CN113718244A - Cladding method for improving corrosion resistance of metal bushing of helicopter blade - Google Patents

Cladding method for improving corrosion resistance of metal bushing of helicopter blade Download PDF

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CN113718244A
CN113718244A CN202110817462.2A CN202110817462A CN113718244A CN 113718244 A CN113718244 A CN 113718244A CN 202110817462 A CN202110817462 A CN 202110817462A CN 113718244 A CN113718244 A CN 113718244A
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cladding
powder
metal bushing
corrosion resistance
graphene
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赵强
刘晶
戴周军
许漂
汪开兵
刘洋
高宁波
陈正生
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Jiangxi Changhe Aviation Industries Co Ltd
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Jiangxi Changhe Aviation Industries Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade, which takes carbon steel as a coating base material and iron-based self-soluble alloy powder as a coating adhesive material, and mixes boron powder (B) and graphene mixed powder with the iron-based self-soluble alloy powder according to a certain mass ratio, wherein the mass percentage is as follows: 5% (B, graphene), 7% (B, graphene) and 9% (B, graphene). The helicopter blade metal bushing prepared by the method has better corrosion resistance and better wear resistance.

Description

Cladding method for improving corrosion resistance of metal bushing of helicopter blade
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material cladding coatings, and particularly provides a cladding method for improving corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade.
Background
Helicopter blades are generally of a double pin configuration, with the root connected to the hub of the helicopter blade by two metal bushings projecting from the blade body. When the helicopter is in service in a marine environment for a long time, the liner is extremely easy to corrode due to the simultaneous existence of water vapor and salt, and the end face of the liner exposed in the air is corroded most seriously. Once the metal bushing is rusted, the fallen rusty spots are easy to accumulate at the joint of the bushing and the hub, so that the jamming is caused, and huge hidden dangers exist in the safe flight of the helicopter.
The research of the cladding material system is mainly to add different types of powder to improve the performance of the cladding coating. The metal-based composite material prepared by plasma cladding generally selects and mixes ceramic particles (WC) and metal powder to prepare various particle-reinforced cobalt-based, iron-based and nickel-based composite coatings with high volume fraction, wherein the secondary coating generally has excellent wear resistance, and the surface of the metal lining of the helicopter blade more needs good corrosion resistance. The graphene has a plurality of excellent mechanical properties, can be applied to a cladding material system, and can effectively refine the coating structure; the B atom has small mass, can effectively reduce the melting point of the system, improve the fluidity and the wettability of a molten pool and reduce the generation of pore crack defects. The crystal structure in the coating is improved by adding the graphene and the B powder simultaneously, the metallurgical bonding of the substrate and the coating is improved, and the corrosion resistance of the coating is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade so as to improve the corrosion resistance of the metal bushing of the helicopter blade. The cladding method for the corrosion resistance of the metal liner of the paddle has the advantages that the coating has excellent corrosion resistance and the cost is low.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade comprises cladding corrosion-resistant mixed powder on the surface of the metal bushing to form a corrosion-resistant cladding coating with the thickness of 3-5 mm;
the mixed powder consists of B powder, graphene and iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder, wherein the mass ratio of the B powder to the graphene is (2-3): (3-2); the mass fraction of the B powder and the graphene in the mixed powder is 5-9 wt%;
and milling the surface of the metal bushing to ensure that the thickness of the corrosion-resistant cladding coating is 1-2 mm.
Further, the particle size of the B powder is 50-200 meshes, the particle size of the graphene is 50-300 meshes, and the particle size of the iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder is 50-150 meshes;
furthermore, the metal lining is made of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel;
further, the mixed powder is a reinforcing phase, and the self-fluxing alloy powder is a coating bonding material;
further, the mixed powder and the iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder are respectively fed by a powder feeder at the same time, and the corrosion-resistant cladding coating with the composite reinforcing phase is cladded under the protection of inert gas.
Further, the B powder and the graphene are also pretreated, and the method comprises the following steps: and mixing the powder B and the graphene in a mixer for 4-8 hours, uniformly mixing, and then drying to remove water, wherein the drying temperature is 100-120 ℃ until the mass is not changed, and the drying time is 10-12 hours.
Further, polishing the metal bushing to remove rust and stains on the surface, performing ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol after polishing, and finally drying at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ for 5-10 hours to remove the solvent.
Further, the cladding is plasma cladding. More specific plasma cladding parameters are: argon is used as the gas for cladding, the working pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa, the cooling water pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa, the cladding current is 100-130A, the powder feeding amount of the mixed powder is 8-14g \ min, the post powder feeding voltage is 6-12V, the cladding scanning speed is 50-150mm \ min, the ionic gas flow is 300-800L \ h, the protective gas flow is 800-1000L \ h, the powder feeding gas flow is 300-800L \ h, and the distance between the cladding nozzle and the iron-based surface is 8-14 mm.
Further, annealing treatment is carried out after cladding, the metal lining is covered by cast iron and iron nitrate, sealed heating is carried out until the temperature reaches 680-780 ℃, then heat preservation is carried out for 2-4h, and then natural cooling is carried out;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the composite material prepared by the invention is coated on the surface of the base material by adopting surface cladding methods such as thermal spraying, thermal spray welding or plasma cladding, so that the composite material is combined with the base material, the process is simple, and the cost is low.
2. The coating prepared by the invention is mainly added with graphene and B powder, and the addition of B atoms can effectively reduce the self-melting point of an alloy powder system, improve the fluidity and wettability of a molten pool, greatly reduce the defects of cracks and air holes and improve the corrosion resistance of the composite material. In addition, the addition of the graphene can uniformly refine the coating structure, and the coating structure and the alloy matrix show relatively good metallurgical bonding, so that the corrosion resistance of the composite material is further improved.
3. Compared with the common electroplating coating, the cladding layer prepared by the invention has enough processing allowance. The final forming of the paddle root bushing generally needs milling of the end face, the thickness of a common electroplating film is small, the film layer almost disappears after the polishing of a milling cutter, and the surface anticorrosion effect is poor. The invention can prepare a coating with the thickness of 5-8mm, has enough machining allowance, and has excellent anticorrosion effect even after being polished by a milling cutter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a metal bushing on a blade;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a metal bushing and cladding layer;
wherein: 1-metal lining, 2-cladding layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples are illustrative and not intended to be limiting, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel is selected as a coating base material, and Fe313 autolytic powder is selected as a coating bonding material. The iron-based alloy powder comprises the following components:
TABLE 1 Fe313 alloy powder composition
Fe313 C Si Cr Ni Fe
wt(%) 0.1 1 15 0 Bal.
Example 1
The cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of the metal bushing of the helicopter blade in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1: stock preparation
Taking the B powder and graphene as reinforcing particles; 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel as a base material; iron-based self-soluble alloy powder is used as a bonding material.
Step 2: pretreatment of
B, pretreatment of powder B and graphene: mixing the powder B and the graphene in a mixer for 4-8 hours to obtain uniformly mixed powder, and then drying the mixed powder to remove water in the mixed powder, wherein the drying temperature is 100 ℃ and 120 ℃ until the quality is not changed, and the drying time is 10-12 hours;
pretreatment of the substrate: polishing the base material by using a polisher to remove rust and stains on the surface of the base material, performing ultrasonic cleaning by using alcohol after polishing, and finally drying at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ for 5-10h to remove the solvent.
And step 3: plasma cladding
And (3) simultaneously feeding the mixed powder and the iron-based self-soluble powder treated in the step (2) through two powder feeders respectively, and carrying out plasma cladding. The plasma cladding parameters were: argon is used as the gas for cladding, the working pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa, the cooling water pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa, the cladding current is 100-130A, the powder feeding amount of the mixed powder is 8-14g \ min, the post powder feeding voltage is 6-12V, the cladding scanning speed is 50-150mm \ min, the ionic gas flow is 300-800L \ h, the protective gas flow is 800-1000L \ h, the powder feeding gas flow is 300-800L \ h, and the distance between the cladding nozzle and the iron-based surface is 8-14 mm.
And 4, step 4: annealing treatment
Annealing the iron-based workpiece cladded in the step 3, placing the iron-based workpiece in an iron box, covering, sealing and heating the iron-based workpiece to 680-780 ℃ by using cast iron and iron nitrate, preserving heat for 2-4h at the temperature, and then slowly cooling;
and 5: post-treatment
And ultrasonically cleaning the annealed iron-based workpiece by using alcohol to remove surface dirt, and then drying at 60-120 ℃ for 2-10 h.
Examples 2-6 were prepared as in example 1, except that the raw materials were in percent by mass and the main experimental parameters, as shown in table 2:
table 2 examples 1-6 raw material percentages and main experimental parameters
Figure BDA0003170699490000041
In the embodiment, the cladding current is set to be 120A, the ionic gas flow is 300L \ h, the protective gas flow is 800L \ h, and the powder feeding gas flow is 300L \ h.
EXAMPLES analysis of results
The composite coating containing 5% (B, graphene), 7% (B, graphene) and 9% (B, graphene) prepared by adding the graphene and the B powder is good in molding, smooth and continuous in surface and free of macroscopic defects such as air holes and cracks. Through the technology of post-powder feeding, the graphene powder is less dissolved in a molten pool, the original form of the graphene is completely kept, and the enhancement effect is better. The feeding amount of the mixed powder is determined by the size of the post powder feeding voltage, and along with the proper increase of the post powder feeding voltage, the content of the reinforcing phase in the coating is increased, and the distribution is more compact and uniform. The corrosion resistance test was performed on 1, 3 and 5 of the examples, and the three cladding coatings were put in 3.2% NaCl solution for corrosion test. In example 1, the measured self-etching potential was-502 mV, and the self-etching current density was 4.619 μ A cm-2The membrane resistance after Nernst chart fitting was 2624. omega. m-2(ii) a In example 3, the measured self-etching potential was-489 mV, and the self-etching current density was 4.522 μ A cm-2The film resistance after Nernst chart fitting was 3132. omega. m-2(ii) a In example 5, the measured self-etching potential was-477 mV and the self-etching current density was 3.935 μ A cm-2The film resistance after Nernst chart fitting was 3637. omega. m-2. According to the self-corrosion potential and the current density, the corrosion rate of the cladding layer containing 5 percent (B, graphene) is the fastest, and the corrosion rate of the cladding layer containing 9 percent (B, graphene) is the slowest after corrosion occurs. From the impedance spectrum, the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer containing 9% (B, graphene) is the best, and the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer containing 5% (B, graphene) is the worst. In a certain range, along with the increase of the contents of graphene and B in the system, the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer is sequentially enhanced.

Claims (9)

1. A cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade is characterized by comprising the following steps: cladding corrosion-resistant mixed powder on the surface of the metal bushing to form a corrosion-resistant cladding coating with the thickness of 3-5 mm;
the mixed powder consists of B powder, graphene and iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder, and the mass ratio of the B powder to the graphene is as follows: (2-3): (3-2); the mass fraction of the B powder and the graphene in the mixed powder is 5-9 wt%; b, taking the powder and graphene as reinforcing materials; taking iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder as a base material;
and milling the surface of the metal bushing to ensure that the thickness of the corrosion-resistant cladding coating is 1-2 mm.
2. The cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade according to claim 1, comprising: the grain size of the B powder is 50-200 meshes, the grain size of the graphene is 50-300 meshes, and the grain size of the iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder is 50-150 meshes.
3. The cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade according to claim 1, comprising: the metal lining is made of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel.
4. The cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade according to claim 1, comprising: the mixed powder is a reinforcing phase, and the self-fluxing alloy powder is a coating bonding material.
5. The cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade according to claim 1, comprising: and the mixed powder and the iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder are respectively fed by a powder feeder at the same time, and the corrosion-resistant cladding coating with the composite reinforcing phase is cladded under the protection of inert gas.
6. The cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade according to claim 1, comprising: the B powder and the graphene are also pretreated, and the method comprises the following steps: and mixing the powder B and the graphene in a mixer for 4-8 hours, uniformly mixing, and then drying to remove water, wherein the drying temperature is 100-120 ℃ until the mass is not changed, and the drying time is 10-12 hours.
7. The cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade according to claim 1, comprising: polishing the metal bushing to remove rust and stains on the surface, performing ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol after polishing, and finally drying at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ for 5-10h to remove the solvent.
8. The cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade according to claim 1, comprising: the cladding is plasma cladding. More specific plasma cladding parameters are: argon is used as the gas for cladding, the working pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa, the cooling water pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa, the cladding current is 100-130A, the powder feeding amount of the mixed powder is 8-14g \ min, the post powder feeding voltage is 6-12V, the cladding scanning speed is 50-150mm \ min, the ionic gas flow is 300-800L \ h, the protective gas flow is 800-1000L \ h, the powder feeding gas flow is 300-800L \ h, and the distance between the cladding nozzle and the iron-based surface is 8-14 mm.
9. The cladding method for improving the corrosion resistance of a metal bushing of a helicopter blade according to claim 1, comprising: and (3) annealing treatment is carried out after cladding, the metal bushing is covered by cast iron and iron nitrate, sealed and heated to 680-780 ℃, then heat preservation is carried out for 2-4h, and then natural cooling is carried out.
CN202110817462.2A 2021-07-20 2021-07-20 Cladding method for improving corrosion resistance of metal bushing of helicopter blade Pending CN113718244A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102965664A (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-03-13 大连理工大学 Graphene-reinforced nickel-based composite coating material and laser cladding technology thereof
CA2865658A1 (en) * 2012-12-05 2014-06-12 Liburdi Engineering Limited Method of cladding and fusion welding of superalloys using composite filler powder
JP2015532695A (en) * 2012-07-30 2015-11-12 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ Metal leading edge protective strip, corresponding airfoil and manufacturing method
CN107217252A (en) * 2017-04-24 2017-09-29 中国华电科工集团有限公司 Laser melting coating repairs cladding material of wind power gear box part and preparation method thereof
CN110918978A (en) * 2019-12-16 2020-03-27 哈尔滨工程大学 Reinforcing phase reinforced composite powder with functional layer for use in fusing technology, and preparation method and application thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015532695A (en) * 2012-07-30 2015-11-12 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ Metal leading edge protective strip, corresponding airfoil and manufacturing method
CN102965664A (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-03-13 大连理工大学 Graphene-reinforced nickel-based composite coating material and laser cladding technology thereof
CA2865658A1 (en) * 2012-12-05 2014-06-12 Liburdi Engineering Limited Method of cladding and fusion welding of superalloys using composite filler powder
CN107217252A (en) * 2017-04-24 2017-09-29 中国华电科工集团有限公司 Laser melting coating repairs cladding material of wind power gear box part and preparation method thereof
CN110918978A (en) * 2019-12-16 2020-03-27 哈尔滨工程大学 Reinforcing phase reinforced composite powder with functional layer for use in fusing technology, and preparation method and application thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
陈小明 等, 黄河水利出版社 *

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Application publication date: 20211130