CN113725820A - Over-power protection method and protection circuit of flyback converter and flyback converter - Google Patents
Over-power protection method and protection circuit of flyback converter and flyback converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113725820A CN113725820A CN202110601728.XA CN202110601728A CN113725820A CN 113725820 A CN113725820 A CN 113725820A CN 202110601728 A CN202110601728 A CN 202110601728A CN 113725820 A CN113725820 A CN 113725820A
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
- H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an overpower protection method and a protection circuit of a flyback converter and the flyback converter. The invention can accurately realize the over-power protection and is easy to realize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power electronics, in particular to an over-power protection method and a protection circuit of a flyback converter and the flyback converter.
Background
In the prior art, there is a need for output over-power protection in some power supply applications, especially in PD fast charging adapters, where it is desirable to limit the power of the adapter to a set value at different output voltages. In the flyback PWM controller shown in fig. 1, an Over Power Protection (OPP) is triggered by detecting the voltage at the FB (or COMP) pin when the FB pin is greater than a fixed threshold for a period of time.
Because the FB pin voltage is different for the same power point at different input voltages. Under the same load condition, when the voltage is input at low voltage, the voltage of the FB pin is high, and when the voltage is input at high voltage, the voltage of the FB pin is low. Input voltage compensation is usually required. However, even if the input voltage compensation is added, it is difficult to achieve accurate over-power protection in the whole input voltage range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an over-power protection method of a flyback converter with accurate over-power protection, a protection circuit and the flyback converter, and solves the problem of inaccurate over-power protection in the prior art.
Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides a control method of a flyback converter, in which a sampling resistor is connected to a primary main power tube of the flyback converter, a voltage peak of the sampling resistor is detected to obtain a first peak voltage, the first peak voltage is multiplied by a target parameter to obtain a first control signal, and whether to start over-power protection is determined according to the first control signal and an over-power reference signal.
Optionally, a product of the first control signal and a fixed parameter represents an output power of the flyback converter, the first control signal is a variable, and the fixed parameter is a constant.
Optionally, the target parameter is a product of a duty cycle of the synchronous rectifier and an output voltage feedback signal.
Optionally, the target parameter is half of a product of a duty ratio of the primary side main power tube and the first current; the first current is a current flowing through the auxiliary winding during conduction of the main power tube.
Optionally, the target parameter is a product of the first peak voltage and the switching frequency.
Optionally, when it is determined that the over-power protection needs to be started, the primary side main power tube is turned off.
The invention also provides an overpower protection circuit of the flyback converter, wherein the sampling resistor is connected with the primary main power tube of the flyback converter, and the voltage peak value of the sampling resistor is detected to obtain a first peak voltage;
multiplying the first peak voltage by a target parameter to obtain a first control signal;
and judging whether the over-power protection is started or not according to the first control signal and the over-power reference signal.
Optionally, a product of the first control signal and a fixed parameter represents an output power of the flyback converter, the first control signal is a variable, and the fixed parameter is a constant.
Optionally, the secondary rectifier tube control circuit comprises a switching time detection circuit, an arithmetic circuit and a first comparator, wherein the switching time detection circuit detects the conduction time and the switching period of the secondary rectifier tube, the arithmetic circuit calculates the duty ratio of the secondary rectifier tube according to the conduction time and the switching period of the secondary rectifier tube, and multiplies the duty ratio of the secondary rectifier tube, the first peak voltage and the output voltage feedback signal to obtain the first control signal; the first comparator compares a first control signal with an over-power reference signal, and when the first control signal is greater than the over-power reference signal, the primary side main power tube is controlled to be turned off, and over-power protection is started; and the product of the duty ratio of the secondary rectifier tube and the output voltage feedback signal is the target parameter.
Optionally, the voltage sampling circuit comprises a mean value circuit, an arithmetic circuit and a first comparator, wherein the mean value circuit receives the first peak voltage, calculates a mean value of sampling resistance voltages according to the first peak voltage, and outputs a mean value signal; the arithmetic circuit multiplies the average value signal by a first current to obtain the first control signal, wherein the first current is the current flowing through an auxiliary winding during the conduction period of the main power tube; the first comparator compares a first control signal with an over-power reference signal, and when the first control signal is greater than the over-power reference signal, the primary side main power tube is controlled to be turned off, and over-power protection is started; the half of the product of the first peak voltage and the duty ratio of the primary side main power tube represents the average value of the voltage of the sampling resistor, and the half of the product of the duty ratio of the primary side main power tube and the first current is the target parameter; .
Optionally, the integrated circuit includes an arithmetic circuit and a first comparator, where the arithmetic circuit calculates a square of the first peak voltage to obtain a first control signal, and integrates the over-power reference signal in a switching period to obtain an integrated signal; the first comparator compares the first control signal with the integral signal, and when the first control signal is greater than the integral signal, the primary side main power tube is controlled to be turned off, and the over-power protection is started; the product of the first peak voltage and the switching frequency is the target parameter.
The invention also provides a flyback converter which comprises the over-power protection circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the invention, a bias voltage is superposed on the negative pressure end of the sampling resistor to obtain a first voltage, a first peak voltage is obtained by sampling, and whether the overpower protection is started or not is judged according to the first peak voltage and an internally set reference voltage. The invention can realize accurate over-power protection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a controller and peripheral circuits of a flyback converter in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an over-power protection circuit of a flyback converter according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flyback converter over-power protection circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the flyback converter over-power protection circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to only these embodiments. The invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
The invention is described in more detail in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale for the purpose of facilitating and clearly explaining the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the over-power protection circuit of the present invention is illustrated, and a specific over-power protection principle is based on a sampling protection method of P ═ Vo × Io: obtaining a feedback signal VS of the output voltage by detecting the voltage of the VSpin, and referring to FIG. 2, the VSpin is a sampling pin of the output voltage of the auxiliary winding; estimating Io through CSpin detection information, wherein the output power formula is as follows:
recombining the formula (1) to obtain the formula (2)
Left half V of equation (2)CS_PEAK·DSVS is variable and the right half is constant. V in the formulas (1) and (2)CS_PEAKFor the peak value of VCS voltage, Ds is the duty ratio of a synchronous rectifier tube D1, VS is an output voltage feedback signal, Np is the number of turns of a primary winding, Ns is the number of turns of a secondary winding, Naux is the number of turns of an auxiliary winding, Rcs is a primary current sampling resistor, RUPAnd RDOWNAre respectively the divider resistors at the output end of the auxiliary transformer. Separately sample VCS_PEAKCalculating the sizes of Tons, Ts and VS, calculating the duty ratio Ds of the synchronous rectifier tube to be Tons/Ton, and then calculating V through a multiplierCS_PEAK·DSVS, comparing the calculated result Vc1 of the product with the internally set overpower reference signal Vopp when Vc1>And when Vopp, starting the over-power protection.
The corresponding schematic diagram implementation way is that, taking application to a flyback converter as an example, a sampling resistor Rcs is connected with a primary power tube and then connected with a large ground end, the common connection end of the sampling resistor Rcs and the power tube is a controller reference ground end, a peak voltage sampling circuit U101 detects the voltage peak value of the sampling resistor to obtain a first peak voltage Vpeak, a switching time detection circuit U104 schematically detects the conduction time of a main power tube, the conduction time of a synchronous rectifier tube and the switching period, an operation circuit U102 receives the first peak voltage Vpeak, the operation circuit U102 calculates the duty ratio of a secondary rectifier tube through the switching time of the flyback converter, and the first peak voltage Vpeak, the duty ratio of the secondary rectifier and the output voltage are calculated to obtain a first control signal Vc1, and the first comparator U103 compares the first control signal Vc1 with the over-power reference signal Vopp to determine whether the over-power protection needs to be started.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the over-power protection circuit of the present invention is illustrated, and a specific over-power protection principle is as follows: based on the sampling protection method of P Vi Ii, the output power expression calculated based on the input power is as the formula (3):
wherein D is the duty cycle of the primary switching tube, as shown in fig. 2, and D is Ton/Tsw; i isVSThe explanation of other parameters is the same as that in the principle of the first embodiment, for the magnitude of the current flowing out of the VSpin when the primary power tube is turned on. Recombining equation (3) yields equation (4), where efficiency η is considered to be approximately constant,
left half of equation (4)
Is a variable, and the right half is a constant. Separate sampling by chip
(i.e., average value of CS voltage) and IVSAnd then, calculating the product of the two signals through a multiplier, and comparing the calculation result of the product with an internal over-power reference signal to realize over-power protection.
The corresponding schematic diagram implementation is as follows: similar to the principle of the first embodiment, the same parts are not repeated, the peak voltage sampling circuit U101 samples to obtain the first peak voltage Vpeak, the average circuit U102 receives the first peak voltage Vpeak, and the average value of the sampled resistance voltage is calculated as the average value of the sampled resistance voltage according to the first peak voltage Vpeak and the duty ratio of the primary side main power tube
Arithmetic circuit U103 calculation samplingAverage value Va of sample resistance voltage and current I flowing into VSpin pinVSThe first comparator U104 compares the first control signal Vc1 with the over-power reference signal Vopp to determine whether the over-power protection needs to be activated.
As shown in fig. 4, which illustrates three schematic diagrams of the embodiment of the over-power protection circuit of the present invention, the specific over-power protection circuit principle is based on the sampling protection method of P ═ 0.5 × Lm × Ipeak ^2 ^ fs: the output power expression calculated based on the flyback excitation inductance power is as the formula (5):
wherein eta is the ratio of the output power to the exciting inductance power, which is approximately regarded as a constant, f is the switching frequency, Lm primary side inductance, and the explanation of other parameters is the same as that in the principle of the embodiment. Recombining equation (5) to obtain equation (6):
left half of equation (6) VCS_PEAK 2F is a variable and the right half is a constant. Wherein VCS_PEAK 2F is more difficult to compute. Can realize protection by the method, and set the internal part and VCS_PEAK 2If the over-power reference signal to be compared is VoppCS_PEAK 2Compared to Vopp/f. Vopp/f can be converted to equation (7):
where Tsw is the switching period, Vopp/f can be simply integrated and accumulated from Vopp during one switching period. The chip calculates V through a multiplierCS_PEAK 2And comparing with the internally calculated Vopp/f to realize over-power protection.
The corresponding schematic diagram implementation manner is similar to the principle of the first embodiment, and is not repeated for the same parts, the peak voltage sampling circuit U101 samples to obtain the first peak voltage Vpeak, the operation circuit U102 receives the first peak voltage Vpeak, calculates the square of the first peak voltage Vpeak to obtain V1, integrates the overpower reference voltage in a switching period to obtain an integrated signal V2, and the first comparator U103 compares the V1 signal with the V2 signal to determine whether overpower protection needs to be started.
According to the embodiment, when the overpower protection is judged to be needed to be started, the main power tube is controlled to be turned off; the conduction of the main power tube can be controlled according to a clock signal or other conduction control signals.
Although the embodiments have been described and illustrated separately, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that some common techniques may be substituted and integrated between the embodiments, and reference may be made to one of the embodiments not explicitly described, or to another embodiment described.
The above-described embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the above-described embodiments should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution.
Claims (12)
1. An over-power protection method of a flyback converter is characterized in that a sampling resistor is connected with a primary main power tube of the flyback converter, and the method comprises the following steps: detecting a voltage peak value of a sampling resistor to obtain a first peak voltage, multiplying the first peak voltage by a target parameter to obtain a first control signal, and judging whether to start over-power protection according to the first control signal and an over-power reference signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: the product of the first control signal and a fixed parameter represents the output power of the flyback converter, the first control signal is a variable, and the fixed parameter is a constant.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the target parameter is the product of the duty ratio of the synchronous rectifier tube and the output voltage feedback signal.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the target parameter is half of the product of the duty ratio of the primary side main power tube and the first current; the first current is a current flowing through the auxiliary winding during conduction of the main power tube.
5. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the target parameter is a product of the first peak voltage and the switching frequency.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: and when judging that the overpower protection needs to be started, the primary side main power tube is turned off.
7. The utility model provides a flyback converter's overpower protection circuit, sampling resistor connects flyback converter primary side main power tube which characterized in that:
detecting a voltage peak value of the sampling resistor to obtain a first peak voltage;
multiplying the first peak voltage by a target parameter to obtain a first control signal;
and judging whether the over-power protection is started or not according to the first control signal and the over-power reference signal.
8. The over-power protection circuit of the flyback converter of claim 7, wherein: the product of the first control signal and a fixed parameter represents the output power of the flyback converter, the first control signal is a variable, and the fixed parameter is a constant.
9. The over-power protection circuit of the flyback converter according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: the switching time detection circuit detects the conduction time and the switching period of the secondary rectifier tube, the operation circuit calculates the duty ratio of the secondary rectifier tube according to the conduction time and the switching period of the secondary rectifier tube, and multiplies the duty ratio of the secondary rectifier tube, a first peak voltage and an output voltage feedback signal to obtain a first control signal; the first comparator compares a first control signal with an over-power reference signal, and when the first control signal is greater than the over-power reference signal, the primary side main power tube is controlled to be turned off, and over-power protection is started; and the product of the duty ratio of the secondary rectifier tube and the output voltage feedback signal is the target parameter.
10. The over-power protection circuit of the flyback converter according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: the average circuit receives the first peak voltage, calculates the average value of the sampling resistance voltage according to the first peak voltage and outputs an average value signal; the arithmetic circuit multiplies the average value signal by a first current to obtain the first control signal, wherein the first current is the current flowing through an auxiliary winding during the conduction period of the main power tube; the first comparator compares a first control signal with an over-power reference signal, and when the first control signal is greater than the over-power reference signal, the primary side main power tube is controlled to be turned off, and over-power protection is started; and the half of the product of the first peak voltage and the duty ratio of the primary side main power tube represents the average value of the voltage of the sampling resistor, and the half of the product of the duty ratio of the primary side main power tube and the first current is the target parameter.
11. The over-power protection circuit of the flyback converter according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: the control circuit comprises an arithmetic circuit and a first comparator, wherein the arithmetic circuit calculates the square of the first peak voltage to obtain a first control signal, and integrates an overpower reference signal in a switching period to obtain an integral signal; the first comparator compares the first control signal with the integral signal, and when the first control signal is greater than the integral signal, the primary side main power tube is controlled to be turned off, and the over-power protection is started; the product of the first peak voltage and the switching frequency is the target parameter.
12. A flyback converter characterized by: comprising the over-power protection circuit of any of claims 7-11.
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| CN202110601728.XA CN113725820B (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-05-31 | Over-power protection method and circuit for flyback converter and flyback converter |
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| CN202110601728.XA CN113725820B (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-05-31 | Over-power protection method and circuit for flyback converter and flyback converter |
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| CN115603283A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-01-13 | 珠海智融科技股份有限公司（Cn） | Flyback protection circuit |
| CN115912936A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-04-04 | 成都智融微电子有限公司 | Flyback switching power supply circuit, flyback switching power supply control method and power supply device |
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| CN113725820B (en) | 2024-05-24 |
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