CN113717776A - 一种固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113717776A
CN113717776A CN202110893188.7A CN202110893188A CN113717776A CN 113717776 A CN113717776 A CN 113717776A CN 202110893188 A CN202110893188 A CN 202110893188A CN 113717776 A CN113717776 A CN 113717776A
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王志昕
沈人间
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Shanghai Hiri Lubricants R & D Center
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Abstract

本发明属于固体润滑技术领域,更具体地说,是涉及一种固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂及其制备方法。其组成及重量百分比为,二硫化钨粉末25~35%,固体酚醛树脂1.0~5.0%,树脂助溶剂40~50%,成膜助剂9.5~18.5%,流变助剂1.0~5.0%,固体极压抗磨剂1.0~2.0%,固体抗氧剂0.5~2.0%,溶剂型分散剂0.5~1.5%,推进剂3.0~5.0%。

Description

一种固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂及其制备方法
技术领域:
本发明属于固体润滑技术领域,更具体地说,是涉及一种固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂及其制备方法。
背景技术:
固体润滑的作用是以固体润滑物质来减少作相对运动两表面的摩擦与磨损,并保护该表面,在固体润滑过程中,固体润滑剂和周围介质要与摩擦表面发生物理、化学反应生成固体润滑膜,降低摩擦磨损。固体润滑剂的材料有无机化合物(石墨、二硫化钼、氮化硼等)、有机化合物(蜡,聚四氟乙烯等)和金属及其金属化合物,其中以石墨和二硫化钼应用最广。
固体润滑剂与摩擦表面能牢固地附着,具有良好的成膜能力,能与摩擦表面形成牢固的化学吸附膜或物理吸附膜,在表面附着,防止相对运动表面之间产生严重的熔焊或金属的相互转移。
抗剪切强度低的固体润滑剂具有较低的抗剪切强度,这样摩擦系数小,功率损耗低,温度上升小,而且其抗剪切强度应在宽温度范围内不发生变化,使其应用领域较广。
固体润滑剂具有良好的稳定性,包括物理热稳定,化学热稳定和时效稳定,不会产生腐蚀及其它有害作用。①物理热稳定是指在没有活性物质参与下,温度改变不会引起相变或晶格的各种变化,因此不至于引起抗剪切强度的变化,导致固体的摩擦性能改变。②化学热稳定,是考虑到高温、超低温以及在化学介质中使用时性能不会发生太大变化。③时效稳定是指要求固体润滑剂长期放置不变质,以便长期使用。此外还要求它对润滑部位无腐蚀性、对人畜无毒害,不污染环境等。
另外,要求固体润滑剂有较高的承载能力。因为固体润滑剂往往应用于严酷工况与环境条件:如低速高负荷下使用,所以要求它具有较高的承载能力,又要容易剪切。
目前市场上应用的二硫化钨润滑喷剂,含有润滑油用基础油脂,如中国专利CN200810040578.4所公开的二硫化钨润滑剂,其由固体二硫化钨,乙二醇单丁醚,6号抽提溶剂油,甲基硅油,三氯乙烯,润滑油用基础油和液化石油气组成的,其中润滑油用基础油150SN含量为10~25%。该种产品在实际应用中,存在的技术缺陷是:二硫化钨成膜速度慢,干燥时间花费长,分散效果不好,与润滑部位的粘附性差等缺点。特别是在冷轧丝杆和高速齿轮的润滑应用中,由于高速转动的离心作用,油膜和二硫化钨粉末混合物会被甩脱出来;而在低速齿轮的润滑应用中,油膜和二硫化钨粉末混合物由于重力的作用出现流滴现象。所有这些不仅会污染环境和产品,而且还会造成大量的浪费。因此,目前市场上的二硫化钨润滑喷剂使用面受到了很大的限制。
发明内容:
本发明正是针对上述问题,提供了一种固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案,其组成及重量百分比为,二硫化钨粉末25~35%,固体酚醛树脂1.0~5.0%,树脂助溶剂40~50%,成膜助剂9.5~18.5%,流变助剂1.0~5.0%,固体极压抗磨剂1.0~2.0%,固体抗氧剂0.5~2.0%,溶剂型分散剂0.5~1.5%,推进剂3.0~5.0%;
树脂助溶剂为二甲氧基甲烷和异己烷的混合物,重量比为二甲氧基甲烷:异己烷=2~3:1;
成膜助剂为无水乙醇和异丙醇的混合物,重量比为无水乙醇:异丙醇=1~2:1;
固体极压抗磨剂为二苄基二硫、苯骈三氮唑脂肪胺盐、硫代磷酸三苯酯或二丁基硫代氨基甲酸锑盐;
固体抗氧剂为对,对'-二异辛基二苯胺、丁基辛基二苯胺或三甲基二羟基喹啉低聚物。
优选地,其组成及重量百分比为,二硫化钨粉末28~30%,固体酚醛树脂2.0~4.0%,树脂助溶剂44~46%,成膜助剂13.5~16%,流变助剂2.0~3.0%,固体极压抗磨剂1.4~1.6%,固体抗氧剂1.0~1.5%,溶剂型分散剂0.5~1.0%,推进剂3.5~4.5%。
优选地,其组成及重量百分比为,二硫化钨粉末29%,固体酚醛树脂3.0%,树脂助溶剂44%,成膜助剂14.5%,流变助剂2.5%,固体极压抗磨剂1.5%,固体抗氧剂1.0%,溶剂型分散剂0.5%,推进剂4%。
所述的酚醛树脂为对叔丁基苯酚甲醛树脂;购自上海新华树脂厂,即叶子牌2402树脂。
所述流变助剂为溶剂型有机改性膨润土;为美国海明斯德谦的相应产品,粒径为1.5μm,纯度为99.5%,型号为SD-1;粒径为1.0μm,纯度为99.5%,型号为SD-2。
二硫化钨粉末购自湖南京华粉体材料有限公司,粒径为50nm,纯度为99.9%,型号HJ-NW-01;二甲氧基甲烷购自临沂市欣达石油化工有限公司;异己烷购自韩国SK公司;无水乙醇购自吉林天河酒精有限公司;异丙醇购自锦州石化公司;二苄基二硫为锦州康泰润滑油添加剂有限公司的T322;苯骈三氮唑脂肪胺盐为淄博惠华化工有限公司的T406;硫代磷酸三苯酯为锦州康泰润滑油添加剂有限公司的T309;二丁基硫代氨基甲酸锑盐为武汉泾河化工有限公司的T352;对,对'-二异辛基二苯胺为江苏飞亚化学工业集团的KY-01;丁基辛基二苯胺为德国巴斯夫的L-57;三甲基二羟基喹啉低聚物为美国范德比尔特的RD;溶剂型分散剂是德国毕克的BYK-220S。
固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂的制备方法为,
1、按照上述配比,将二硫化钨粉末、流变助剂、固体极压抗磨剂、固体抗氧剂和溶剂型分散剂用球磨机进行研磨,在25℃下,510r/min研磨45分钟,使混合物料充分均匀分散,得混合物A;
2、按照上述配比,将固体酚醛树脂、树脂助溶剂和成膜助剂,在25℃下,150r/min搅拌20分钟,混合均匀,得混合物B;
3、将混合物A和混合物B投入高压均质机中进行均质,均质机工作压力为10MPa,均质时间为1小时30分钟,均质均匀后,灌入空罐,用气雾剂阀门进行封口;
4、在25℃下,罐内充入推进剂二氧化碳,进行55℃热水浴试验后,安装气雾剂喷头,瓶盖、装箱。
在使用时可以按下气雾剂喷头,将罐内料液喷涂到需要润滑的部位,起到润滑抗磨作用。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂制备工艺简单,使用方便,将气雾剂罐内料液摇匀,均匀喷涂到需要润滑的部件表面,1~2秒内即可干透成膜,具有良好的快干性;使用后,润滑界面清洁均匀干净,不粘灰污,不会出现二硫化钨混合物从润滑部位被甩脱出来或流滴现象的发生;使用温度范围宽,在-273~650℃温度区间内,具备优良的润滑性能。并且,具有很低的摩擦系数(0.03),较高的抗极压性能和抗氧化性能。适用于高温、高压、高真空、高负荷、高转速、高辐射、强腐蚀、超低温等各种苛刻条件下的无油润滑。
具体实施方式:
实施例1
称取25kg二硫化钨粉末(粒径为50nm,纯度为99.9%)、2.6kg流变助剂溶剂型有机改性膨润土(粒径为1.5μm,纯度为99.5%)、1kg二苄基二硫、0.5kg苯骈三氮唑脂肪胺盐、1kg对,对'-二异辛基二苯胺和0.5kg溶剂型分散剂(德国毕克的BYK-220S),用球磨机进行研磨,在常温条件下,510r/min研磨45分钟,使混合物料充分均匀分散,得混合物A。
称取3kg对叔丁基苯酚甲醛树脂、36kg二甲氧基甲烷、12kg异己烷、9.6kg无水乙醇、4.8kg异丙醇,在25℃下,150r/min搅拌20分钟,混合均匀,得混合物B。
将混合物A、混合物B投入高压均质机中进行均质,均质机工作压力为10MPa,均质时间为1小时30分钟,均质均匀后,按384克/罐,灌入250只空罐,用气雾剂阀门进行封口。25℃条件下,每罐充入16克的二氧化碳,进行55℃热水浴试验,安装喷头,瓶盖、装箱。
四球试验检测结果如下表1:
表1
Figure BDA0003196909820000061
从四球试验检测结果来看,实施例1的固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂(不含润滑油)的润滑性能,明显优于二硫化钨润滑喷剂(含润滑油)。
实施例2
称取30kg二硫化钨粉末(粒径为50nm,纯度为99.9%)、3kg流变助剂溶剂型有机改性膨润土(粒径为1.5μm,纯度为99.5%)、1.5kg硫代磷酸三苯酯、1.5kg丁基辛基二苯胺和1kg溶剂型分散剂(德国毕克的BYK-220S),用球磨机进行研磨,在常温条件下,510r/min研磨45分钟,使混合物料充分均匀分散,得混合物A。
称取4.5kg对叔丁基苯酚甲醛树脂、28kg二甲氧基甲烷、14kg异己烷、9kg无水乙醇、4.5kg异丙醇,在25℃下,150r/min搅拌20分钟,混合均匀,得混合物B。
将混合物A、混合物B投入高压均质机中进行均质,均质机工作压力为10MPa,均质时间为1小时30分钟,均质均匀后,按388克/罐,灌入250只空罐,用气雾剂阀门进行封口。25℃条件下,每罐充入12克的二氧化碳,进行55℃热水浴试验,安装喷头,瓶盖、装箱。
四球试验检测结果如下表2:
表2
Figure BDA0003196909820000071
从四球试验检测结果来看,实施例2的固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂(不含润滑油)的润滑性能,明显优于二硫化钨润滑喷剂(含润滑油)。
实施例3
称取35kg二硫化钨粉末(粒径为50nm,纯度为99.9%)、2kg流变助剂溶剂型有机改性膨润土(粒径为1.0μm,纯度为99.5%)、1kg二丁基硫代氨基甲酸锑盐、0.5kg三甲基二羟基喹啉低聚物和1.5kg溶剂型分散剂(德国毕克的BYK-220S),用球磨机进行研磨,在常温条件下,510r/min研磨45分钟,使混合物料充分均匀分散,得混合物A;
称取3kg的对叔丁基苯酚甲醛树脂、29kg二甲氧基甲烷、14.5kg异己烷、5kg无水乙醇、5kg异丙醇,在25℃下,150r/min搅拌20分钟,混合均匀,得混合物B。
将混合物A、混合物B投入高压均质机中进行均质,均质机工作压力为10MPa,均质时间为1小时30分钟,均质均匀后,按386克/罐,灌入250只空罐,用气雾剂阀门进行封口。25℃条件下,每罐充入14克的二氧化碳,进行55℃热水浴试验,安装喷头,瓶盖、装箱。
四球试验检测结果如下表3:
表3
Figure BDA0003196909820000081
从四球试验检测结果来看,实施例3的固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂(不含润滑油)的润滑性能,明显优于二硫化钨润滑喷剂(含润滑油)。

Claims (6)

1.一种固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂,其特征在于,其组成及重量百分比为,二硫化钨粉末25~35%,固体酚醛树脂1.0~5.0%,树脂助溶剂40~50%,成膜助剂9.5~18.5%,流变助剂1.0~5.0%,固体极压抗磨剂1.0~2.0%,固体抗氧剂0.5~2.0%,溶剂型分散剂0.5~1.5%,推进剂3.0~5.0%;
树脂助溶剂为二甲氧基甲烷和异己烷的混合物,重量比为二甲氧基甲烷:异己烷=2~3:1;
成膜助剂为无水乙醇和异丙醇的混合物,重量比为无水乙醇:异丙醇=1~2:1;
固体极压抗磨剂为二苄基二硫、苯骈三氮唑脂肪胺盐、硫代磷酸三苯酯或二丁基硫代氨基甲酸锑盐;
固体抗氧剂为对,对'-二异辛基二苯胺、丁基辛基二苯胺或三甲基二羟基喹啉低聚物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂,其特征在于,其组成及重量百分比为,二硫化钨粉末28~30%,固体酚醛树脂2.0~4.0%,树脂助溶剂44~46%,成膜助剂13.5~16%,流变助剂2.0~3.0%,固体极压抗磨剂1.4~1.6%,固体抗氧剂1.0~1.5%,溶剂型分散剂0.5~1.0%,推进剂3.5~4.5%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂,其特征在于,其组成及重量百分比为,二硫化钨粉末29%,固体酚醛树脂3.0%,树脂助溶剂44%,成膜助剂14.5%,流变助剂2.5%,固体极压抗磨剂1.5%,固体抗氧剂1.0%,溶剂型分散剂0.5%,推进剂4%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂,其特征在于,所述的酚醛树脂为对叔丁基苯酚甲醛树脂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂,其特征在于,所述流变助剂为溶剂型有机改性膨润土。
6.一种权利要求1所述的固膜型二硫化钨润滑喷剂的制备方法为,其特征在于,具体的制备步骤为,
(1)按照权利要求1所述配比,将二硫化钨粉末、流变助剂、固体极压抗磨剂、固体抗氧剂和溶剂型分散剂用球磨机进行研磨,在25℃下,510r/min研磨45分钟,使混合物料充分均匀分散,得混合物A;
(2)按照权利要求1所述配比,将固体酚醛树脂、树脂助溶剂和成膜助剂,在25℃下,150r/min搅拌20分钟,混合均匀,得混合物B;
(3)将混合物A和混合物B投入高压均质机中进行均质,均质机工作压力为10MPa,均质时间为1小时30分钟,均质均匀后,灌入空罐,用气雾剂阀门进行封口;
(4)在25℃下,罐内充入推进剂二氧化碳,进行55℃热水浴试验后,安装气雾剂喷头,瓶盖、装箱。
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