CN113717755A - Method for treating organic waste by combining oxygen-free pyrolysis with oxygen-deficient gasification - Google Patents
Method for treating organic waste by combining oxygen-free pyrolysis with oxygen-deficient gasification Download PDFInfo
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- CN113717755A CN113717755A CN202110964532.7A CN202110964532A CN113717755A CN 113717755 A CN113717755 A CN 113717755A CN 202110964532 A CN202110964532 A CN 202110964532A CN 113717755 A CN113717755 A CN 113717755A
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 5
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pollutant treatment, and particularly relates to a method for treating organic waste by combining anaerobic pyrolysis with oxygen-deficient gasification. The method comprises the following steps: (1) an oxygen-free pyrolysis step: carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis on organic wastes in an anaerobic space to obtain a solid pyrolysis product and a gaseous pyrolysis product, and leading the gaseous pyrolysis product out of the anaerobic space; (2) and (3) under-oxygen gasification step: the solid pyrolysis product is led out of the oxygen-free space to the independent gasification space, a gasification medium is led into the gasification space to enable the gasification space to be in an oxygen-deficient state, residual organic matters in the solid pyrolysis product are subjected to gasification reaction in the gasification space, and combustible gas generated by the gasification reaction is led out of the gasification space. The method can treat most of organic matters in the anaerobic pyrolysis stage and treat a small part of organic matters in the anoxic gasification stage, thereby reducing the technical parameters of anaerobic pyrolysis and the waste gas yield of anoxic gasification, improving the treatment efficiency of the organic matters and reducing the energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pollutant treatment, and particularly relates to a method for treating organic waste by combining anaerobic pyrolysis with oxygen-deficient gasification.
Background
The anaerobic pyrolysis refers to a chemical reaction that organic matters are heated to decompose in an anaerobic space at the temperature of more than 350 ℃, belongs to the class of thermal decomposition reaction, and mainly generates the homolytic fracture of covalent bonds in the process, and generated free radical fragments further react to form final gas, liquid and solid phase products. The anaerobic pyrolysis technology can convert organic matters into storage energy mainly comprising fuel gas, fuel oil and carbon black, and the anaerobic decomposition reduces the exhaust amount and can reduce the secondary pollution to the atmospheric environment. The anaerobic pyrolysis technology provides an effective way for realizing the reduction, harmless and resource treatment of the solid waste, so the anaerobic pyrolysis technology becomes one of the important technologies for treating the solid waste.
The material properties have a significant influence on the composition of the pyrolysis products of the solid waste. In consideration of deep reduction and stabilization, particularly for the situation that solid hazardous waste is treated and then enters a flexible landfill as far as possible, the organic matter content in discharged materials can reach a required value of less than 5% after general solid waste passes through a pyrolysis device. However, the anaerobic pyrolysis technology is adopted to treat solid wastes with high organic content, such as rectification (distillation) residues, sludge, coal, biomass and the like, the organic content in discharged materials is more than 10 percent, and the anaerobic pyrolysis technology can be further improved to solve the problem. For example, (1) if the temperature of the pyrolysis device is increased, the pyrolysis device needs to select a material with higher temperature resistance, the design cost is increased, the energy consumption is high due to overhigh temperature, and in addition, the hardening problem is easily caused under the high-temperature condition; (2) the feeding speed is reduced to obtain qualified discharge, so that the treatment efficiency is reduced, and the treatment cost is increased; (3) the added catalyst can reduce the pyrolysis temperature, shorten the reaction time and improve the pyrolysis efficiency, but different catalysts are required to be selected according to different materials, and the subsequent recycling of the catalysts is low, which can cause the increase of the treatment cost.
For organic waste salts with high organic content, the applicant has used anaerobic pyrolysis in combination with aerobic oxidation to treat organic matter, and the specific scheme is described in the invention creation with application number 202110694585.1. In subsequent experiments, the applicant finds that the waste gas generated in the aerobic oxidation stage is large, so that the high-temperature harmless fuel consumption of the subsequent secondary combustion chamber is large, and the treatment cost is relatively high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for treating organic waste by combining anaerobic pyrolysis with oxygen-deficient gasification, so that the energy consumption is reduced while the organic matters in the organic waste are effectively treated.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for treating organic waste by combining oxygen-free pyrolysis and oxygen-deficient gasification comprises the following steps:
(1) an oxygen-free pyrolysis step: carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis on organic wastes in an anaerobic space to obtain a solid pyrolysis product and a gaseous pyrolysis product, and leading the gaseous pyrolysis product out of the anaerobic space;
(2) and (3) under-oxygen gasification step: the solid pyrolysis product is led out of an oxygen-free space to an independent gasification space, a gasification medium is introduced into the gasification space to enable the gasification space to be in an oxygen-deficient state, residual organic matters in the solid pyrolysis product are subjected to gasification reaction in the gasification space, and the organic matter C, H component is gasified into combustible gas phase to the maximum extent, so that the organic matter content is removed to a greater extent, and the residual organic matter is ensured to meet the relevant standard requirements. Combustible gas generated by the gasification reaction is led out of the gasification space for harmlessness and heat energy utilization.
The inventive concept of the present application resides in: the under-oxygen gasification and the anaerobic pyrolysis are combined, and when the content of organic matters is high, and the pure and complete anaerobic pyrolysis process is not economical, or the anaerobic pyrolysis process can not treat the organic matters to reach the standard, the under-oxygen gasification process is used as an auxiliary. The oxygen deficiency means that enough oxygen is not provided, so that the organic matters are subjected to incomplete oxidation reaction. Compared with the invention with the application number of 202110694585.1, the gas generated by the oxygen deficiency gasification is less, and the generated gas is mostly combustible gas, thereby reducing the energy consumption. The advantages of this combination of oxygen-free pyrolysis with oxygen-deficient gasification are:
(1) the method is applicable to solid waste with high organic content;
(2) the parameter requirements of anaerobic pyrolysis can be reduced, for example, the treatment temperature can be reduced or the residence time can be reduced, so that the energy consumption and the cost are reduced to a certain extent;
(3) the residual organic matters in the gasification space are subjected to thermochemical reaction with a gasification medium and are converted into CO and H2The synthesis gas which is the main component further removes organic matters in the solid pyrolysis product, so that the treatment efficiency of the organic matters is improved, and the generated synthesis gas can provide heat energy for an oxygen-free pyrolysis or oxygen-deficient gasification process after being combusted;
(4) in the stage of the under-oxygen gasification, due to the high temperature (450-;
(5) the gas production amount is small in the oxygen deficiency gasification stage, and the purpose of emission reduction can be achieved.
As an improvement, the organic waste is treated to remove 80-95% of organic matters in an anaerobic pyrolysis stage. The parameters of the anaerobic pyrolysis stage may be controlled according to the removal ratio.
As a modification, the organic waste is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis at a temperature of 500 ℃ to 650 ℃.
As a refinement, the gasification medium is air, water vapor or a mixture of the air and the water vapor.
As a refinement, the gasification space is provided with an auxiliary heating mechanism.
As a further improvement, the oxygen-free pyrolysis step and the oxygen-deficient gasification step are respectively completed in the pyrolysis furnace and the gasification furnace, and the pyrolysis furnace and the gasification furnace are arranged in a split mode.
As a further improvement, the gasification furnace is horizontally arranged and comprises a furnace tank and a spiral conveying shaft positioned in the furnace tank, and the feeding amount of the materials is controlled so that a space for the gasification medium to stay is reserved between the materials and the top of the inner wall of the furnace tank. After pyrolysis, materials such as sludge, waste salt and the like are compact, a gasification medium is difficult to penetrate through the surface of the materials to enter the materials for internal reaction, the structure can enable the materials to be in contact with the gasification medium while rotating and loosening, and a good gasification effect can be achieved.
As an improvement, the top of the furnace tank of the gasification furnace is provided with a gasification medium inlet and a gas outlet.
As a further improvement, the gas generated by the gasification reaction is led out of the gasification space and then is combusted, and the heat energy is recycled.
As a further improvement, the gasification medium is introduced into the gasification space after heat exchange with the gaseous pyrolysis products produced in the oxygen-free pyrolysis step.
In conclusion, the anaerobic pyrolysis and the under-oxygen gasification are combined, most of organic matters are treated in the anaerobic pyrolysis stage, and a small part of organic matters are treated in the under-oxygen gasification stage, so that the technical parameters of the anaerobic pyrolysis and the waste gas yield of the under-oxygen gasification can be reduced, the treatment efficiency of the organic matters is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The material treated in the embodiment is chemical sludge, the treatment method is the same as the invention with the application number of 202110694585.1 in the step of anaerobic pyrolysis, and the invention replaces the aerobic oxidation process with the anaerobic gasification process. The process flow diagram is shown in figure 1, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) material characteristics: the organic matter content of the chemical sludge is 37 percent.
(2) An oxygen-free pyrolysis step: the anaerobic pyrolysis is carried out in an anaerobic space, and the anaerobic space is a pyrolysis furnace. In order to remove about 80% of organic pollutants by anaerobic pyrolysis, the following process parameters were determined: the gas consumption of the pyrolysis furnace is controlled to be 10-50 Nm3About/t, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas in the flue gas jacket is 600-1000 ℃, so that the chemical sludge is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis at the temperature of 500-650 ℃, the retention time of the materials is 30min, and the feeding speed is 2.5 t/h.
And (4) guiding the gaseous pyrolysis product obtained by pyrolysis out of the pyrolysis furnace for recycling. After the solid pyrolysis product in the pyrolysis furnace is subjected to heat treatment for 30min, the residual organic matters in the solid pyrolysis product account for about 19% of the total organic matters in the raw materials, and the organic matters removed in the anaerobic pyrolysis step account for 81%.
(3) And (3) under-oxygen gasification step: the oxygen-deficient gasification is carried out in a gasification space, solid pyrolysis products are led out from the oxygen-free space to an independent gasification space, and the gasification space is a gasification furnace arranged in a split mode with the pyrolysis furnace. The gasifier adopts horizontal setting, and the gasifier includes the boiler pot and is located the spiral delivery shaft of boiler pot, and the feeding volume of control material makes and leaves the space that supplies gasification medium to stop between the top of material and boiler pot inner wall. Generally, the reduction of the material is realized through the heat step, and the space for the gasified medium to stay is naturally reserved between the tops of the gasification furnaces on the premise that the spiral conveying shafts of the pyrolysis furnace and the gasification furnace are at the same rotating speed.
The top of the furnace tank of the gasification furnace is provided with a gasification medium inlet and a gas outlet. The gasification medium enters from a gasification medium inlet, the gasification medium is air, and the gasification medium enters the gasification space after exchanging heat with a gaseous pyrolysis product generated in the oxygen-free pyrolysis step. Controlling the air inflow to be 100-200 Nm3And h, enabling the gasification space to be in an oxygen deficiency state, enabling residual organic matters in the solid pyrolysis products to perform gasification reaction in the gasification space, leading gas generated by the gasification reaction out of the gasification space from a gas leading-out port, conducting combustion treatment after leading out, and recycling heat energy.
The gasification space is heated in an auxiliary mode in an electric heating mode, the aerobic space is heated in an auxiliary mode, the temperature in the gasification space is kept at about 650 ℃, the material retention time is 10-20 min, and the feeding speed is 1 t/h. The organic matter content of the gasified solid pyrolysis product is about 2 percent, and the tail gas is 240Nm3About/h of gasified combustible gas.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example the process of the invention of application No. 202110694585.1 was used, i.e. the process was carried out using anaerobic pyrolysis and aerobic oxidation processes, using the same equipment. The difference lies in that: in the aerobic oxidation stage, the air inflow is controlled to be 700-800 Nm3H, the oxidation temperature is still kept at about 650 ℃, and the feeding speed is high1t/h, the retention time of the material is about 15min for ensuring that the content of organic matters in the solid pyrolysis product is 2 percent, the retention time is slightly shorter than that of the under-oxygen gasification process, but the generated tail gas has a large quantity of 1100Nm3The reaction time is about one hour, and the combustible gas content in the tail gas is not high.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 only adopts an anaerobic pyrolysis scheme, and the fuel gas consumption of the whole system is controlled to be 40-90 Nm3On the premise of about/t, the retention time is about 2 hours, and the content of discharged organic matters is 1-2%.
Claims (10)
1. The method for treating organic waste by combining anaerobic pyrolysis with oxygen-deficient gasification is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) an oxygen-free pyrolysis step: carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis on organic wastes in an anaerobic space to obtain a solid pyrolysis product and a gaseous pyrolysis product, and leading the gaseous pyrolysis product out of the anaerobic space;
(2) and (3) under-oxygen gasification step: the solid pyrolysis product is led out of the oxygen-free space to the independent gasification space, a gasification medium is led into the gasification space to enable the gasification space to be in an oxygen-deficient state, residual organic matters in the solid pyrolysis product are subjected to gasification reaction in the gasification space, and combustible gas generated by the gasification reaction is led out of the gasification space.
2. The method of oxygen-free pyrolysis combined with oxygen-deficient gasification for treating organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: 80-95% of organic matters in the organic waste are treated in an anaerobic pyrolysis stage.
3. The method of oxygen-free pyrolysis combined with oxygen-deficient gasification for treating organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the organic waste is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis at a temperature of 500-650 ℃.
4. The method of oxygen-free pyrolysis combined with oxygen-deficient gasification for treating organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gasification medium is air, water vapor or a mixture of the air and the water vapor.
5. The method of oxygen-free pyrolysis combined with oxygen-deficient gasification for treating organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gasification space is provided with an auxiliary heating mechanism.
6. The method of oxygen-free pyrolysis combined with oxygen-deficient gasification for treating organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the oxygen-free pyrolysis step and the oxygen-deficient gasification step are respectively completed in the pyrolysis furnace and the gasification furnace, and the pyrolysis furnace and the gasification furnace are arranged in a split mode.
7. The method of oxygen-free pyrolysis combined with oxygen-deficient gasification for treating organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gasifier all adopts horizontal setting, and the gasifier includes the boiler furnace and is located the spiral delivery shaft of boiler furnace, and the feeding volume of control material makes and leaves the space that supplies gasification medium to stop between the top of material and boiler furnace inner wall.
8. The method of oxygen-free pyrolysis combined with oxygen-deficient gasification for treating organic waste as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the top of the furnace tank of the gasification furnace is provided with a gasification medium inlet and a gas outlet.
9. The method of oxygen-free pyrolysis combined with oxygen-deficient gasification for treating organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the gas generated in the oxygen-deficient gasification step is led out of the gasification space and then is combusted, and the heat energy is recycled.
10. The method of oxygen-free pyrolysis combined with oxygen-deficient gasification for treating organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gasification medium enters the gasification space after exchanging heat with gaseous pyrolysis products generated in the oxygen-free pyrolysis step.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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