CN113725585B - Metal platform embedded vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal end-fire antenna - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
A metal platform embedded type vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal end-fire antenna. The invention relates to a metal platform embedded ultra-wideband vertical polarization end-fire antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The low-frequency antenna comprises a metal cavity, a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and an upper-layer metal cover plate, wherein the second dielectric substrate is placed in the metal cavity, the first dielectric substrate is perpendicular to the second dielectric substrate, a half of gradually-changed slotted antenna is adopted on the second dielectric substrate as a radiation main body part of the low-frequency antenna, and the radiation main body part of the low-frequency antenna is connected with the bottom of the cavity, so that the low-frequency antenna can not only ensure a vertical polarization working mode, but also can be well matched with a 50 omega input port; half of the gradually-changed slot-type antenna is used as a main body of the high-frequency antenna, is reversely placed above a low-frequency antenna radiation main body and is connected with an upper-layer metal cover plate, so that the high-frequency antenna can not only ensure a vertical polarization working mode, but also can be well matched with a 50 omega input port. The antenna has good end-fire effect along the surface of the platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, relates to a conformal antenna technology of a carrier of an ultra-high-speed aircraft, and particularly relates to an embedded vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal end-fire antenna of a metal platform.
Background
With the rapid development in the technical fields of modern radar, wireless communication, electronic countermeasure and the like and the complexity of battlefields, the anti-radiation missile technology for implementing destructive attack on radar or other radiation sources also puts higher and higher requirements. The anti-radiation system utilizes a receiving and processing system of radiation signals to capture and track electromagnetic radiation signals of a target radar and the like, then directionally attack a radiation source target and destroy the radiation source target, is a tactical weapon, is widely applied to multiple modern local wars, and becomes an effective mode for destroying targets such as enemy radars and the like. The performance of the antenna system as an important component is directly related to the working performance of the whole anti-radiation system. Meanwhile, electronic systems with different functions need to be integrated in the limited space of the anti-radiation missile to complete different work tasks, so that the indexes of the antenna such as size, weight and the like need to be strictly controlled, a plurality of electronic systems can be integrated, and the requirement of a battlefield is met. Therefore, the performance indexes of the antenna such as frequency coverage, gain, directivity, size, weight and the like directly determine the battlefield efficiency of the anti-radiation system.
For conformal antennas to be mounted on high speed aircraft, the antennas need to have low profile characteristics or be fully embedded in large metal platforms in order to reduce aerodynamic drag. However, the antenna is embedded into a complex metal platform, which means that the antenna is surrounded by a metal environment, and the metal around the antenna can have a great influence on the electrical performance of the antenna itself, especially for the antenna for realizing the end-fire performance, the metal around the antenna can shield the electromagnetic wave, so that the effective beam coverage cannot be obtained in the end-fire direction.
In the existing mature antenna technology, the antenna forms capable of realizing end-to-end radiation include log periodic antenna, yagi-uda antenna and the like, wherein the antenna is composed of a plurality of groups of metal oscillators with different lengths, and the end-to-end radiation effect is achieved by generating phase difference between adjacent oscillators. However, the end-fire antenna has the disadvantages of large size, narrow operating frequency band (the log periodic antenna can widen the operating frequency band by increasing the number of metal elements with corresponding lengths, but the antenna structure composition is more complicated), difficulty in conforming to a metal carrier platform, and the like in engineering application, and is generally difficult to meet the current application requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Most broadband endfire antennas currently do not have the ability to be embedded conformally with a metal carrier platform because conformal mounting of a metal carrier platform can severely degrade the electrical performance of such antennas, and few antennas that are conformal and capable of endfirectional radiation suffer from poor radiation efficiency.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the metal platform embedded type vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal end-fire antenna working in the ultrahigh frequency band, so that the antenna can still obtain a good end-fire effect along the surface of the platform after being embedded into a complex platform.
Technical scheme
The metal platform embedded type vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal end-fire antenna is characterized by comprising a metal cavity, a first medium substrate, a second medium substrate and an upper layer metal cover plate, wherein the metal cavity is divided into a front part and a rear part, the front part is of an upper opening structure which gradually opens from the bottom to the upper part, and the rear part is of a rectangular cavity structure which is not capped; the first dielectric substrate is horizontally positioned at the front part top opening of the metal cavity, and the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is provided with a second metal radiation coating; the second dielectric substrate is perpendicular to the first dielectric substrate and inserted into the inner cavity of the front part of the metal cavity, and a fifth metal plating layer for coupling feed and a first metal radiation plating layer for radiation are respectively arranged on two sides of the second dielectric substrate; the second metal radiation coating is connected with the first metal radiation coating; the upper metal cover plate is positioned at the top opening of the rear part of the metal cavity.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the second metal radiation coating is of an isosceles trapezoid structure, and regular rectangular grooves are formed in the isosceles trapezoid structure at equal intervals.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the fifth metal plating layer is mushroom-shaped and is connected with the coaxial feeder line.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described as follows: the first metal radiation coating is in a narrow blade shape, and a section of gradually-changed metal contour with larger curvature, namely a low-frequency antenna radiation area, is arranged below the front side of the first metal radiation coating; a fan-shaped slot is formed below the rear side of the first metal radiation coating; a folding line groove is arranged above the front side of the first metal radiation coating; a section of gradually-changed metal contour with smaller curvature, namely a high-frequency antenna radiation area, is arranged above the middle part of the first metal radiation coating; a rectangular groove is arranged on the rear side of the high-frequency antenna radiation area.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: and a third metal plating layer is also arranged on the first dielectric substrate, and the first dielectric substrate is welded with the metal cavity through the third metal plating layer.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: and a fourth metal plating layer is also arranged on the second dielectric substrate, and the second dielectric substrate is welded with the metal cavity through the fourth metal plating layer.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the fourth metal plating layer is L-shaped.
Advantageous effects
The metal platform embedded type vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal end-fire antenna which can be well conformal with a metal carrier platform and works in an ultra-high frequency band provided by the invention can be embedded conformal with the metal carrier platform, can also have a better end-fire effect and impedance matching in an ultra-wide working frequency band, and also has the advantages of high radiation efficiency and stable electrical property.
The beneficial effects comprise the following parts:
1. the antenna can be embedded and conformal with the metal carrier platform, and the electrical property of the antenna can not be seriously deteriorated, because the antenna is provided with the metal cavity structure, the electrical property of the antenna is stable and is slightly influenced by the environment, so that after the antenna is conformal with the metal carrier platform, the electrical property of the antenna can not be seriously deteriorated due to the influence of the metal carrier;
2. the antenna has extremely low profile height, only 20mm (17 mm at the lowest part), and the electrical size of 0.113 lambda, which is beneficial to conformal installation with a carrier;
3. the antenna adopts an innovative ultra-wideband antenna common-caliber nesting technology, and electromagnetic coupling characteristics between high-low dual-band radiation structures are considered through reasonable spatial layout, so that two sets of radiation structures can work together at a common caliber, and the space occupied by the antenna is greatly saved;
4. the metal cavity body is wrapped at the periphery of the antenna, and the internal structure of the cavity body is designed through innovation on the premise that the overall envelope volume is not increased, so that a low-Q (quality factor) metal cavity body is constructed, resonance inside the metal cavity body is greatly weakened, and the antenna has ultra-wide working bandwidth. Compared with the common method for weakening the resonance in the cavity and widening the bandwidth by adding the wave-absorbing material, the method has the advantage of high radiation efficiency.
The antenna has the advantages that the height of the section of the antenna is 20mm (0.113 lambda), the antenna can be embedded and conformally installed on a metal carrier platform, the antenna can still realize good impedance matching in an ultrahigh frequency band of 2GHz-18GHz under the condition that metal shielding exists around the antenna, the voltage standing wave ratio in the full frequency band is less than 3, end-to-end radiation along the surface of the metal carrier is realized in a vertical polarization working mode, and meanwhile, the antenna also has the advantages of stable electrical performance and high radiation efficiency in a metal installation environment.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a three-dimensional modeling of a metal platform embedded vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal endfire antenna according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a third metal plating layer; 2-a fourth metal plating layer; 3-a fifth metal plating layer; 4-a first metal radiation coating; 5-second metal radiation coating; 6-a first dielectric substrate; 7-a second dielectric substrate; 8-a metal cavity; 9-upper metal cover plate.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a metal plating layer that is primarily radiating within the antenna cavity and a second dielectric substrate to which the metal plating layer is attached.
In the figure: 10-a folding line groove; 11-low frequency antenna radiation area; 12-high frequency antenna radiation area.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the metal plating layer on the upper portion of the antenna cavity and the first dielectric substrate to which the metal plating layer is attached.
In the figure: 13-regular rectangular groove.
Fig. 4 is a second metal radiation plating structure.
Fig. 5 shows a specific state diagram of the antenna proposed by the present invention in a metal carrier environment.
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional view of a metal cavity modeled stereoscopically: FIG. 6 (a) is a three-dimensional view of a metal cavity and an upper metal cover plate; FIG. 6 (b) is a three-view drawing showing a metal chamber; fig. 6 (c) is a three-dimensional view showing the upper metal cover plate.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing voltage standing wave ratios actually measured in the frequency bands of 2GHz-8GHz and 8GHz-18GHz by the antenna in the specific example.
Fig. 8 shows the elevation gain patterns (forward direction in the direction of 90 °) of the antenna in the embodiment at multiple frequency points (2 GHz, 4GHz, 6GHz, 8GHz, 13GHz, and 18 GHz).
Fig. 9 is an azimuth gain pattern (0 ° direction is forward direction) of the antenna in the specific example at a plurality of frequency points (2 GHz, 4GHz, 6GHz, 8GHz, 13GHz, 18 GHz).
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides an innovative design for a gradual change slot line type antenna, namely a metal platform embedded type vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal end-fire antenna, and the technical scheme is as follows: half of the gradually-changed slotted antenna is used as a radiation main body part of the low-frequency antenna, and the low-frequency antenna radiation main body part is connected with the bottom of the cavity, so that the low-frequency antenna can not only ensure a vertical polarization working mode, but also be well matched with a 50 omega input port. The top loading with regular rectangular grooves is arranged on the top of the low-frequency antenna radiation main body part, so that the height of the antenna can be effectively reduced, and compared with the traditional vertical polarization gradual change groove line type antenna, the final height of the antenna provided by the invention is reduced by more than 50%. In the invention, an innovative common-caliber nesting scheme is adopted for the high-frequency antenna, half of the gradually-changed slotted antenna is used as a main body of the high-frequency antenna, and is reversely placed above a low-frequency antenna radiation main body and then is connected with the upper-layer metal cover plate, so that the high-frequency antenna not only can ensure the vertical polarization working mode, but also can be well matched with a 50 omega input port, and at the moment, the low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna can be nested in a same metal coating in a common-caliber manner. And finally, mounting the medium substrate printed with the high-low frequency antenna metal coating inside the low-Q metal cavity provided by the invention, and fixing the upper medium substrate and the metal cover plate to finally obtain the metal platform embedded type vertical polarized ultra-wideband conformal end-fire antenna. It is worth mentioning that the low-Q metal cavity provided by the invention not only enables the antenna to have stable electrical performance when being mounted on the metal carrier, but also enables the antenna to have high radiation efficiency.
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional modeling view of an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention includes a third metal plating layer 1, a fourth metal plating layer 2, a fifth metal plating layer 3, a first metal radiation plating layer 4, a second metal radiation plating layer 5, a first dielectric substrate 6, a second dielectric substrate 7, a metal cavity 8, an upper metal cover plate 9, a polygonal line groove 10, a low-frequency antenna radiation area 11, a high-frequency antenna radiation area 12, and a regular rectangular groove 13; the third metal plating layer 1 and the second metal radiation plating layer 5 are printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 6; the fourth metal plating layer 2, the fifth metal plating layer 3 and the first metal radiation plating layer 4 are printed on the left and right side surfaces of the second dielectric substrate 7, wherein the fourth metal plating layer 2 is printed at the same position on the left and right side surfaces of the second dielectric substrate 7, the fifth metal plating layer 3 is printed on the left side surface of the second dielectric substrate 7, and the first metal radiation plating layer 4 is printed on the right side surface of the second dielectric substrate 7 (the fifth metal plating layer 3 and the first metal radiation plating layer 4 are located on different side surfaces); a second dielectric substrate 7 with a metal radiation coating (comprising a fourth metal coating 2, a fifth metal coating 3 and a first metal radiation coating 4) is positioned at the right middle position in the metal cavity 8, vertically embedded and inserted in a slot in the metal cavity 8, and the fourth metal coating 2 and the metal cavity 8 are welded by using welding tin, wherein the second dielectric substrate 7; a first dielectric substrate 6 with a third metal plating layer 1 and a second metal radiation plating layer 5 is arranged on the front side above a metal cavity 8, the third metal plating layer 1 and the metal cavity 8 are welded by using welding tin, and a slit is arranged at the central line position of the first dielectric substrate 6; the upper metal cover plate 9 is arranged on the rear side above the metal cavity 8, and the metal cavity 8 and the upper metal cover plate 9 are mechanically connected by screws; and filling soldering tin at the fine gaps on the first dielectric substrate 6 to connect the first metal radiation plating layer 4 and the second metal radiation plating layer 5 through the soldering tin in the fine gaps.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a metal plating layer having a main radiation function inside an antenna cavity and a second dielectric substrate 7 to which the metal plating layer (including a fourth metal plating layer 2, a fifth metal plating layer 3, and a first metal radiation plating layer 4) is attached, wherein the fourth metal plating layer 2 is L-shaped and has a width of 3.5mm, and is used for welding the second dielectric substrate 7 and a metal cavity 8; the fifth metal plating layer 3 is in a mushroom shape, is used for coupling feed of the antenna, and simultaneously plays a role in optimizing impedance matching; the first metal radiation coating 4 is the main radiation part of the antenna, and the special shape and structure design of the first metal radiation coating 4 is explained as follows: the first metallic radiation coating 4 as a whole can be regarded as a narrow blade; a section of gradually-changed metal contour with larger curvature, namely a low-frequency antenna radiation area 11 is arranged below the front side of the first metal radiation coating 4, the area is used as a main radiation structure of the antenna in a low frequency band, and according to the mirror image principle, the low-frequency antenna radiation area 11 utilizes the bottom metal surface of the metal cavity 8 to form effective end-to-end radiation; a small-angle sector groove is formed below the rear side of the first metal radiation coating 4, and the structure is used for meeting the requirement of broadband matching in a low-frequency area; the upper part of the front side of the first metal radiation coating 4 is an area with a folding line slot 10, and the folding line slot 10 is arranged on the first metal radiation coating 4, so that the effects of miniaturization and reduction of the height of the antenna can be achieved; a section of gradually-changed metal outline with small curvature, namely a high-frequency antenna radiation area 12 is arranged above the middle part of the first metal radiation coating 4, the area is used as a main radiation structure of the antenna in a high frequency band, and according to the mirror image principle, the high-frequency antenna radiation area 12 utilizes a metal surface provided by the upper-layer metal cover plate 9 to form effective end radiation; the rectangular groove at the rear side close to the high-frequency antenna radiation area 12 is used for meeting the broadband matching of a high-frequency area; in fig. 2, a low-frequency antenna radiation area 11 and a high-frequency antenna radiation area 12 are circled by dotted lines, and the specific shape design and structural layout of the low-frequency antenna radiation area 11 and the high-frequency antenna radiation area 12 belong to the ultra-wideband antenna common-aperture nesting technology with innovativeness provided by the invention. By adopting the gradual change metal profile as the radiation area, good impedance matching can be obtained in the whole working frequency band.
Fig. 3 shows a top view of the metallization layers (including the third metallization layer 1 and the second metallization layer 5) on the upper part of the antenna cavity and the first dielectric substrate 6 to which the metallization layers are attached. The third metal plating layer 1 is a circle of open rectangular metal strip with the width of 2mm constantly and is used for welding the first dielectric substrate 6 and the metal cavity 8; the second metallic radiation coating 5 is shown in detail in fig. 4. The dashed line area in the figure is the position of a preset slit at the center line position of the first dielectric substrate 6, and solder is poured at the slit to connect the first metal radiation plating layer 4 and the second metal radiation plating layer 5 through the solder in the slit.
Fig. 4 shows the pattern effect contrast of the second metal radiation coating 5 before and after the regular rectangular groove 13 is opened, the outline of the second metal radiation coating 5 is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, the regular rectangular groove 13 comprises 13 rectangular grooves with the width of 1mm and the groove interval of 2mm, the regular rectangular groove 13 is opened on the second metal radiation coating 5, and the second metal radiation coating 5 opened with the regular rectangular groove 13 can achieve miniaturization, reduce the height of the antenna, and adjust and optimize the impedance matching effect.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a specific state of the antenna proposed by the present invention in a metal carrier environment, where the antenna is embedded inside a metal carrier platform.
Fig. 6 (a) shows three-dimensional views of a metal cavity 8 and an upper metal cover plate 9, fig. 6 (a) shows three views of the metal cavity 8 separately, fig. 6 (c) shows three views of the upper metal cover plate 9 separately, the metal cavity 8 belongs to an open cavity which is not covered on top, the metal cavity 8 is in a special-shaped structure, the front side part of the cavity is an upper opening structure which is gradually opened from the bottom to the upper part, the rear side part of the cavity is a rectangular cavity structure which is not covered on top, and a front slot and a rear slot are arranged in the cavity for inserting a second medium substrate 7; the metal cavity 8 provided by the invention is a low-Q metal cavity, and the inclined plane is formed in the cavity, so that the resonance of the antenna in the metal cavity can be effectively weakened, the energy storage of the oscillation around the antenna is reduced, the broadband performance of the antenna is favorably improved, and the antenna is ensured to have high radiation efficiency.
The invention adopts high-frequency simulation software using a finite difference time domain calculation method to carry out simulation calculation and actual measurement. Fig. 7 to 9 show the voltage standing wave ratio characteristic and the radiation characteristic of the antenna under the actual measurement environment. It can be seen from fig. 7 that the measured voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna is substantially consistent with the simulation result, the antenna has at least 9 frequency-doubled working bandwidths, and the voltage standing wave ratio is less than 3 in the frequency bands of 2GHz-8GHz and 8GHz-18 GHz. As can be seen from fig. 8-9, the elevation and azimuth patterns exhibit endfire characteristics over the operating frequency band.
The antenna of the invention can be embedded and conformal with the metal platform, has a vertical polarization working form, a low section height and an end-fire radiation effect, and has stable electrical property and structural performance, and is hardly influenced by the metal carrier platform. The antenna is particularly suitable for conformal antennas which can be required to be well conformal with a metal carrier platform, work in an ultrahigh frequency band, vertically polarize and realize end-fire.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. The metal platform embedded type vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal end-fire antenna is characterized by comprising a metal cavity (8), a first medium substrate (6), a second medium substrate (7) and an upper layer metal cover plate (9), wherein the metal cavity (8) is divided into a front part and a rear part, the front part is of an upper opening structure which is gradually opened from the bottom to the upper part, and the rear part is of a rectangular cavity structure which is not capped; the first dielectric substrate (6) is horizontally positioned at the top opening of the front part of the metal cavity (8), and a second metal radiation coating (5) is arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (6); the second dielectric substrate (7) is perpendicular to the first dielectric substrate (6) and inserted into the inner cavity of the front part of the metal cavity (8), and a fifth metal plating layer (3) for coupling feed and a first metal radiation plating layer (4) for radiation are respectively arranged on two sides of the second dielectric substrate (7); the second metal radiation coating (5) is connected with the first metal radiation coating (4); the upper layer metal cover plate (9) is positioned at the opening at the top of the rear part of the metal cavity (8); the second metal radiation coating (5) is of an isosceles trapezoid structure, and regular rectangular grooves (13) are formed in the isosceles trapezoid structure at equal intervals; the first metal radiation coating (4) is in a narrow blade shape, and a section of gradually-changed metal outline with larger curvature, namely a low-frequency antenna radiation area (11), is arranged below the front side of the first metal radiation coating (4); a fan-shaped slot is formed below the rear side of the first metal radiation coating (4); an open-folding line slot (10) is arranged above the front side of the first metal radiation coating (4); a section of gradual change metal outline with smaller curvature, namely a high-frequency antenna radiation area (12), is arranged above the middle part of the first metal radiation plating layer (4); a rectangular groove is arranged on the rear side of the high-frequency antenna radiation area (12).
2. The metal platform embedded type vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal endfire antenna according to claim 1, wherein the fifth metal plating layer (3) is mushroom-shaped and connected with a coaxial feed line.
3. The metal platform embedded type vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal endfire antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first dielectric substrate (6) is further provided with a third metal plating layer (1), and the first dielectric substrate (6) is welded with the metal cavity (8) through the third metal plating layer (1).
4. The metal platform embedded type vertical polarization ultra-wideband conformal endfire antenna according to claim 1, wherein a fourth metal plating layer (2) is further disposed on the second dielectric substrate (7), and the second dielectric substrate (7) is welded to the metal cavity (8) through the fourth metal plating layer (2).
5. The conformal end-fire antenna with embedded metal platform and vertically polarized ultra-wideband as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fourth metal plating layer (2) is L-shaped.
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