CN113717782A - 一种适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,由如下质量百分数的组分组成:20~25%植物油、4~5%防锈剂、6~10%乳化剂、5~6%碱缓冲剂、6~8%合成酯、0.5%~0.6%气雾抑制剂、2~3%防腐增效剂以及水余量。本发明采用乙基己基甘油与苯氧乙醇协同防腐,防腐效果好,摒弃了现有切削液中必不可少的胺类成分,不仅降低了切削液在使用过程中VOCs的挥发量,同时防腐性能并未受到影响;另外,配方中不含胺类成分,还能够使产生的废液中几乎不含氨氮,进而便于废液的处理排放;最后,本发明通过高分子气雾抑制剂有效抑制了低分子有机物的挥发,从而有效降低了航空钛合金长时间加工过程中产生的VOCs。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液。
背景技术
VOCs(volatile organic compounds)是在常温下,沸点50℃至260℃的各种有机化合物。低分子量脂肪胺如一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、甲基乙醇胺、单异丙醇胺等被大量应用于切削液中,这些低分子量脂肪胺在切削液中起防锈、辅助乳化、润滑等功能,可显著提高切削液防腐败性能。但这些脂肪胺本身沸点低、易挥发,属于高VOCs物质。同时含脂肪胺的切削液产生的废水氨氮含量极高,难以达到废水处理的排放标准。目前市售切削液大量使用这类低分子量脂肪胺,产品自身具有极高的VOCs。在航空钛合金加工领域中,航空钛合金由于加工精度高,工件体积大、形状复杂,工件加工时间普遍较长,短则几个小时,长则数周时间。长时间的加工高温与刀具高速剪切使得冷却介质即切削液大量挥发,特别是切削液中的低分子量脂肪胺的挥发,产生包含大量VOCs的水雾被排放到工厂大气中,危害环境和人体健康。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是提供一种不含胺类易挥发成分且不含高VOCs成分的切削液。
技术方案:本发明所述的适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,由如下质量百分数的组分组成:20~25%植物油、4~5%防锈剂、6~10%乳化剂、5~6%碱缓冲剂、6~8%合成酯、0.5%~0.6%气雾抑制剂、2~3%防腐增效剂以及水余量。
其中,所述植物油为菜籽油、大豆油、蓖麻油、棕榈油、椰子油或花生油中的一种或几种的混合;优选精制菜油、蓖麻油。
其中,所述防锈剂为月桂二酸、癸二酸或壬二酸中的一种。
其中,所述乳化剂为异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯或妥儿油中的一种或几种的混合;优选聚异丁烯丁二酸酐与脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯的混合物。
其中,所述碱缓冲剂为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中的一种或几种的混合。
其中,所述合成酯为三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯、季戊四醇油酸酯、新戊二醇油酸酯、棕榈酸异辛酯或四聚蓖麻油酸酯中的一种。
其中,所述气雾抑制剂为聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇中的一种。
其中,所述防腐增效剂为乙基己基甘油和苯氧乙醇按质量比1:1的混合。苯氧乙醇作为环保防腐剂可有效抑制切削液中细菌滋生,乙基己基甘油可有效降低细菌与真菌细胞壁的表面张力,两者复配增强了对细菌与真菌渗透性,抑制微生物活性,达到最优的防腐效果。
有益效果:相比于现有技术,本发明的显著优点为:(1)相比于传统切削液防腐组分三嗪、吗啉衍生物、有机硼、噻唑衍都具有极高的生物毒性,危害生态环境,本发明采用环保型乙基己基甘油与苯氧乙醇协同防腐,防腐效果好,摒弃了现有切削液中必不可少的胺类成分和生物毒性高的传统防腐组分,不仅降低了切削液在使用过程中VOCs的挥发量,同时防腐性能并未受到影响;(2)配方中不含胺类成分,能够使产生的废液中几乎不含氨氮,便于废液的处理排放;(3)本发明通过高分子气雾抑制剂有效抑制了低分子有机物的挥发,从而有效降低了航空钛合金长时间加工过程中产生的VOCs。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明技术方案作进一步阐述。
实施例1
本发明适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,由如下质量百分数的组分混合搅拌而成:蓖麻油20%、月桂二酸4%、碳酸钠4%、氢氧化钠1%、四聚蓖麻油酸酯6%、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐3%、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯3%、聚乙二醇6000 0.5%、乙基己基甘油1%、苯氧乙醇1%以及水余量。
实施例2
本发明适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,由如下质量百分数的组分混合搅拌而成:蓖麻油25%、癸二酸4%、碳酸钾5%、四聚蓖麻油酸酯8%、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐4%、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯4%、聚丙二醇4000 0.5%、乙基己基甘油1%、苯氧乙醇1%以及水余量。
实施例3
本发明适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,由如下质量百分数的组分混合搅拌而成:菜籽油20%、癸二酸4%、碳酸钾4%、氢氧化钾1%、三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯10%、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐6%、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯4%、聚丙烯酸钠0.5%、乙基己基甘油1.5%、苯氧乙醇1.5%以及水余量。
对比实施例1
一种切削液,由如下质量百分数的组分混合搅拌而成:蓖麻油25%、癸二酸4%、碳酸钾5%、四聚蓖麻油酸酯8%、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐4%、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯4%、聚丙二醇4000 0.5%、苯氧乙醇1%以及水余量。
对比实施例2
一种切削液,由如下质量百分数的组分混合搅拌而成:蓖麻油25%、癸二酸4%、碳酸钾5%、四聚蓖麻油酸酯8%、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐4%、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯4%、聚丙二醇4000 0.5%、乙基己基甘油1%以及水余量。
对比实施例3
一种切削液,由如下质量百分数的组分混合搅拌而成:蓖麻油25%、癸二酸4%、碳酸钾5%、四聚蓖麻油酸酯8%、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐4%、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯4%、聚丙二醇4000 0.5%、乙基己基甘油1.5%、苯氧乙醇0.5%以及水余量。
对比实施例4
一种切削液,由如下质量百分数的组分混合搅拌而成:蓖麻油25%、癸二酸4%、单乙醇胺4%、三乙醇胺4%、单异丙醇胺3%、四聚蓖麻油酸酯8%、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐4%、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯4%、聚丙二醇4000 0.5%、乙基己基甘油1%、苯氧乙醇1%以及水余量。
实施例1~3以及对比实施例1~4以及市售含胺类成分和传统防腐剂的切削液进行性能对比,如表1所示:
通过表1可知,实施例1~3的抗菌防腐性能与市售含胺类成分和传统防腐剂的切削液相当,但是VOCs与氨氮含量都极低,同时由于采用环保防腐组分,不含传统防腐组分,生物毒性与环境危害极低。
相比于实施例1~3,对比实施例1~3的防腐性能差很多,说明本发明配方的防腐性能需要苯氧乙醇与乙基己基甘油复配。乙基己基甘油可有效降低细菌与真菌细胞壁的表面张力,提高苯氧乙醇对微生物细胞的渗透性,抑制微生物生长。两者单独使用防腐效果均大幅度下降,同时重复微生物挑战试验表明两者复配质量比1:1效果最佳。
相比于市售含胺类成分和传统防腐剂的切削液与对比实施例4,本发明在兼顾切削液高温润滑性以及抗菌防腐性能的同时,不含胺类组分,极大避免了VOCs的产生,有效降低了废液中氨氮的含量。对比实施例4虽然使用了气雾抑制剂降低VOCs,但含有胺类组分,VOCs与氨氮含量依然很高。
Claims (8)
1.一种适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,其特征在于,由如下质量百分数的组分组成:20~25%植物油、4~5%防锈剂、6~10%乳化剂、5~6%碱缓冲剂、6~8%合成酯、0.5%~0.6%气雾抑制剂、2~3%防腐增效剂以及水余量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,其特征在于:所述植物油为菜籽油、大豆油、蓖麻油、棕榈油、椰子油或花生油中的一种或几种的混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,其特征在于:所述防锈剂为月桂二酸、癸二酸或壬二酸中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,其特征在于:所述乳化剂为异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯或妥儿油中的一种或几种的混合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,其特征在于:所述碱缓冲剂为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中的一种或几种的混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,其特征在于:所述合成酯为三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯、季戊四醇油酸酯、新戊二醇油酸酯、棕榈酸异辛酯或四聚蓖麻油酸酯中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,其特征在于:所述气雾抑制剂为聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇中的一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的适用于航空钛合金加工的切削液,其特征在于:所述防腐增效剂为乙基己基甘油和苯氧乙醇按质量比1:1的混合。
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