CN113714152A - Energy storage type super capacitor screening method applied to aerospace power supply - Google Patents
Energy storage type super capacitor screening method applied to aerospace power supply Download PDFInfo
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- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/42—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
- B64G1/425—Power storage
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
The invention discloses a screening method of an energy storage type super capacitor applied to an aerospace power supply, which comprises the following steps: s1: vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test: performing a constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test on the super capacitor under high-temperature and low-temperature cycles; s2: respectively counting the average value of the voltage of the first monomer at any moment in the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current circulating charge-discharge test of each super capacitor under different temperature conditions; s3: counting a first total voltage average value and a first total variance of all super capacitors at any moment in a vacuum variable-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test under different temperature conditions; s4: selecting the super capacitor of which the average value of the voltage of the first monomer does not exceed a first voltage threshold at any moment in the charge-discharge cycle under different temperature conditions; the method not only avoids complex parameter identification operation, but also has good consistency of the super capacitor at different temperatures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerospace power supplies, in particular to a screening method of an energy storage type super capacitor applied to an aerospace power supply.
Background
The super capacitor is a novel green energy storage device capable of being charged/discharged rapidly. The battery has the double functions of the traditional electrolytic capacitor and the battery, the power density of the battery is far higher than that of the battery, and the charging and discharging speed of the battery is much higher than that of the battery; the energy density is much higher than that of the conventional electrolytic capacitor. Compared with the traditional electrolytic capacitor and battery, the super capacitor has the advantages of small volume, large energy density, high charging and discharging speed, long cycle life, high discharging power, wide working temperature range (-40 ℃ -85 ℃), good reliability, low cost and the like. Therefore, the super capacitor is becoming a novel, efficient, practical, green and environment-friendly rapid charging and discharging energy storage device.
However, the operating environment of the aerospace power supply system has the following specificity: the variation range of vacuum and environmental temperature is very large, the cosmic electromagnetic radiation intensity is far greater than that of the ground, the mechanical reliability requirements such as overload, vibration, impact and the like are high in the process of entering the space from the ground, and meanwhile, due to the limitation of space launching capacity, the quality of a space power supply system needs to be strictly controlled. Therefore, there is a need to provide a method for screening energy storage type super capacitors applied to aerospace power supplies, so as to at least partially solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In this summary, concepts in a simplified form are introduced that are further described in the detailed description. This summary of the invention is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In order to at least partially solve the problems, the invention provides a screening method of an energy storage type super capacitor applied to an aerospace power supply, which comprises the following steps:
s1: vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test: carrying out constant-current cyclic charge-discharge tests on the super capacitors under the temperature cycle of normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature, and sampling the voltage value, the current value and the temperature value of each super capacitor in the whole process;
s2: respectively counting the average value of the voltage of the first monomer at any moment in the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current circulating charge-discharge test of each super capacitor under different temperature conditions;
s3: counting a first total voltage average value and a first total variance of all super capacitors at any moment in a vacuum variable-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test under different temperature conditions;
s4: selecting the super capacitor of which the average value of the voltage of the first monomer does not exceed a first voltage threshold at any moment in the charge-discharge cycle under different temperature conditions; the first voltage threshold is determined by calculation according to the first cell voltage average value, the first overall voltage average value and the first overall variance.
Preferably, a step S5 is included before S1, and accordingly, the super capacitor in the step S1 is the super capacitor selected in the step S5;
the step S5 is a normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test, which comprises the following steps:
s501: carrying out a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor at normal temperature and normal pressure, and sampling a voltage value, a current value and a temperature value of the super capacitor;
s502: calculating and counting a first monomer electrostatic capacity average value and a first monomer internal resistance average value of each super capacitor, calculating and counting a first total electrostatic capacity average value, a first total electrostatic capacity variance, a first total internal resistance average value and a first total internal resistance variance of all the super capacitors, and selecting the super capacitors of which the first monomer electrostatic capacity average value does not exceed a first electrostatic capacity threshold value and the first monomer internal resistance average value does not exceed a first internal resistance threshold value; the first electrostatic capacity threshold value is determined by calculation according to the first monomer electrostatic capacity average value, the first total electrostatic capacity average value and the first total electrostatic capacity variance; the first internal resistance threshold value is determined by calculation according to the first monomer internal resistance average value, the first total internal resistance average value and the first total internal resistance variance.
Preferably, the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test conditions in the step S1 are as follows: the test temperature is changed according to the sequence of normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature, and the change rate of the test temperature is not more than 1 ℃/min; the high temperature is 60 ℃, the normal temperature is 20 ℃, and the low temperature is-20 ℃; test pressure under vacuum condition is not more than 1 x 10-3pa。
Preferably, in the step S1, the performing a constant current cycle charge and discharge test on the super capacitor under a temperature cycle of "normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature" includes:
performing a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor in the process of temperature change of 'normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature';
and after the test temperature change is finished every time, the super capacitor is placed for a first standing time, and then a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test is started.
Preferably, the sampling the voltage value, the current value and the temperature value of each super capacitor in the whole process in the step S1 includes:
connecting the super capacitors in series to form a temporary super capacitor bank;
and simultaneously, respectively carrying out the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on a plurality of groups of temporary super capacitor groups, and collecting the voltage value, the current value and the temperature value of each super capacitor.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
s6: placing the super capacitor passing the step S4 for a second standing time at normal temperature and normal pressure, and performing a normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test;
the normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge and discharge test comprises the following steps:
s601, carrying out a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor at normal temperature and normal pressure, and sampling a voltage value, a current value and a temperature value of the super capacitor;
s602, calculating and counting a second monomer electrostatic capacity average value and a second monomer internal resistance average value of each super capacitor, calculating and counting a second overall electrostatic capacity average value, a second overall electrostatic capacity variance, a second overall internal resistance average value and a second overall internal resistance variance of all the super capacitors, and selecting the super capacitors of which the second monomer electrostatic capacity average value does not exceed a second electrostatic capacity threshold value and the second monomer internal resistance average value does not exceed the second internal resistance threshold value; the second electrostatic capacity threshold value is determined by calculation according to the second monomer electrostatic capacity average value, the second overall electrostatic capacity average value and the second overall electrostatic capacity variance; and the second internal resistance threshold value is determined by calculation according to the second single internal resistance average value, the second overall internal resistance average value and the second overall internal resistance variance.
Preferably, the method further comprises a step of S7, wherein the step of S7 is after the step of S6;
s7: calculating and determining a monomer electrostatic capacity change value, a total electrostatic capacity average change value and a total electrostatic capacity change value variance according to the first monomer electrostatic capacity average value and the second monomer electrostatic capacity average value of each super capacitor; calculating and determining a monomer internal resistance change value, a total internal resistance average change value and a total internal resistance change value variance according to the first monomer internal resistance average value and the second monomer internal resistance average value; determining the total electrostatic capacity attenuation and the monomer internal resistance change value according to the monomer electrostatic capacity change value and the monomer internal resistance change value;
and selecting the super capacitor with the monomer electrostatic capacity change value not greater than the electrostatic capacity change threshold and the monomer internal resistance change value not greater than the internal resistance change threshold.
Preferably, the method further comprises a step of S8, wherein the step of S8 is after the step of S7;
s8: voltage holding test: and after the super capacitor is charged to the rated voltage by constant current, keeping the super capacitor for a second holding time, opening the circuit and placing the super capacitor for 24 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure, calculating the monomer voltage change value, the total voltage change value and the total voltage change value variance before and after the open circuit is placed, and selecting the super capacitor of which the voltage change value is not more than the voltage change threshold value. The voltage change threshold is determined according to the monomer voltage change value, the overall voltage change value and the overall voltage change value variance.
Preferably, the method further comprises a step of S9, wherein the step of S9 is after the step of S8;
s6: physical property test: measuring the size and mass of the super capacitor; and checking whether the shell of the super capacitor has deformation or electrolyte traces, and screening out the super capacitor with the shell deformation or the electrolyte traces.
Preferably, the constant-current cyclic charge and discharge process in the vacuum variable-temperature constant-current cyclic charge and discharge test and the normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge and discharge test includes:
charging the super capacitor to a first rated voltage at a first constant current;
after the rated voltage is maintained for a first maintaining time, the super capacitor discharges to a second constant voltage at a first constant current and then stops discharging;
and standing for a first retention time after the discharging is stopped, and performing next charging and discharging circulation on the super capacitor.
Firstly, the method for screening the energy storage type super capacitor only adopts voltage to screen the super capacitor. The electric model of the super capacitor mainly comprises an RC series model, a classical equivalent circuit model, a ladder circuit model, a three-branch equivalent circuit model and the like. However, each model has its disadvantages: the RC series model and the classical equivalent circuit model can roughly describe the characteristics of the super capacitor, but cannot reflect the self-discharge characteristics of the super capacitor, while the RC series model, the classical equivalent circuit model and the ladder circuit model cannot reflect the dynamic performance of the super capacitor, and the three-branch equivalent circuit model can develop the dynamic performance of the super capacitor and also can realize the model accuracy, but is difficult in parameter identification and needs complex operation.
Regardless of the electrical model, it is necessary to calculate each parameter from a voltage value and a current value. The energy storage type super capacitor screening method provided by the invention abandons the idea of adopting an electric appliance model, identifying and calculating each parameter and selecting the super capacitor with each parameter close to each other. In the technical scheme of the invention, the current I (t) of the super capacitor chamber keeps unchanged, and the internal resistance Rs keeps unchanged in a constant temperature state, so that the change of the voltage U (t) of the super capacitor is only related to the dynamic capacitance value and the internal resistance of the super capacitor. The method for directly comparing the voltage values is used for screening the super capacitors with high consistency, and the complicated calculation process is simplified.
Secondly, the traditional screening method only considers the consistency of the static performances of all super capacitors at normal temperature, and does not take temperature factors and voltage conditions into consideration. According to the invention, constant current circulating charge-discharge tests are respectively carried out on the super capacitor under the states of normal temperature, high temperature and low temperature, the super capacitor screened out by using the voltage average value at any moment in the constant current circulating charge-discharge tests considers the dual effects of temperature and dynamic performance, namely, the screened super capacitor still has high dynamic consistency under the conditions of different voltages and different temperatures.
Other advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for screening an energy storage type super capacitor applied to an aerospace power supply according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a general step diagram of a method for screening an energy storage type super capacitor applied to an aerospace power supply according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a constant current cyclic charge and discharge test according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a voltage variation trend chart in the constant current cycle charge and discharge test according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
According to the invention, a super capacitor charging and discharging system is adopted to perform a charging and discharging test on the super capacitor, and the super capacitor charging and discharging system can perform a cyclic charging and discharging test on a plurality of super capacitors or a plurality of super capacitor banks according to a preset program. The super capacitor charging and discharging system comprises an upper computer, a single chip microcomputer, a power supply module, a constant current electronic load module, a circuit switching module, a voltage acquisition module, a current acquisition module and a temperature acquisition module.
The super capacitor or the super capacitor bank is connected with the power supply module and the constant current electronic load module through the circuit switching module.
The circuit switching module can switch the charging and discharging states of the super capacitor or the super capacitor bank under the control of the single chip microcomputer.
The power module can charge the super capacitor or the super capacitor bank under the control of the single chip microcomputer, and the charging mode of the power module comprises a constant current charging mode, a constant voltage charging mode, a constant power charging mode, a pulse charging mode and a stage charging mode.
The constant current electronic load module can discharge the super capacitor or the super capacitor bank under the control of the single chip microcomputer, and the discharge mode of the constant current electronic load module comprises a constant current discharge mode and a constant resistance discharge mode.
The voltage acquisition module is connected with the super capacitor or the super capacitor bank in parallel, acquires voltages at two ends of the super capacitor or the super capacitor bank, and transmits voltage data to the single chip microcomputer.
The current acquisition module is connected with the super capacitor or the super capacitor bank in series, acquires currents at two ends of the super capacitor or the super capacitor bank, and transmits current data to the single chip microcomputer.
The temperature acquisition module acquires the temperature of the super capacitor or the super capacitor bank and transmits temperature data to the single chip microcomputer.
The upper computer is electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer, reads and processes data in the single chip microcomputer, and sends an action instruction to the single chip microcomputer.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a screening method of an energy storage type super capacitor applied to an aerospace power supply, which comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a screening method of an energy storage type super capacitor applied to an aerospace power supply, which comprises the following steps: an energy storage type super capacitor screening method applied to an aerospace power supply is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test: carrying out constant-current cyclic charge-discharge tests on the super capacitors under the temperature cycle of normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature, and sampling the voltage value, the current value and the temperature value of each super capacitor in the whole process;
s2: respectively counting the average value of the voltage of the first monomer at any moment in the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current circulating charge-discharge test of each super capacitor under different temperature conditions;
s3: counting a first total voltage average value and a first total variance of all super capacitors at any moment in a vacuum variable-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test under different temperature conditions;
s4: selecting the super capacitor of which the average value of the voltage of the first monomer does not exceed a first voltage threshold at any moment in the charge-discharge cycle under different temperature conditions; the first voltage threshold is determined by calculation according to the first cell voltage average value, the first overall voltage average value and the first overall variance.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: at any one time, the voltage of the super capacitor is
U(t)＝Uc(t)+Rs*I(t)， (1)
Wherein U (t) is the voltage of the super capacitor; uc (t) is the equivalent capacitance voltage of the super capacitor; rs is equivalent series resistance, i.e. internal resistance; i (t) is the current of the super capacitor; t represents the test time in the current charge-discharge cycle.
S1: in the vacuum variable-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test, the voltage of each super capacitor is sampled and recorded as U (x, M, T, N, T), wherein x is the number of the super capacitor, M represents the temperature cycle number, T represents the test temperature, N represents the charge-discharge test number at the current test temperature, and T represents the test time in the current charge-discharge cycle.
S2: respectively counting the average value of the voltage of the first monomer at any moment in the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current circulating charge-discharge test of each super capacitor under different temperature conditions
S3: counting the average value mu (T, T) and the variance sigma of the first total voltage of all the super capacitors at any moment in the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test under different temperature conditions2(T,t)；
S4: taking the average value of the voltage of the first monomer at any moment not to exceed a first voltage threshold T in the charge-discharge cycle under different temperature conditionsUThe super capacitor of (a);
selecting the super capacitor with the voltage value meeting the formula (2) at any time at any temperature
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that:
firstly, the method for screening the energy storage type super capacitor only adopts voltage to screen the super capacitor. The electric model of the super capacitor mainly comprises an RC series model, a classical equivalent circuit model, a ladder circuit model, a three-branch equivalent circuit model and the like. However, each model has its disadvantages: the RC series model and the classical equivalent circuit model can roughly describe the characteristics of the super capacitor, but cannot reflect the self-discharge characteristics of the super capacitor, while the RC series model, the classical equivalent circuit model and the ladder circuit model cannot reflect the dynamic performance of the super capacitor, and the three-branch equivalent circuit model can develop the dynamic performance of the super capacitor and also can realize the model accuracy, but is difficult in parameter identification and needs complex operation.
Regardless of the electrical model, it is necessary to calculate each parameter from a voltage value and a current value. The energy storage type super capacitor screening method provided by the invention abandons the idea of adopting an electric appliance model, identifying and calculating each parameter and selecting the super capacitor with each parameter close to each other. In the technical scheme of the invention, the current I (t) of the super capacitor is kept unchanged, so that the change of the voltage U (t) of the super capacitor is only related to the dynamic capacitance value and the internal resistance of the super capacitor. The method for directly comparing the voltage values is used for screening the super capacitors with high consistency, and the complicated calculation process is simplified.
Secondly, the traditional screening method only considers the consistency of the static performances of all super capacitors at normal temperature, and does not take temperature factors and voltage conditions into consideration. According to the invention, constant current circulating charge-discharge tests are respectively carried out on the super capacitor under the states of normal temperature, high temperature and low temperature, the super capacitor screened out by using the voltage average value at any moment in the constant current circulating charge-discharge tests considers the dual effects of temperature and dynamic performance, namely, the screened super capacitor still has high dynamic consistency under the conditions of different voltages and different temperatures.
In one embodiment, the step of S5 is included before the step of S1,
the step S5 is a normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test, which comprises the following steps: s501: carrying out a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor at normal temperature and normal pressure, and sampling a voltage value, a current value and a temperature value of the super capacitor; s502: calculating and counting a first monomer electrostatic capacity average value and a first monomer internal resistance average value of each super capacitor, calculating and counting a first total electrostatic capacity average value, a first total electrostatic capacity variance, a first total internal resistance average value and a first total internal resistance variance of all the super capacitors, and selecting the super capacitors of which the first monomer electrostatic capacity average value does not exceed a first electrostatic capacity threshold value and the first monomer internal resistance average value does not exceed a first internal resistance threshold value; the first electrostatic capacity threshold value is determined by calculation according to the first monomer electrostatic capacity average value, the first total electrostatic capacity average value and the first total electrostatic capacity variance; the first internal resistance threshold value is determined by calculation according to the first monomer internal resistance average value, the first total internal resistance average value and the first total internal resistance variance; accordingly, the super capacitor in the step S1 is the super capacitor selected in the step S5.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: and carrying out a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor at normal temperature and normal pressure. Firstly, calculating the electrostatic capacity Cx and the internal resistance Rx of each super capacitor in each charge-discharge cycle through current and voltage data acquired in the constant current discharge process;
secondly, the average value of the electrostatic capacity of the first monomer of each super capacitor is obtained
And the average value of the internal resistance of the first monomer
Counting the average value of the first total electrostatic capacity of all the super capacitors again
First total electrostatic capacity variance σC1 2First total internal resistance average value
And a first total internal resistance variance σR1 2(ii) a And finally, selecting the super capacitor which simultaneously satisfies the formulas (3) and (4). T isC1A first electrostatic capacity threshold; t isR2Is the first internal resistance threshold.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the super capacitors screened in the steps S1-S5 have high consistency of dynamic performance and high consistency in a static state.
In one embodiment, the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test conditions in the step S1 are as follows: the test temperature is changed according to the sequence of normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature, and the change rate of the temperature is not more than 1 ℃/min; the high temperature is 60 ℃, the normal temperature is 20 ℃, and the low temperature is-20 ℃; test pressure under vacuum condition is not more than 1 x 10- 3pa。
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: the practical working environment of the aerospace power supply is simulated through temperature circulation, and meanwhile, the temperature difference between the super capacitors is caused by the fact that the temperature changes too fast in a temperature change rate limiting mode.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the working environment of the aerospace power supply system has the following characteristics: compared with the traditional vacuum leakage test, low-temperature characteristic test and high-temperature characteristic test, the energy storage type super capacitor screening method adopted by the invention is more close to the actual working environment and working mode of the space power supply.
In one embodiment, in the step S1, the performing a constant current cycle charge and discharge test on the super capacitor under a temperature cycle of "normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature" includes: performing a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor in the process of temperature change of 'normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature'; and after the test temperature change is finished every time, the super capacitor is placed for a first standing time, and then a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test is started.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step S1, the performing a constant current cycle charge-discharge test on the super capacitor under a temperature cycle of "normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature" includes: performing a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor in the process of temperature change of 'normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature'; and after the test temperature change is finished every time, the super capacitor is placed for a first standing time, and then a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test is started.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: performing a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor in the process of temperature change of 'normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature'; the dynamic characteristics of the supercapacitor can be detected as the temperature changes. And after the test temperature change is finished every time, the super capacitors are placed for a first standing time, and after the temperatures of all the super capacitors are consistent, a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test is started.
In one embodiment, the super capacitor is subjected to a constant current cycle charge and discharge test during the temperature change of 'normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature'; the dynamic characteristics of the super capacitor can be detected along with the temperature change, and the super capacitor with poor dynamic consistency can be screened out according to the voltage value. Through placing for super capacitor has unanimous temperature, makes the test result more accurate.
The sampling of the voltage value, the current value and the temperature value of each super capacitor in the whole process in the step S1 includes:
connecting the super capacitors in series to form a temporary super capacitor bank;
and simultaneously, respectively carrying out the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on a plurality of groups of temporary super capacitor groups, and collecting the voltage value, the current value and the temperature value of each super capacitor.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: and connecting the super capacitors in series to form a temporary super capacitor bank, and simultaneously performing the vacuum variable-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test on a plurality of groups of temporary super capacitor banks respectively. The single chip microcomputer regulates and controls the power supply module and the constant-current electronic load module, and meanwhile, the temporary super capacitor groups are charged and discharged at constant current, and the super capacitors in the same group are connected in series, so that the charging and discharging currents of the super capacitors are consistent, and the charging and discharging time is kept consistent.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: and connecting the super capacitors in series to form a temporary super capacitor bank, and simultaneously performing the vacuum variable-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test on a plurality of groups of temporary super capacitor banks respectively, so that the test on a batch of super capacitors is possible. The method has the advantages that a vacuum temperature-changing constant-current circulating charge-discharge test is carried out once, the number of steps is large, the consumed time is long, and if a batch of super capacitors cannot be screened, a large amount of time is wasted in the repeated test.
In one embodiment, further comprising S6: placing the super capacitor passing the step S4 for a second standing time at normal temperature and normal pressure, and performing a normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test;
the normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge and discharge test comprises the following steps:
s601, carrying out a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor at normal temperature and normal pressure, and sampling a voltage value, a current value and a temperature value of the super capacitor;
s602, calculating and counting the average value of the electrostatic capacity of the second monomer of each super capacitor through a constant current power generation method
And average value of internal resistance of second monomer
Calculating and counting the average value of the second total electrostatic capacity of all the super capacitors
Second total electrostatic capacity variance σC2 2Second average total internal resistance
And a second variance σ of the total internal resistanceR2 2Selecting the average value of the electrostatic capacities of the second monomers not to exceed the second electrostatic capacity thresholdThe value and the average value of the second monomer internal resistance do not exceed the super capacitor of the second internal resistance threshold; the second electrostatic capacity threshold value is determined by calculation according to the second monomer electrostatic capacity average value, the second overall electrostatic capacity average value and the second overall electrostatic capacity variance; and the second internal resistance threshold value is determined by calculation according to the second single internal resistance average value, the second overall internal resistance average value and the second overall internal resistance variance.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: and (3) placing the super capacitor subjected to the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test for a period of time, and carrying out a normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test after the electrochemical performance of the super capacitor is stable, wherein the specific test process and the calculation method are the same as the step S5.
And carrying out a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor at normal temperature and normal pressure. Firstly, calculating the electrostatic capacity C of each super capacitor in each charge-discharge cycle in the constant current cycle charge-discharge test2xInternal resistance R2x(ii) a Secondly, solving the average value of the electrostatic capacity of the second monomer of each super capacitor in the constant current cycle charge-discharge test
And average value of internal resistance of second monomer
Counting again the average value of the second total electrostatic capacity of all the super capacitors
Second total electrostatic capacity variance σC2 2Second average total internal resistance
And a second variance σ of the total internal resistanceR2 2(ii) a And finally, selecting the super capacitors meeting the formulas (5) and (6) simultaneously. T isC2A second electrostatic capacity threshold; t isR2Is the second internal resistance threshold.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: and (3) placing the super capacitor subjected to the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test for a period of time, and carrying out a normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test after the electrochemical performance of the super capacitor is stable. In the steps S1-S4, the super capacitor is influenced by extreme temperatures such as high and low temperatures, and the super capacitor with abnormal changes of electrostatic capacity and internal resistance is eliminated.
In one embodiment of the present invention,
further comprising a step of S7, the step of S7 being after the step of S6;
s7: calculating and determining a monomer electrostatic capacity change value, a total electrostatic capacity average change value and a total electrostatic capacity change value variance according to the first monomer electrostatic capacity average value and the second monomer electrostatic capacity average value of each super capacitor; calculating and determining a monomer internal resistance change value, a total internal resistance average change value and a total internal resistance change value variance according to the first monomer internal resistance average value and the second monomer internal resistance average value; determining the total electrostatic capacity attenuation and the monomer internal resistance change value according to the monomer electrostatic capacity change value and the monomer internal resistance change value;
and selecting the super capacitor with the monomer electrostatic capacity change value not greater than the electrostatic capacity change threshold and the monomer internal resistance change value not greater than the internal resistance change threshold.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: the standard of the service life of the super capacitor is that the electrostatic capacity is reduced by 20 percent or the equivalent series resistance (internal resistance) is doubled;
the aging rate of the super capacitor is
In the formula, k is the aging rate, and V, I and T are respectively the voltage, the current and the temperature of the super capacitor; v0、I0And T0Respectively setting rated voltage, rated current and rated temperature of the super capacitor; tb and te are respectively the start time and the end time of the constant current cycle charge-discharge test.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the overcurrent of each super capacitor is the same in the experimental process, and the temperature and the voltage are related to the characteristics of the super capacitor. During the charging process, the super capacitor with lower capacitance will reach higher voltage, the super capacitor with larger internal resistance will have higher temperature, and the higher voltage and temperature will accelerate the aging of the super capacitor, i.e. the electrostatic capacity of the super capacitor decreases and the internal resistance increases, thereby leading to the self-acceleration effect. The stage capacitor, which ages faster at the beginning of the lifetime, will age at a faster rate over the life cycle. In the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test in the step S1, when the super capacitor is subjected to multiple constant-current cyclic charge-discharge tests at high temperature, the performance of the super capacitor will be attenuated, i.e., the electrostatic capacity is reduced and the internal resistance is increased. In the life cycle of the super capacitor, the aging rate of the super capacitor is faster and faster due to the self-acceleration effect, so that the super capacitor with the attenuation value close to that of the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test in the step S1 is selected, and the performance of the super capacitor is consistent and the aging degree is close to that of the super capacitor in the life cycle.
Therefore, the super capacitor screening method in the invention is based on the average value of the electrostatic capacity of the first monomer of each super capacitor
And average value of electrostatic capacity of second monomer
Calculating to determine the change value delta Cx of the monomer electrostatic capacity and the average change value of the overall electrostatic capacity
And variance σ of total electrostatic capacity variation valueΔc 2(ii) a According to the firstAverage value of internal resistance of monomer
Average internal resistance of the second monomer
Value calculation to determine the monomer internal resistance variation value
Mean change value of total internal resistance and variance sigma of change value of total internal resistanceΔR 2(ii) a And selecting the super capacitors meeting the formulas (8) and (9) simultaneously.
In the formula, TΔCAs a threshold value of change in electrostatic capacity, TΔRIs an internal resistance change threshold.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: by screening the super capacitor by using the electrostatic capacity change threshold and the internal resistance change threshold, the super capacitor has high consistency at different temperatures and also has high consistency in the whole life cycle, so that the negative influence caused by the self-acceleration effect is avoided as much as possible, and the service life of the energy storage type super capacitor bank applied to the aerospace power supply is prolonged.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of S8, wherein the step of S8 is after the step of S7;
s8: voltage holding test: and after the super capacitor is charged to the rated voltage by constant current, keeping the constant current for a second holding time, opening the circuit and placing for 24 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure, and selecting the voltage change value before and after the open circuit placement, wherein the voltage change value is not greater than the super capacitor with the voltage change threshold value. The voltage change threshold is determined according to the monomer voltage change value, the overall voltage change value and the overall voltage change value variance.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: in a cyclic charge-discharge test, the electrochemical property of the super capacitor is mainly related to the electrostatic capacity and the internal resistance value; and in the voltage holding test, super capacitors with similar equivalent parallel resistance values are screened out.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: when the super capacitor is actually used, the super capacitor still has similar voltage after being placed for a period of time, the situations of overcharge, overdischarge and the like are avoided, and the service life of the super capacitor is prolonged.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of S9, wherein the step of S9 is after the step of S8;
s6: physical property test: measuring the size and mass of the super capacitor; and checking whether the shell of the super capacitor has deformation or electrolyte traces, and screening out the super capacitor with the shell deformation or the electrolyte traces.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: and the height and the diameter of the super capacitor are measured by using a vernier caliper, and the mass of the super capacitor is measured by using an electronic scale. And under the condition of good light, the appearance of the super capacitor, whether the shell has deformation and cracks or not and whether the liquid leakage phenomenon exists or not are checked by adopting a visual inspection method.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: in the step S1, the super capacitor is subjected to a vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test, and the super capacitor is tested under the condition close to the actual use condition of the space power supply, and at this time, whether a liquid leakage phenomenon occurs should be checked.
In one embodiment, the constant-current cycle charge and discharge process in the vacuum variable-temperature constant-current cycle charge and discharge test and the normal-temperature constant-current cycle charge and discharge test includes:
charging the super capacitor to a first rated voltage at a first constant current;
after the rated voltage is maintained for a first maintaining time, the super capacitor discharges to a second constant voltage at a first constant current and then stops discharging;
and standing for a first retention time after the discharging is stopped, and performing next charging and discharging circulation on the super capacitor.
The above techniqueThe working principle of the scheme is as follows: the first constant current can be selected from 100mA/F and 0.4C UROr 40C (U)R-Umin) 3600, also can be determined according to the design load of an aerospace power supply; u shapeRRated voltage of super capacitor, UminIs a second constant voltage.
The second constant voltage is the lowest working voltage or 0-0.5UR。
The first holding time may be 0 to 30 min.
It should be noted that the overall flow of the scheme is as shown in fig. 2, firstly, a normal temperature constant current circulation charge-discharge test is carried out, a super capacitor meeting the requirement is screened out according to the consistency of electrostatic capacity and internal resistance, then, a vacuum temperature change constant current circulation charge-discharge test is carried out on the screened super capacitor, screening is carried out according to the voltage consistency, a super capacitor meeting the requirement is screened out, then, a normal temperature constant current circulation charge-discharge test is carried out again, consistency screening is carried out according to the electrostatic capacity and the internal resistance, then, the super capacitor is screened according to the consistency of electrostatic capacity and internal resistance attenuation before and after the vacuum temperature change very smooth circulation charge-discharge test, finally, a voltage holding test is carried out again, the super capacitor is screened according to the voltage change value, and no matter the super capacitor is tested, the qualified super capacitor is screened out to meet the screening standard of the power supply under the aerospace condition, and improving the consistency parameters of the screened super capacitors.
The circuit diagram of the constant-current cyclic charge and discharge test can adopt the circuit diagram shown in fig. 3, and the constant-current cyclic charge and discharge test is carried out through the circuit diagram.
In addition, in the constant current cycle charge and discharge test, the voltage changes as shown in fig. 4, when one cycle starts, the voltage is in a rising trend in the process that the super capacitor is charged to the rated voltage by the first constant current, when the super capacitor is kept for a certain time in the rated voltage stage, the voltage is in a stable state, the voltage reaches the rated voltage, the voltage mutation process between the voltage and the stable state is caused by the change of the internal resistance, then the super capacitor stops discharging after discharging to the second constant voltage by the first constant current, the voltage is in a falling trend, the voltage is in a stable state in the process of standing for a period after stopping discharging, then the next charge and discharge cycle is executed, and the voltage change trend is presented according to the change trend. In addition, the inflection point positions of two adjacent stages have voltage jump phenomena, and the voltage jump phenomena are caused by the change of internal resistance.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the charging and discharging current and the discharging depth of the super capacitor can be selected according to the specific situation of the super capacitor, when a large current is selected, the aging degree of the super capacitor in the step S1 is large, and the super capacitors with consistent theoretical life can be better screened.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An energy storage type super capacitor screening method applied to an aerospace power supply is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test: carrying out constant-current cyclic charge-discharge tests on the super capacitors under the temperature cycle of normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature, and sampling the voltage value, the current value and the temperature value of each super capacitor in the whole process;
s2: respectively counting the average value of the voltage of the first monomer at any moment in the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current circulating charge-discharge test of each super capacitor under different temperature conditions;
s3: counting a first total voltage average value and a first total variance of all super capacitors at any moment in a vacuum variable-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test under different temperature conditions;
s4: selecting the super capacitor of which the average value of the voltage of the first monomer does not exceed a first voltage threshold at any moment in the charge-discharge cycle under different temperature conditions; the first voltage threshold is determined by calculation according to the first cell voltage average value, the first overall voltage average value and the first overall variance.
2. The method for screening the energy storage type super capacitor applied to the aerospace power supply as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises a step S5 before the step S1,
the step S5 is a normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test, which comprises the following steps:
s501: carrying out a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor at normal temperature and normal pressure, and sampling a voltage value, a current value and a temperature value of the super capacitor;
s502: calculating and counting a first monomer electrostatic capacity average value and a first monomer internal resistance average value of each super capacitor, calculating and counting a first total electrostatic capacity average value, a first total electrostatic capacity variance, a first total internal resistance average value and a first total internal resistance variance of all the super capacitors, and selecting the super capacitors of which the first monomer electrostatic capacity average value does not exceed a first electrostatic capacity threshold value and the first monomer internal resistance average value does not exceed a first internal resistance threshold value; the first electrostatic capacity threshold value is determined by calculation according to the first monomer electrostatic capacity average value, the first total electrostatic capacity average value and the first total electrostatic capacity variance; the first internal resistance threshold value is determined by calculation according to the first monomer internal resistance average value, the first total internal resistance average value and the first total internal resistance variance;
correspondingly, the super capacitor in the step S1 is the super capacitor selected in the step S502.
3. The method for screening the energy storage type super capacitor applied to the aerospace power supply according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test conditions in the step S1 are as follows: the test temperature is changed according to the sequence of normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature, and the change rate of the test temperature is not more than 1 ℃/min; the high temperature is 60 ℃, the normal temperature is 20 ℃, and the low temperature is-20 ℃; test pressure under vacuum condition is not more than 1 x 10-3pa。
4. The method for screening the energy storage type super capacitor applied to the aerospace power supply according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes performing a constant current cycle charge and discharge test on the super capacitor under a temperature cycle of "normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature", including:
performing a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor in the process of temperature change of 'normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-low temperature-normal temperature';
and after the test temperature change is finished every time, the super capacitor is placed for a first standing time, and then a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test is started.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 of sampling the voltage value, the current value and the temperature value of each super capacitor in the whole process includes:
connecting the super capacitors in series to form a temporary super capacitor bank;
and simultaneously, respectively carrying out the vacuum temperature-changing constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on a plurality of groups of temporary super capacitor groups, and collecting the voltage value, the current value and the temperature value of each super capacitor.
6. The method for screening the energy storage type super capacitor applied to the aerospace power supply, as recited in claim 2, further comprising:
s6: placing the super capacitor passing the step S4 for a second standing time at normal temperature and normal pressure, and performing a normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge-discharge test;
the normal-temperature constant-current cyclic charge and discharge test comprises the following steps:
s601, carrying out a constant-current circulating charge-discharge test on the super capacitor at normal temperature and normal pressure, and sampling a voltage value, a current value and a temperature value of the super capacitor;
s602, calculating and counting a second monomer electrostatic capacity average value and a second monomer internal resistance average value of each super capacitor, calculating and counting a second overall electrostatic capacity average value, a second overall electrostatic capacity variance, a second overall internal resistance average value and a second overall internal resistance variance of all the super capacitors, and selecting the super capacitors of which the second monomer electrostatic capacity average value does not exceed a second electrostatic capacity threshold value and the second monomer internal resistance average value does not exceed the second internal resistance threshold value; the second electrostatic capacity threshold value is determined by calculation according to the second monomer electrostatic capacity average value, the second overall electrostatic capacity average value and the second overall electrostatic capacity variance; and the second internal resistance threshold value is determined by calculation according to the second single internal resistance average value, the second overall internal resistance average value and the second overall internal resistance variance.
7. The method for screening the energy storage type super capacitor applied to the aerospace power supply, as claimed in claim 6, further comprising the step of S7, wherein the step of S7 is after the step of S6;
s7: calculating and determining a monomer electrostatic capacity change value, a total electrostatic capacity average change value and a total electrostatic capacity change value variance according to the first monomer electrostatic capacity average value and the second monomer electrostatic capacity average value of each super capacitor; calculating and determining a monomer internal resistance change value, a total internal resistance average change value and a total internal resistance change value variance according to the first monomer internal resistance average value and the second monomer internal resistance average value; determining the total electrostatic capacity attenuation and the monomer internal resistance change value according to the monomer electrostatic capacity change value and the monomer internal resistance change value;
and selecting the super capacitor with the monomer electrostatic capacity change value not greater than the electrostatic capacity change threshold and the monomer internal resistance change value not greater than the internal resistance change threshold.
8. The method for screening the energy storage type super capacitor applied to the aerospace power supply, as claimed in claim 7, further comprising the step of S8, wherein the step of S8 is after the step of S7;
s8: voltage holding test: after the super capacitor is charged to a rated voltage by constant current, keeping for a second holding time, opening the circuit and placing for 24 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure, calculating a monomer voltage change value, a total voltage change value and a total voltage change value variance before and after the open circuit is placed, and selecting the super capacitor of which the voltage change value is not more than a voltage change threshold value; the voltage change threshold is determined according to the monomer voltage change value, the overall voltage change value and the overall voltage change value variance.
9. The method for screening the energy storage type super capacitor applied to the aerospace power supply, as claimed in claim 8, further comprising the step of S9, wherein the step of S9 is after the step of S8;
s6: physical property test: measuring the size and mass of the super capacitor; and checking whether the shell of the super capacitor has deformation or electrolyte traces, and screening out the super capacitor with the shell deformation or the electrolyte traces.
10. The method for screening the energy storage type super capacitor applied to the aerospace power supply, according to claim 2, wherein the constant current cycle charge and discharge process in the vacuum temperature-varying constant current cycle charge and discharge test and the normal temperature constant current cycle charge and discharge test comprises:
charging the super capacitor to a first rated voltage at a first constant current;
after the rated voltage is maintained for a first maintaining time, the super capacitor discharges to a second constant voltage at a first constant current and then stops discharging;
and standing for a first retention time after the discharging is stopped, and performing next charging and discharging circulation on the super capacitor.
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