CN113717134B - 一种检测氟离子的比率荧光探针及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种检测氟离子的比率荧光探针及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113717134B
CN113717134B CN202111160232.XA CN202111160232A CN113717134B CN 113717134 B CN113717134 B CN 113717134B CN 202111160232 A CN202111160232 A CN 202111160232A CN 113717134 B CN113717134 B CN 113717134B
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马永山
夏延钊
张凤霞
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种检测氟离子的比率荧光探针及其制备方法。该比率荧光探针含有乙酰胺给电子单元和不对称五元氧杂环环化苝四羧酸酯受电子单元。本发明的比率荧光探针合成简单,使用方便,可特异性与氟离子发生反应,对氟离子有良好的选择性。

Description

一种检测氟离子的比率荧光探针及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种检测氟离子的比率荧光探针和其制备方法。
背景技术
氟离子的电荷与半径比小、电荷密度大,具有独特的理化性质,在日常生活中的地位也很重要,常被添加到牙膏、饮用水和一些药物中,低量的氟离子有助于口腔清洁,但过量的氟离子可导致氟中毒,如何对它们进行识别检测是分析化学工作者面临的最具挑战性的问题之一。氟离子的测定方法有离子色谱法、离子选择电极法、茜素磺酸锆比色法和氟试剂比色法等。比率荧光探针法能同时检测两个荧光信号,具有进行自动校正的实际优势,能避免环境因素的影响,由于该方法简单、灵敏度好、性价比高,被广泛应用于环境、工业和医药等各个领域,然而,目前报道的检测氟离子的比率荧光探针还很有限。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明的目的是提供一种检测氟离子的比率荧光探针。
更具体的是,本发明涉及一种检测氟离子的比率荧光探针,它通过下式表示:
Figure 786251DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
本发明还提供了氟离子比率荧光探针的制备方法,其是通过将1-NO2-3,4;9,10-苝四羧酸酯溶于极性有机溶剂中,在氧气环境中,130℃-150℃下搅拌反应制得。
本发明的氟离子比率荧光探针的制备方法中,极性有机溶剂的用量为每克1-NO2-3,4;9,10-苝四羧酸酯用90-110毫升;反应时间是6-8小时。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明所涉及的一种检测氟离子的比率荧光探针,含有富电子的乙酰胺 (供体)基团和缺电子的苝(受体)单元,形成了含有-NH结构的共轭π电子体系。此外,将氧原子引入苝环中,得到了具有平面结构和共轭大π键的芳香体系,这种构象有助于电子从电子供体到电子受体的有效分子内电荷转移,对F-具有很好的选择性,并具有比率荧光响应的特点。
附图说明
图1是比率荧光探针的分子结构图;
图2是比率荧光探针的1H NMR谱图;
图3是比率荧光探针的13C NMR谱图;
图4是在二氯甲烷溶液中,本发明的比率荧光探针(10µM)与不同阴离子(当量为50.0)相互作用的(a)吸收光谱和(b)荧光发射光谱。嵌入图:(a)自然光下溶液颜色变化照片及(b)手持紫外灯下荧光颜色变化照片;
图5是在二氯甲烷溶液中,连续加入氟离子(0-50当量)后,本发明的比率荧光探针(10 μM)在λex = 449 nm,狭缝宽度=2.5 cm/2.5 cm处的吸收光谱(a)和发射光谱(b)在λex= 529 nm,狭缝宽度= 5cm/5cm处的发射光谱(c)。(d) 分别位于498 nm和633 nm处的荧光强度与氟离子量的对应曲线。嵌入图:(a)自然光下探针溶液的颜色变化及(b)手持紫外灯下探针溶液的荧光颜色变化;
图6是在手持紫外灯下,硅胶涂层载玻片上的本发明的比率荧光探针对氟离子(0-50当量)的荧光响应。
具体实施方式
实施例 1. 检测氟离子的比率荧光探针的制备
合成路线如下式所示:
Figure 7148DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
将化合物1(0.25g, 0.35 mmol)溶于50mL无水N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,然后在O2环境下加热至140℃,剧烈搅拌6h,冷却后倒入200ml的2mol/L HCl溶液中。真空过滤收集沉淀,用水洗涤3次(50 mL×3),在真空条件下干燥。以二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯(20/1)为洗脱剂,用硅胶柱层析法纯化,得到目标产物AOP(178mg, 72%)。1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ:9.15 (s, 1H), 8.67 (d, 1H, J=9 Hz), 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, 1H,J=9 Hz), 7.79 (s, 1H), 4.39-4.53 (m, 8H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.92 (m, 8H),1.50-1.62 (m, 8H), 1.00-1.15 (m, 12H);13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ: 168.56,128.24, 125.48, 65.98, 65.82, 65.83, 43.43, 31.9, 30.73, 29.67, 22.65, 19.24,13.83.
实施例 2. 检测氟离子的比率荧光探针硅胶色谱板的制备
将一定量浓度本发明比率荧光探针AOP的二氯甲烷溶液(10 mM)滴在硅胶色谱板上,在室温自然晾干,得本发明的比率荧光探针硅胶色谱板。
本发明对实施例1得到的比率荧光探针AOP进行了效果测试
1.AOP选择性分析
在本发明比率荧光探针AOP的二氯甲烷溶液中加入各种阴离子的四丁基铵盐(50.0当量探针浓度的F-,Cl-,Br-,I-,AcO-,SO4 2-和ClO4 -)溶液,通过吸收和荧光光谱研究了探针的选择性,单体AOP在449 nm处有一个强吸收峰,在426 nm和407 nm处有两个弱吸收峰(图4中(a))。在449 nm激发时,AOP在498 nm处出现最大发射峰。AOP对氟离子表现出很高的选择性,其π-π*吸收峰强度降低了约16%,在529 nm处出现了新的吸收峰,溶液中出现了肉眼可见的从黄绿色到橘红色的颜色变化(图4中(a),嵌入图)。同样,与氟离子相互作用后,以498 nm为中心的荧光峰强度减弱,在623 nm左右出现了新的荧光峰(图4中(b))。然而,与其他阴离子的相互作用显示AOP的光物理性质变化不大。在颜色变化方面,观察到荧光颜色由强的蓝绿色荧光变为弱紫红色荧光(图4中(b),嵌入图),而其他阴离子没有明显变化,总之,AOP对氟离子表现出很好的选择性,吸收峰和荧光峰均向长波长方向移动。
2.AOP对氟离子浓度变化响应分析
将氟离子(0-50当量)加入到AOP溶液中,吸收光谱显示比率型特点,伴随着449 nm处吸收峰降低,与此同时529纳米处的新吸收峰强度逐渐增强(图5中(a)),探针溶液的黄绿色逐渐变为橙红色(图5中(a) 嵌入图)。同样地,荧光滴定光谱研究也显示出比率型荧光特点,以498 nm为中心的AOP(λex = 370 nm)荧光峰强度逐渐减弱,在633 nm出现了新的荧光发射峰(图5中(b))。吸收光谱在463 nm出现等吸收点,荧光光谱在539 nm处出现等发射点,表明介质中存在不止一个物种,反应有新物质生成。在用氟离子对AOP进行荧光滴定时,AOP溶液的荧光由亮蓝绿色逐渐变为弱紫红色(图5中(b) 插图)。在用氟离子(0-50当量)滴定过程中,当用529 nm激发时,AOP在633 nm处的荧光峰强度显著增强(图5中(c))。图5中(d)显示了AOP在498 nm和633 nm处分别对应氟离子在二氯甲烷中浓度变化的荧光强度响应,荧光强度(I498nm和I633nm)在氟离子浓度从0到4.0×10-4M范围内呈线性变化规律。
3.AOP在氟离子检测中的应用
如图6所示,将不同浓度的氟离子溶液(分别为0,10,20,30,40,50当量)滴在附着在硅胶色谱板表面的AOP上,观察到荧光颜色从白色到黄褐色的瞬时改变,说明该探针适合固体条件下检测氟离子,有一定的实际应用价值。

Claims (6)

1.一种检测氟离子的比率荧光探针,其特征在于,所述比率荧光探针的化学结构式如下所示:
Figure 885382DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
2.权利要求1所述的比率荧光探针的合成方法,其中包括将1-NO2-3,4;9,10-苝四羧酸酯溶于极性有机溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,在氧气环境中,130℃-150℃下搅拌反应6-8小时后进行分离。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中极性有机溶剂的用量为每克1-NO2-3,4;9,10-苝四羧酸酯用90-110毫升。
4.根据权利要求2的方法,其中的分离包括前处理和色谱层析纯化。
5. 根据权利要求4的方法,其特征是,前处理采用的是以2mol/L HCl溶液为沉淀剂,真空过滤收集沉淀,用50mL蒸馏水洗涤3次,然后在真空条件下干燥。
6.根据权利要求4的方法,其特征是,纯化采用的是以体积比为20比1的二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯混合液为流动相,硅胶柱层析法纯化。
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