CN113716578A - Process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin - Google Patents
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- CN113716578A CN113716578A CN202111082962.2A CN202111082962A CN113716578A CN 113716578 A CN113716578 A CN 113716578A CN 202111082962 A CN202111082962 A CN 202111082962A CN 113716578 A CN113716578 A CN 113716578A
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
The invention relates to a process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin, belongs to the technical field of coal-series kaolin, and solves the technical problems that the removal rate of a quartz removing method is low, the resource consumption is high, the quartz cannot be effectively removed and the like in the traditional method for mainly separating minerals with the free quartz content of more than 20% in the coal-series kaolin. The solution is as follows: a process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin comprises the following steps: primary elimination; secondary elimination; removing for three times; removing for four times; removing for five times; and (6) packaging a finished product. The invention strictly controls the crushing equipment and screening requirements of the raw materials, the fineness of the sorted minerals, the gravity selection condition of the cyclone, the flotation parameters and the addition of medicaments, the sequence and control requirements of wet grinding, classification process and the like, and is favorable for the free quartz SiO in the raw materials under the condition of ensuring that the components of the product are not changed2The content of the impurities is reduced, and the quartz content of the prepared high-purity coal-series kaolin product is reduced to 1-5 percent, which is 10-50 percent of the quartz content of the existing coal-series kaolin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal-series kaolin, and particularly relates to a process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin.
Background
The northern China contains rich coal-series kaolin resources, and the application field of the kaolin as a novel non-metallic mineral functional material is continuously expanded, so that the kaolin plays an important role in the fields of coating, papermaking, ceramics, rubber and plastics, chemical engineering and the like. However, due to the association of coal series kaolin minerals and coal, the coal series kaolin is hard in texture, is embedded with the vein minerals tightly, is difficult to separate impurities, has low mass fraction of quartz except for coal series kaolin with extremely high purity, does not need to consider to remove the quartz, is associated with a large amount of quartz in most coal series kaolin, and has very fine embedded particle size. The existence of free quartz in kaolin can cause occupational diseases of workers in the production process of the coating and paper industry, and the main sources of silicosis comprise the free quartz.
The conventional physical and chemical purification can not independently extract free quartz in the coal-series kaolin, the existing process technology mainly separates the kaolin and minerals with the content of the free quartz exceeding 20 percent in the coal-series kaolin, and the main technology mainly adopts the original washing and gravity separation process for removing, so that the removal rate is low, and the resource consumption is high. Due to the mineral structure characteristics of the coal-series kaolin, the bonding degree of free quartz and the kaolinite is high, the relative content is low, the existing process means can not effectively remove the free quartz and the kaolinite, and the application of the coal-series kaolin functional material in the fields of high-end coating and paper making is seriously limited.
At the present stage, the technology for removing quartz from coal-series kaolin is immature, the prior art does not specifically carry out system design and research on the removal of free quartz from coal-series kaolin, and in order to solve the problems that the content of free quartz in coal-series kaolin is less than 10%, the removal difficulty is high, the removal rate of the prior art is not more than 90%, and the technical problem in the high-end application of coal-series kaolin is urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin, and solves the technical problems that minerals with the content of the free quartz exceeding 20% in the coal-series kaolin are mainly sorted, and a quartz removing method is low in removing rate, high in resource consumption, incapable of effectively removing the free quartz, and the like.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) primary elimination: crushing the coal series kaolinite rock ore for three times until the fineness is 1mm, wherein the fineness ratio of the raw materials after the three times of crushing is 300-500: 30-50: 0-3, screening the crushed ore powder material by a 20-mesh screen to obtain a primary crushed raw material;
(2) secondary elimination: grinding the primary crushed raw materials obtained in the step (1) through grinding equipment to obtain coal-series kaolin mineral powder, wherein the fineness of the ground powder is controlled to be 200-300 meshes, and the mineral powder below 200 meshes is discharged through a slag discharge port of the grinding equipment;
(3) removing for three times: mixing the 200-300-mesh coal-series kaolin mineral powder obtained in the step (2), water and a dispersing agent to obtain slurry with the solid content of 25-45%, and separating the slurry in a hydrocyclone to obtain overflow slurry;
the dispersant accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the coal series kaolin mineral powder, and the dispersant is sodium hexametaphosphate or ammonium polyacrylate; the diameter of a top cylinder at the inlet of the hydrocyclone is 30 mm-100 mm, the cone angle of the hydrocyclone is 10-15 degrees, and the slurry inlet pressure is 1.0-2.5 MPa;
(4) four times of elimination: adding a pH regulator into the overflow slurry obtained in the step (3), adjusting the pH value of the overflow slurry to be 8-11, adding a flotation reagent for size mixing, allowing the overflow slurry to enter a flotation machine for flotation operation after size mixing is completed, wherein the flotation time is 10-20 min, and storing the semi-cost slurry obtained after flotation in a flotation tank;
the pH regulator is sodium hydroxide, the flotation reagent is a mixture of sodium oleate and sodium petroleum sulfonate, the sodium oleate accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder, and the sodium petroleum sulfonate accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder;
(5) and (5) five times of elimination: carrying out wet grinding on the semi-finished product slurry obtained in the step (4) to enable the share of the slurry with the granularity smaller than 2 mu m in the slurry to be 78-85%, and grading the slurry through a horizontal centrifuge after grinding is finished, wherein the rotating speed of the horizontal centrifuge is 2500-3200 r/min;
(6) and (4) cost packaging: and (4) carrying out filter pressing dehydration on the slurry obtained after centrifugal classification in the step (5), and conventionally drying to obtain a high-purity coal-series kaolin finished product for packaging.
Further, the third crushing in the step (1) is sequentially a jaw crusher, a cone crusher and a centrifugal crusher. The process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the mineral powder with the grinding fineness of more than 250 meshes in the 200-300-mesh coal series kaolin mineral powder accounts for no more than 30%.
Further, the milling equipment in the step (2) is an Oldham mill.
Further, in the step (3), the diameter of a top cylinder at the inlet of the hydrocyclone is 30-50 mm, and the slurry inlet pressure is 2-2.5 MPa.
Further, a pH regulator is added in the step (4) to adjust the pH value of the overflow slurry to 9, wherein sodium oleate accounts for 0.1-0.15% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder, and sodium petroleum sulfonate accounts for 0.1-0.15% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder.
Further, in the step (5), wet grinding is carried out to ensure that the share of the slurry with the granularity of less than 2 mu m in the slurry is between 78 and 82 percent, and the rotating speed of the horizontal centrifuge is 3000 to 3200 r/min.
A primary removing stage: because the relative hardness of the coal-series kaolinite rock and quartz is different, the crushing mode, the crushing times and the crushing granularity of the raw materials are regulated, the ore grinding efficiency of the coal-series kaolinite rock can be effectively improved through screening treatment, free quartz with high hardness is removed, and crushers with different precisions are selected according to the size of the materials, so that the best effect is realized.
And (3) secondary removing stage: this stage milling equipment realizes the sorting of different mesh numbers coal series kaolin powder, and the crocus reaches 200 ~ 250 mesh stages and is the available material, lies in through the extrusion breakage, realizes being less than 1mm quartz particle and carries out first sorting, effectively reduces free quartz content, and the effective coal series kaolin powder free quartz through sorting is not higher than 8%.
And a third eliminating stage: the diameter of the hydrocyclone is set, the slurry inlet pressure is set, and the cone angle is selected, so that the quartz particles with large density and large particle size are removed through gravity separation, and the overflow slurry obtained through gravity separation can reduce the quartz content by 1-3%.
Four elimination stages: the aim of effectively removing free quartz is achieved through selective flotation, and the quartz content can be reduced by 2-4% in the stage.
And five rejection stages: the quartz in the coal-series kaolin crystal is removed through grinding and high-speed centrifugation, so that further guarantee is provided for finally reducing the quartz content of the coal-series kaolin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention mainly combines the ore dressing industry and the characteristics of kaolin quartz ore, eliminates 5 times, strictly controls each link, realizes the elimination of coal series kaolin free quartz, greatly improves the utilization efficiency of coal series kaolin, provides technical possibility for developing high-performance functional materials for coal series kaolin in China, and ensures the international standard of the product performance index of exported coal series kaolin functional materials.
The invention strictly controls the crushing equipment and screening requirements of the raw materials, the fineness of the sorted minerals, the gravity selection condition of the cyclone, the flotation parameters and the addition of medicaments, the sequence and control requirements of wet grinding, classification process and the like, and is favorable for the free quartz SiO in the raw materials under the condition of ensuring that the components of the product are not changed2The content of the impurities is reduced, so that the quartz content of the high-purity coal-series kaolin product prepared by the invention is reduced to 1-5 percent, which is 10-50 percent of the quartz content of the existing coal-series kaolin. The technology realizes the development of coal-series calcined kaolin for high-end coating papermaking, the product index meets the requirements of European standard and international standard, and the environmental protection and safety risk of coal-series kaolin functional materials is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) primary elimination: crushing coal series kaolinite rock ore sequentially for three times until the fineness is 1mm, wherein the fineness ratio of the raw materials after the three times of crushing is 300: 30: 1, screening the crushed ore powder material by a 20-mesh screen to obtain a primary crushed raw material;
(2) secondary elimination: grinding the primary crushed raw materials obtained in the step (1) through grinding equipment to obtain coal-series kaolin mineral powder, wherein the fineness of the ground powder is controlled to be 200-300 meshes, and the mineral powder below 200 meshes is discharged through a slag discharge port of the grinding equipment; the free quartz of the sorted effective coal-series kaolin powder is experimentally determined to be 7.8% by an X-ray diffractometer.
(3) Removing for three times: mixing the coal-series kaolin mineral powder with the particle size of 200-300 meshes obtained in the step (2), water and a dispersing agent to obtain slurry with the solid content of 25%, and separating the slurry in a hydrocyclone to obtain overflow slurry;
the dispersant accounts for 0.1 percent of the weight of the coal series kaolin mineral powder, and the dispersant is sodium hexametaphosphate or ammonium polyacrylate; the diameter of a top cylinder at the inlet of the hydrocyclone is 30mm, the cone angle of the hydrocyclone is 15 degrees, and the slurry inlet pressure is 1.0 MPa; the overflow slurry obtained by gravity separation is measured by an X-ray diffractometer through experiments, and the quartz content of the overflow slurry can be reduced by 1.5 percent.
(4) Four times of elimination: adding a pH regulator into the overflow slurry obtained in the step (3), adjusting the pH value of the overflow slurry to be pH 8, then adding a flotation reagent for size mixing, allowing the overflow slurry to enter a flotation machine for flotation operation after size mixing is completed, wherein the flotation time is 10min, and storing the half-cost slurry obtained after flotation in a flotation tank;
the pH regulator is sodium hydroxide, the flotation reagent is a mixture of sodium oleate and sodium petroleum sulfonate, the sodium oleate accounts for 0.1% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder, and the sodium petroleum sulfonate accounts for 0.1% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder; the quartz content at this stage was reduced by 2.4% as determined by X-ray diffractometry.
(5) And (5) five times of elimination: wet grinding the semi-finished product slurry obtained in the step (4) to enable the share of the slurry with the granularity smaller than 2 mu m in the slurry to be 78%, and grading the slurry through a horizontal centrifuge after grinding, wherein the rotating speed of the horizontal centrifuge is 2500 r/min;
(6) and (4) cost packaging: and (4) carrying out filter pressing dehydration on the slurry obtained after centrifugal classification in the step (5), and conventionally drying to obtain a high-purity coal-series kaolin finished product for packaging.
Further, the third crushing in the step (1) is sequentially a jaw crusher, a cone crusher and a centrifugal crusher.
Further, in the step (2), the mineral powder with the fineness of over 250 meshes in the 200-300-mesh coal series kaolin mineral powder accounts for no more than 30%.
Further, the milling equipment in the step (2) is an Oldham mill.
Example 2
A process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) primary elimination: crushing the coal series kaolinite rock ore sequentially for three times until the fineness is 1mm, wherein the fineness ratio of the raw materials after the three times of crushing is 400: 40: 2, screening the crushed ore powder material by a 20-mesh screen to obtain a primary crushed raw material;
(2) secondary elimination: grinding the primary crushed raw materials obtained in the step (1) through grinding equipment to obtain coal-series kaolin mineral powder, wherein the fineness of the ground powder is controlled to be 200-300 meshes, and the mineral powder below 200 meshes is discharged through a slag discharge port of the grinding equipment; the free quartz of the sorted effective coal-series kaolin powder is experimentally determined to be 7.2% by an X-ray diffractometer.
(3) Removing for three times: mixing the 200-300-mesh coal-series kaolin mineral powder obtained in the step (2), water and a dispersing agent to obtain slurry with the solid content of 35%, and separating the slurry in a hydrocyclone to obtain overflow slurry;
the dispersant accounts for 0.15 percent of the weight of the coal series kaolin mineral powder, and the dispersant is sodium hexametaphosphate or ammonium polyacrylate; the diameter of a top cylinder at the inlet of the hydrocyclone is 50mm, the cone angle of the hydrocyclone is 13 degrees, and the slurry inlet pressure is 2 MPa; the overflow slurry obtained by gravity separation is determined by experiments to reduce the quartz content by 1.7 percent.
(4) Four times of elimination: adding a pH regulator into the overflow slurry obtained in the step (3), adjusting the pH value of the overflow slurry to be pH 9, then adding a flotation reagent for size mixing, allowing the overflow slurry to enter a flotation machine for flotation operation after size mixing is completed, wherein the flotation time is 15min, and storing the half-cost slurry obtained after flotation in a flotation tank;
the pH regulator is sodium hydroxide, the flotation reagent is a mixture of sodium oleate and sodium petroleum sulfonate, the sodium oleate accounts for 0.15% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder, and the sodium petroleum sulfonate accounts for 0.15% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder; the quartz content at this stage was reduced by 2.6% as determined by X-ray diffractometry.
(5) And (5) five times of elimination: wet grinding the semi-finished product slurry obtained in the step (4) to ensure that the share of the slurry with the granularity of less than 2 mu m in the slurry is 82 percent, and grading the slurry by a horizontal centrifuge at the rotating speed of 3000r/min after grinding;
(6) and (4) cost packaging: and (4) carrying out filter pressing dehydration on the slurry obtained after centrifugal classification in the step (5), and conventionally drying to obtain a high-purity coal-series kaolin finished product for packaging.
Further, the third crushing in the step (1) is sequentially a jaw crusher, a cone crusher and a centrifugal crusher.
Further, in the step (2), the mineral powder with the fineness of over 250 meshes in the 200-300-mesh coal series kaolin mineral powder accounts for no more than 30%.
Further, the milling equipment in the step (2) is an Oldham mill.
Example 3
A process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) primary elimination: crushing coal series kaolinite rock ore sequentially for three times until the fineness is 1mm, wherein the fineness ratio of the raw materials after the three times of crushing is 500: 50: 3, screening the crushed ore powder material by a 20-mesh screen to obtain a primary crushed raw material;
(2) secondary elimination: grinding the primary crushed raw materials obtained in the step (1) through grinding equipment to obtain coal-series kaolin mineral powder, wherein the fineness of the ground powder is controlled to be 200-300 meshes, and the mineral powder below 200 meshes is discharged through a slag discharge port of the grinding equipment; the sorted effective coal-based kaolin powder free quartz was determined to be 6.9% by X-ray diffractometry.
(3) Removing for three times: mixing the 200-300-mesh coal-series kaolin mineral powder obtained in the step (2), water and a dispersing agent to obtain slurry with the solid content of 45%, and separating the slurry in a hydrocyclone to obtain overflow slurry;
the dispersant accounts for 0.2 percent of the weight of the coal series kaolin mineral powder, and the dispersant is sodium hexametaphosphate or ammonium polyacrylate; the diameter of a top cylinder at the inlet of the hydrocyclone is 100mm, the cone angle of the hydrocyclone is 10 degrees, and the slurry inlet pressure is 2.5 MPa; the overflow slurry obtained by gravity separation can reduce the quartz content by 1.9 percent according to the measurement of an X-ray diffractometer.
(4) Four times of elimination: adding a pH regulator into the overflow slurry obtained in the step (3), adjusting the pH value of the overflow slurry to pH 11, adding a flotation reagent for size mixing, allowing the overflow slurry to enter a flotation machine for flotation operation after size mixing is completed, wherein the flotation time is 20min, and storing the half-cost slurry obtained after flotation in a flotation tank;
the pH regulator is sodium hydroxide, the flotation reagent is a mixture of sodium oleate and sodium petroleum sulfonate, the sodium oleate accounts for 0.2% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder, and the sodium petroleum sulfonate accounts for 0.2% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder; the quartz content at this stage was reduced by 2.9% as determined by X-ray diffractometry.
(5) And (5) five times of elimination: wet grinding the semi-finished product slurry obtained in the step (4) to enable the share of the slurry with the granularity smaller than 2 mu m in the slurry to be 85%, and grading the slurry through a horizontal centrifuge after grinding, wherein the rotating speed of the horizontal centrifuge is 3200 r/min;
(6) and (4) cost packaging: and (4) carrying out filter pressing dehydration on the slurry obtained after centrifugal classification in the step (5), and conventionally drying to obtain a high-purity coal-series kaolin finished product for packaging.
Further, the third crushing in the step (1) is sequentially a jaw crusher, a cone crusher and a centrifugal crusher.
Further, in the step (2), the mineral powder with the fineness of over 250 meshes in the 200-300-mesh coal series kaolin mineral powder accounts for no more than 30%.
Further, the milling equipment in the step (2) is an Oldham mill.
The experimental records are as follows, and the content of free quartz and the rejection rate of the free quartz are counted:
Claims (6)
1. a process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) primary elimination: crushing the coal series kaolinite rock ore for three times until the fineness is 1mm, wherein the fineness ratio of the raw materials after the three times of crushing is 300-500: 30-50: 0-3, screening the crushed ore powder material by a 20-mesh screen to obtain a primary crushed raw material;
(2) secondary elimination: grinding the primary crushed raw materials obtained in the step (1) through grinding equipment to obtain coal-series kaolin mineral powder, wherein the fineness of the ground powder is controlled to be 200-300 meshes, and the mineral powder below 200 meshes is discharged through a slag discharge port of the grinding equipment;
(3) removing for three times: mixing the 200-300-mesh coal-series kaolin mineral powder obtained in the step (2), water and a dispersing agent to obtain slurry with the solid content of 25-45%, and separating the slurry in a hydrocyclone to obtain overflow slurry;
the dispersant accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the coal series kaolin mineral powder, and the dispersant is sodium hexametaphosphate or ammonium polyacrylate; the diameter of a top cylinder at the inlet of the hydrocyclone is 30 mm-100 mm, the cone angle of the hydrocyclone is 10-15 degrees, and the slurry inlet pressure is 1.0-2.5 MPa;
(4) four times of elimination: adding a pH regulator into the overflow slurry obtained in the step (3), adjusting the pH value of the overflow slurry to be 8-11, adding a flotation reagent for size mixing, allowing the overflow slurry to enter a flotation machine for flotation operation after size mixing is completed, wherein the flotation time is 10-20 min, and storing the semi-cost slurry obtained after flotation in a flotation tank;
the pH regulator is sodium hydroxide, the flotation reagent is a mixture of sodium oleate and sodium petroleum sulfonate, the sodium oleate accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder, and the sodium petroleum sulfonate accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder;
(5) and (5) five times of elimination: carrying out wet grinding on the semi-finished product slurry obtained in the step (4) to enable the share of the slurry with the granularity smaller than 2 mu m in the slurry to be 78-85%, and grading the slurry through a horizontal centrifuge after grinding is finished, wherein the rotating speed of the horizontal centrifuge is 2500-3200 r/min;
(6) and (4) cost packaging: and (4) carrying out filter pressing dehydration on the slurry obtained after centrifugal classification in the step (5), and conventionally drying to obtain a high-purity coal-series kaolin finished product for packaging.
2. The process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the three-time crushing is sequentially performed by a jaw crusher, a conical crushing agent and a centrifugal crusher.
3. The process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the mineral powder with the grinding fineness of more than 250 meshes in the 200-300-mesh coal series kaolin mineral powder accounts for no more than 30%. The process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) the milling equipment in the step (2) is an European plate mill.
4. The process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the diameter of a top cylinder at the inlet of the hydrocyclone is 30-50 mm, and the slurry inlet pressure is 2-2.5 MPa.
5. The process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) adding a pH regulator to regulate the pH value of the overflow slurry to 9, wherein the sodium oleate accounts for 0.1-0.15% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder, and the sodium petroleum sulfonate accounts for 0.1-0.15% of the weight of the coal-series kaolin mineral powder.
6. The process for removing free quartz from coal-series kaolin as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (5) wet grinding is carried out in the step (5) to ensure that the share of the slurry with the granularity of less than 2 mu m in the slurry is between 78 and 82 percent, and the rotating speed of the horizontal centrifuge is 3000 to 3200 r/min.
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| WO2023216690A1 (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-11-16 | 中国矿业大学 | Whole size-fraction sorting pre-enrichment system and process for coal-series co-associated mineral gallium lithium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023216690A1 (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-11-16 | 中国矿业大学 | Whole size-fraction sorting pre-enrichment system and process for coal-series co-associated mineral gallium lithium |
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| CN113716578B (en) | 2023-04-11 |
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