection structure is configured.
As a preferred solution, the mutual information value
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein,
the display of the user can be expected to be,
the determinant is shown to be a matrix,
is a unit matrix which is formed by the following steps,
which is indicative of the number of users,
which is indicative of the power of the user,
indicates the number of antennas included in each sub-array,
in order to simulate the beamforming matrix, the beamforming matrix is,
to represent
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
in order to be a matrix of channels,
to represent
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
a function representing the definition is presented to the user,
which represents the interleaving factor, is the value of the interleaving factor,
which represents the base station antenna spacing,
indicating the wavelength of the base station antenna.
Preferably, the above-mentioned
To (1) a
The individual elements may be represented as:
wherein,
indicates the total number of the propagation paths,
the complex gain of the i path for the k user is represented, j represents the imaginary unit,
，
means not exceeding
Is the largest integer of (a), and
，
representing the angle of arrival of the ith path for the kth user,
and K may be any value from K,
means not exceeding
Is the largest integer of (a) to (b),
to represent
M denotes an antenna index in the sub-array, d denotes a base station antenna spacing,
which represents the wavelength of the base station antenna,
denotes the number of antennas included in each sub-array, and i denotes an interleaving factor.
As a preferred scheme, the analog beamforming matrix
The value of the element(s) depends on the connection structure of the radio frequency chain and the antenna in the phase shifter network, and then
To (1) a
The individual elements may be represented as:
wherein,
。
preferably, the propagation paths are calculated according to the number of propagation paths
Taking the value of (A);
single propagation path (L = 1): can obtain the product
The above formula is rewritten as:
wherein
multiple propagation paths (
): can obtain the product
Wherein,
to represent
The component of the first path;
can be written as:
wherein,
，
an element is
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of determining the interleaving factor
Configuring an antenna sub-array structure comprising: in the same antenna sub-array, adjacent antennas exist
And antennas belonging to other sub-arrays.
Preferably, when the number of users K is Z, the mutual information value corresponding to the divisor
And when all the calculation is finished, the circulation is stopped.
The invention also discloses a configuration device of the hybrid beam former connection structure, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a construction module, a receiving module and a transmitting module, wherein the construction module is used for configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station; an antenna sub-array module for dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to the radio frequency chains one by one, and the number of antennas included in each antenna sub-array is calculated
(ii) a A divisor calculation module for calculating divisor i according to user number K and using set
Z represents the number of submultiples i; a mutual information value calculating module for circulating each element in the set D and calculating the mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
And recording; an interleaving factor obtaining module for obtaining all mutual information values
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
(ii) a A configuration module for configuring the interleaving factor according to the interleaving factor
The sub-connection structure is configured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by constructing a radio frequency chain between a base station and a user, calculating a mutual information value based on a divisor set of the number of users, obtaining an interleaving factor of an optimal interleaving structure, and realizing optimal configuration of an interleaving sub-connection structure. The structural design is suitable for the conditions that the number of base station antennas is large and the number of users is large, compared with the traditional mixed beam forming, the used radio frequency chains are few, and the system energy consumption is low; the method has the advantages of low complexity, simplicity, feasibility, high energy efficiency and capability of obtaining good energy efficiency performance.
Drawings
The disclosure of the present invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the drawings are designed solely for the purposes of illustration and not as a definition of the limits of the invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for configuring a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a transmitting end and a receiving end of a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a configuration apparatus of a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is easily understood that according to the technical solution of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can propose various alternative structures and implementation ways without changing the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the technical aspects of the present invention, and should not be construed as all of the present invention or as limitations or limitations on the technical aspects of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a flow diagram of a configuration method of a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure is shown. The configuration method is applied to the uplink of the large-scale MIMO system and comprises the following steps:
s101, configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station, and providing service for K single-antenna users at the same time.
Referring to fig. 2, a block diagram of a transmitting end and a receiving end of the hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown. The figure comprises a plurality of users as transmitting terminals, and each user is provided with an antenna; the base station is used as a receiving end and is provided with a root antenna. The user side sends signals to the base station, the base station firstly carries out analog beam forming on the signals after receiving the signals, the phase of the received signals is independently changed, then the signals are sent to the digital beam forming device through the radio frequency chain, meanwhile, amplitude and phase adjustment are carried out on the signals, and finally the signals of the receiving end are obtained.
S102, dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to radio frequency chains one by one, and calculating the number of antennas contained in each antenna sub-array
。
S103, calculating the divisor i according to the number K of the users, and using the set
In this case, z represents the number of divisor i.
S104, circulating each element in the set D, and calculating the mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
And recorded. When the mutual information value corresponding to Z submultiples of the user number K
And when all the calculation is finished, the circulation is stopped.
The mutual information value
According to the channel matrix
Analog beamforming
The isoparametric calculation is obtained, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1041, simulating a beamforming matrix
Dereferencing, analog beamforming matrix
The value of the element(s) depends on the connection structure of the radio frequency chain and the antenna in the phase shifter network, and then
wherein,
. According to the divisor of the number K of users, Z kinds can be obtained
The value of (a).
Step S1042, the mutual information value
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein,
the display of the user can be expected to be,
the determinant is shown to be a matrix,
is a unit matrix which is formed by the following steps,
which is indicative of the number of users,
which is indicative of the power of the user,
indicates the number of antennas included in each sub-array,
in order to simulate the beamforming matrix, the beamforming matrix is,
to represent
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
in order to be a matrix of channels,
to represent
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
a function representing the definition is presented to the user,
which represents the interleaving factor, is the value of the interleaving factor,
which represents the base station antenna spacing,
indicating the wavelength of the base station antenna.
In the step S1043, the step of,
to (1) a
The individual elements may be represented as:
wherein,
indicates the total number of the propagation paths,
indicating the complex gain of the ith path of the kth user, i.e. indicating
A circularly symmetric complex gaussian distribution with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1 is obeyed. j represents the unit of an imaginary number,
，
means not exceeding
Is the largest integer of (a), and
，
representing the angle of arrival of the ith path for the kth user,
and K may be any value from K,
representing a number different from k.
Means not exceeding
Is the largest integer of (a) to (b),
to represent
M denotes an antenna index in the sub-array, d denotes a base station antenna spacing,
which represents the wavelength of the base station antenna,
denotes the number of antennas included in each sub-array, and i denotes an interleaving factor.
Step S1044, respectively discussing the situations of a single propagation path () and a plurality of propagation paths (), rewriting the propagation paths () and then bringing the propagation paths () into a mutual information calculation formula, and solving the mutual information value under the two situations. The method comprises the following specific steps:
when there is a single propagation path (L = 1): can obtain the product
The above formula is rewritten as:
wherein
when there are multiple propagation paths (
) The method comprises the following steps: can obtain the product
Wherein,
to represent
The component of the first path;
can be written as:
wherein,
，
an element is
S105, acquiring all mutual information values
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
。
S106, according to the interleaving factor
The sub-connection structure is configured. I.e. in the same antenna sub-array, there is a gap between adjacent antennas
And the antennas belonging to other sub-arrays have the highest spectrum efficiency of the staggered sub-connection structure.
In the embodiment of the invention, the mutual information value
The expression of (a) is derived as follows:
the following model was constructed: the number of users in the cell is set as 1, each user is only provided with a receiving antenna, and the base station side is provided with a receiving antenna. Order to
Representing a signal vector received by an uplink base station, wherein
Representing the signal received by the nth antenna of the base station. y can be expressed as
Wherein,
representing a user-to-base station channel matrix;
，
indicates the transmission power of the k-th user,
；
represents the vector of signals transmitted by the user,
represents Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN).
Considering large scale fading model, the channel can be used
To indicate that the user is not in a normal position,
，
representing the large scale fading coefficient from the kth user to the base station.
The small-scale fading coefficient, which contains all k users, can be expressed as
，
Is the channel vector from the kth user to the base station.
Deducing according to the receiving end signal vector y and the channel H expression
I.e. mutual information value
。
In the embodiment of the present invention, simulation parameters of the configuration method of the hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure are shown in the following table. In the simulation parameters, the number of users is 32, the number of base station antennas is 256, the number of radio frequency chains is 32, the carrier frequency is 28GHZ, and the angle of arrival (AOA) is within the range
Uniform distribution of upper obeys:
| number of users | Base station antenna | Number of radio frequency chains | Carrier frequency (GHZ) | AOA |
| 32 | 256 | 32 | 28 |  |
Substituting the simulation data in the table into the mutual information value
Formula, the optimum parameters can be calculated
。
When the antenna spacing is an even multiple of a half wavelength,
the frequency spectrum efficiency of the staggered structure is optimal; when the antenna spacing is an odd multiple of the half wavelength,
the spectral efficiency of the interleaved structure is now optimal. As shown in the following table:
| antenna spacing | Optimum parameter |
| Even multiples of |
1 |
| Odd multiples of |
2 |
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a configuration apparatus of a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The configuration device of the hybrid beam forming sub-connection structure comprises:
a building module 101, which configures N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station;
an antenna array module 102, configured to divide the N antennas of the base station into M antenna arrays, where the antenna sub-arrays correspond to the radio frequency chains one to one, and the number of antennas included in each antenna sub-array is calculated
；
A divisor calculation module 103 for calculating divisor i according to user number K, using set
Z represents the number of submultiples i;
a mutual information value calculating module 104, configured to perform a loop on each element in the set D, and calculate a mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
And recording;
an interleaving factor obtaining module 105 for obtaining all mutual information values
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
；
A configuration module 106 for configuring the interleaving factor according to the interleaving factor
The sub-connection structure is configured.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In summary, the present invention constructs a radio frequency chain between the base station and the user, and calculates the mutual information value based on the divisor set of the number of users to obtain the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure, thereby achieving the optimal configuration of the interleaving sub-connection structure. The structural design is suitable for the conditions that the number of base station antennas is large and the number of users is large, compared with the traditional mixed beam forming, the used radio frequency chains are few, and the system energy consumption is low; the method has the advantages of low complexity, simplicity, feasibility, high energy efficiency and capability of obtaining good energy efficiency performance. The invention can reduce the number of radio frequency chains of a large-scale MIMO system when the number of base station antennas is more, is suitable for a millimeter wave communication system, and has the advantages of high convergence speed, easy realization and high system energy efficiency.
The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above description, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and such changes and modifications should fall within the protective scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for configuring a hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure is applied to an uplink of a massive MIMO system, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station;
dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to the radio frequency chains one by one, and calculating the number of antennas contained in each antenna sub-array
；
Calculating its divisor i based on the number of users K, using the set
Z represents the number of submultiples i;
circulating each element in the set D, and calculating the mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
And recording;
obtaining all mutual information values
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
；
According to the interleaving factor
The sub-connection structure is configured.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutual information value is the sum of the values of the first and second sub-connection structures
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein,
the display of the user can be expected to be,
the determinant is shown to be a matrix,
is a unit matrix which is formed by the following steps,
which is indicative of the number of users,
which is indicative of the power of the user,
indicates the number of antennas included in each sub-array,
in order to simulate the beamforming matrix, the beamforming matrix is,
to represent
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
in order to be a matrix of channels,
to represent
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
a function representing the definition is presented to the user,
which represents the interleaving factor, is the value of the interleaving factor,
which represents the base station antenna spacing,
indicating the wavelength of the base station antenna.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the hybrid beamforming subconnection structure is configured as described in
To (1) a
The individual elements may be represented as:
wherein,
indicates the total number of the propagation paths,
the ith bar representing the kth userThe complex gain of the path, j denotes the imaginary unit,
，
means not exceeding
Is the largest integer of (a), and
，
representing the angle of arrival of the ith path for the kth user,
and K may be any value from K,
means not exceeding
Is the largest integer of (a) to (b),
to represent
M denotes an antenna index in the sub-array, d denotes a base station antenna spacing,
which represents the wavelength of the base station antenna,
each representsThe number of antennas included in each sub-array, i, represents an interleaving factor.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the analog beamforming matrix is a matrix of the hybrid beamforming sub-connection structure
The value of the element(s) depends on the connection structure of the radio frequency chain and the antenna in the phase shifter network, and then
To (1) a
The individual elements may be represented as:
wherein,
。
5. the method of claim 2, wherein the sub-connection structure is calculated according to the number of propagation paths
Taking the value of (A);
single propagation path (L = 1): can obtain the product
The above formula is rewritten as:
wherein
multiple propagation paths (
): can obtain the product
Wherein,
to represent
The component of the first path;
can be written as:
wherein,
，
an element is
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the hybrid beamforming subconnection structure is configured according to an interleaving factor
Configuring an antenna sub-array structure comprising: in the same antenna sub-array, adjacent antennas exist
And antennas belonging to other sub-arrays.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein when the number of users K is Z, the divisor corresponds to the mutual information value
And when all the calculation is finished, the circulation is stopped.
8. A device for configuring a hybrid beamforming subconnection structure, comprising:
the system comprises a construction module, a receiving module and a transmitting module, wherein the construction module is used for configuring N antennas and M radio frequency chains on a base station;
an antenna sub-array module for dividing N antennas of the base station into M antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-arrays correspond to the radio frequency chains one by one, and each antenna is calculatedNumber of antennas included in sub-array
；
A divisor calculation module for calculating divisor i according to user number K and using set
Z represents the number of submultiples i;
a mutual information value calculating module for circulating each element in the set D and calculating the mutual information value corresponding to each divisor i
And recording;
an interleaving factor obtaining module for obtaining all mutual information values
The maximum value in (b), then the corresponding divisor i is the interleaving factor of the optimal interleaving structure
；
A configuration module for configuring the interleaving factor according to the interleaving factor
The sub-connection structure is configured.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140126620A1 (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-08 | Alexander Alexandrovich Maltsev | Apparatus, system and method of beam selection for beamformed diversity wireless communication |
| US20190013847A1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc | System and Method for Adaptive Beamforming Communication |
| CN110518952A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-29 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of codebook-based adaptive grouping broadband mixed-beam Shape design method |
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2021
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| US20140126620A1 (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-08 | Alexander Alexandrovich Maltsev | Apparatus, system and method of beam selection for beamformed diversity wireless communication |
| US20190013847A1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc | System and Method for Adaptive Beamforming Communication |
| CN110518952A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-29 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of codebook-based adaptive grouping broadband mixed-beam Shape design method |
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