CN111323708A - Analysis method for service life attenuation of power battery system - Google Patents
Analysis method for service life attenuation of power battery system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111323708A CN111323708A CN202010301078.2A CN202010301078A CN111323708A CN 111323708 A CN111323708 A CN 111323708A CN 202010301078 A CN202010301078 A CN 202010301078A CN 111323708 A CN111323708 A CN 111323708A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
Abstract
The invention provides an analysis method for service life attenuation of a power battery system, and relates to the technical field of power batteries. The analysis method comprises the steps that the battery management system records the discharge capacity of each single battery when the single battery discharges to the preset capacity, the power battery is placed for the preset time to obtain the voltage value of each single battery, a capacity-open circuit voltage curve is searched according to the voltage value of each single battery to obtain the residual capacity of each single battery, the total capacity of each single battery is calculated according to the residual capacity of each single battery and the discharge capacity, and the health degree of each single battery is calculated according to the total capacity of each single battery. The scheme of the invention can effectively improve the accuracy of the service life attenuation test of the power battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power batteries, in particular to an analysis method for service life attenuation of a power battery system.
Background
The power battery is a key component of the new energy automobile and is a key cost component of the pure electric vehicle. The service life of the power battery directly influences the use cost of a user and the performance of the whole vehicle. Lithium iron phosphate batteries are widely used in new energy vehicles due to their high safety, long cycle life and low cost.
The power battery system is composed of hundreds of power battery monomers in a series-parallel connection mode, the conditions that the power batteries show inconsistent capacity in the actual use process can be caused by the material consistency of the single batteries in the production process, the processing process consistency, the battery management consistency in the later use process and the environment consistency, and therefore the power battery system is maintained and the power battery monomers with the fast capacity attenuation are identified after the power battery system needs to be operated for a period of mileage or time.
The capacity attenuation of the power battery system during the use process is partly caused by the capacity attenuation of the monomer, and is partly caused by the self-discharge of the monomer, and the capacity attenuation is not true.
Since the capacity of the power battery is attenuated and a state of charge-open circuit voltage (SOC-OCV) curve of a new battery is changed, the calibration of the remaining capacity of the power battery by using the curve is not accurate.
The conventional residual capacity test modes of the power battery on the market at present generally include the following modes: the method comprises the steps of fully charging the power battery, then discharging, and determining the proportion of battery attenuation according to the ratio of the total discharge electric quantity to the initial capacity, but the method integrates the inconsistent comprehensive results of attenuation and self-discharge, and cannot represent the real capacity loss of the battery. The second method is that the power battery is charged or discharged fully, then the capacity of each battery cell is further charged or discharged in a low-current mode, the influence of self-discharge factors on the total capacity of the battery system is eliminated, and then the capacity of the battery is calibrated in a fully discharged or fully charged mode. Although the effect of self-discharge factors can be eliminated, the required testing time is too long. And the third method is that the battery is fully charged firstly by adopting the charging mode of the second method, then the battery is discharged to be below 30 percent, the residual SOC of the battery is calibrated through an SOC-OCV curve, and the health degree (SOH) of the battery is evaluated through the residual SOC and the discharged SOC. Although this method is shorter than the second method, the SOC-OCV curve of the new and old batteries changes, and therefore the result of calibration has a relatively large error.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an analysis method for service life attenuation of a power battery with accurate calibration results.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of analyzing power cell life decay that decreases with time.
In particular, the invention provides an analysis method for the life decay of a power battery system, wherein the power battery system comprises a battery management system and the power battery consisting of a plurality of single batteries, and the analysis method comprises the following steps:
the battery management system records the discharge capacity of each single battery when the single battery discharges to the preset capacity;
standing the power battery for a preset time, and then obtaining a voltage value of each single battery;
searching a capacity-open circuit voltage curve according to the voltage value of each single battery to obtain the residual capacity of each single battery;
calculating the total capacity of each single battery according to the residual capacity and the discharge capacity of each single battery;
calculating the health degree of each single battery according to the total capacity of each single battery;
wherein the capacity-open circuit voltage curve is obtained according to the following steps:
discharging the power battery monomer for the test, and recording the voltage according to the following steps:
between a full-charge state and a first preset capacity of the single power battery for the test and between a second preset capacity and a complete discharge state, standing the single power battery for a preset time after every third preset capacity of electric quantity is discharged, and recording the voltage of the single end of the single power battery for the test;
between the second preset capacity and the first preset capacity of the single power battery for the test, after every discharge of electric quantity of a fourth preset capacity, standing the single power battery for the test for the preset time, and recording the voltage of the single power battery for the test;
drawing the capacity-open circuit voltage curve according to different voltages corresponding to different capacities;
the first preset capacity is larger than the second preset capacity, and the fourth preset capacity is larger than the third preset capacity.
Optionally, before the battery management system records the discharge capacity of each of the single batteries when the single battery is discharged to the preset capacity, the method further includes:
charging the power battery at a preset temperature until the battery management system indicates that the power battery is fully charged;
and discharging the power battery to a preset capacity.
Optionally, before the power battery for testing is discharged, the method further includes:
and charging the power battery for the test at a preset temperature until the battery management system indicates that the power battery is fully charged.
Optionally, before discharging the power battery to a preset capacity, the method further includes:
and charging each single battery by adopting a first preset current so as to fully charge each single battery.
Optionally, the calculating the total capacity of each of the single batteries according to the remaining capacity and the discharge capacity of each of the single batteries includes:
the total capacity of each of the single batteries is equal to the remaining capacity of each of the single batteries plus the discharge capacity.
Optionally, the calculating the health degree of each of the single batteries according to the total capacity of each of the single batteries includes:
and taking the quotient of the total capacity of each single battery and the initial capacity of each single battery as the health degree of each single battery.
Optionally, the power battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery.
Optionally, the first preset capacity is 90% -100% of the initial capacity; or
The second preset capacity is 0% -40% of the initial capacity; or
The third preset capacity is 0.05% -2% of the initial capacity; or
The fourth preset capacity is 3% -10% of the initial capacity.
Optionally, the preset capacity is 30% -40% of the total electric quantity of the full-charge state of the single battery.
Optionally, the preset time is 2-6 h.
According to the scheme of the invention, due to the inherent characteristics of the power battery, the capacity-open circuit voltage curve of the new power battery and the old power battery does not change like the SOC-OCV curve in the prior art, so that the capacity-open circuit voltage curve is selected to determine the corresponding residual capacity. When the health degree of the power battery is detected, the power battery is fully charged, then the power battery is discharged to a preset capacity, and then the terminal voltage of the power battery is utilized to search the corresponding residual capacity in the capacity-open circuit voltage curve, so that the health degree (service life attenuation degree) of the power battery is calculated. The scheme provided by the invention ensures that the calculated health degree (service life attenuation degree) of the power battery is high in accuracy because the capacity-open circuit voltage curve cannot change in the new power battery and the old power battery.
Furthermore, the scheme provided by the invention can detect the power battery only by discharging the power battery to the preset capacity without discharging all the electric quantity in the power battery, thereby saving the test time and improving the working efficiency of testers.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter, by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of an analysis method for power battery life decay of a power battery system, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of capacity versus open circuit voltage used in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block flow diagram of an analysis method for power battery life decay of a power battery system, according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of an analysis method for power battery life decay of a power battery system, according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an analysis method for life decay of a power battery system, wherein the power battery system comprises a battery management system and a power battery composed of a plurality of single batteries, and the analysis method comprises:
s10: and the battery management system records the discharge capacity of each single battery when the single battery is discharged to the preset capacity.
S20: and standing the power battery for a preset time to obtain the voltage value of each single battery.
S30: and searching a capacity-open circuit voltage curve according to the voltage value of each single battery to obtain the residual capacity of each single battery.
S40: and calculating the total capacity of each single battery according to the residual capacity and the discharge capacity of each single battery.
S50: and calculating the health degree of each single battery according to the total capacity of each single battery.
According to the method of the embodiment, due to the inherent characteristics of the power battery, the capacity-open circuit voltage curve of the new power battery and the old power battery does not change like the SOC-OCV curve in the prior art, so that the capacity-open circuit voltage curve is selected to determine the corresponding residual capacity. When the health degree of the power battery is detected, the power battery is fully charged, then the power battery is discharged to a preset capacity, and then the terminal voltage of the power battery is utilized to search the corresponding residual capacity in the capacity-open circuit voltage curve, so that the health degree (service life attenuation degree) of the power battery is calculated. The scheme provided by the embodiment ensures high accuracy of the health degree of the power battery because the capacity-open circuit voltage curve does not change in the new power battery and the old power battery.
Further, the scheme that this embodiment provided only needs to discharge power battery to predetermined capacity and can detect, need not all put all electric quantities in the power battery, therefore, saved test time, improved tester's work efficiency.
FIG. 2 is a graph of capacity versus open circuit voltage used in one embodiment of the present invention, the capacity versus open circuit voltage curve obtained according to the following steps:
discharging the power battery monomer for the test, and recording the voltage according to the following steps:
between a full-power state and a first preset capacity of the power battery monomer for the test and between a second preset capacity and a complete discharge state, standing the power battery monomer for the test for a preset time after every third preset capacity of electric quantity is discharged, and recording the voltage of the single end of the power battery for the test;
between the second preset capacity and the first preset capacity of the single power battery for the test, after every fourth preset capacity of electric quantity is discharged, standing the single power battery for the test for a preset time, and recording the voltage of the single power battery for the test;
and drawing a capacity-open circuit voltage curve according to different voltages corresponding to different capacities.
The first preset capacity is larger than the second preset capacity, and the fourth preset capacity is larger than the third preset capacity.
Preferably, an external discharging device can be used for discharging the power battery.
FIG. 3 is a block flow diagram of an analysis method for power battery life decay of a power battery system, according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, before the battery management system records the discharge capacity of each single battery when discharging to the preset capacity, the method further includes:
s01: and charging the power battery at a preset temperature until the battery management system indicates that the power battery is fully charged.
S02: and discharging the power battery to a preset capacity.
Optionally, before the power battery for testing is discharged, the method further comprises:
and charging the power battery monomer for the test to the battery management system at a preset temperature to indicate that the power battery monomer for the test is fully charged. In a preferred embodiment, after the battery management system displays that the battery is fully charged, the first preset current is continuously adopted to replenish the power of each single battery so as to ensure that each single battery reaches a full-charge state. Preferably, the first preset current is a small current of 0.1C.
Preferably, in one embodiment, the predetermined temperature is in the range of-15 ℃ to 55 ℃.
Optionally, before discharging the power battery to the preset capacity, the method further includes:
and charging each single battery by adopting a first preset current so as to fully charge each single battery. In a preferred embodiment, the first predetermined current is a small current of 0.1C.
Optionally, calculating the total capacity of each unit cell according to the remaining capacity and the discharge capacity of each unit cell includes:
the total capacity of each unit cell is equal to the remaining capacity of each unit cell plus the discharge capacity. And in the discharging process of the power battery, the battery management system records the discharging capacity of each single battery.
Optionally, calculating the health degree of each unit cell according to the total capacity of each unit cell comprises:
and taking the quotient of the total capacity of each single battery and the initial capacity of each single battery as the health degree of each single battery.
Optionally, the power battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery.
Optionally, the first preset capacity is 90% -100% of the initial capacity. In some embodiments, the first preset capacity is 90% or 95% or 100% of the initial capacity, and in a preferred embodiment, the first preset capacity is 90% of the initial capacity.
The second preset capacity is 0% -40% of the initial capacity. In some embodiments, the second preset capacity is 0% or 30% or 35% of the initial capacity, and in a preferred embodiment, the second preset capacity is 40% of the initial capacity.
The third preset capacity is 0.05% -2% of the initial capacity. In some embodiments, the third preset capacity is 0.05% or 1.5% or 2% of the initial capacity, and in a preferred embodiment, the third preset capacity is 1% of the initial capacity.
The fourth preset capacity is 3% -10% of the initial capacity. In some embodiments, the fourth preset capacity is 3% or 6% or 10% of the initial capacity, and in a preferred embodiment, the fourth preset capacity is 5% of the initial capacity.
Optionally, the preset capacity is 30% -40% of the total electric quantity of the full-charge state of the single battery. In some embodiments, the preset capacity is 30% or 40% of the total charge of the full-charged state of the single battery, and in a preferred embodiment, the preset capacity is 35% of the total charge of the full-charged state of the single battery.
In particular, the initial capacity is the capacity of the power battery when the power battery is not used and is not self-discharged.
Optionally, the preset time is 2-6 h. In some embodiments, the preset time is 2h or 4h or 6h, and in a preferred embodiment, the preset time is 3 h.
The method provided by the invention is adopted to detect the service life attenuation degree of a 90Ah lithium iron phosphate battery:
1. after the power battery is fully charged, each single battery is supplemented to 3.65V by adopting 0.1C low current, and each single battery is ensured to be in a full-charge state.
2. The power battery is discharged by adopting a charging and discharging cabinet or an actual vehicle, the residual capacity is indicated to be below 35% by the battery management system when the power battery is discharged, and meanwhile, the battery management system records that the discharge capacity of the power battery is 58.5 Ah.
3. After the power battery is left for 3 hours, the voltage of all the single batteries is read, and the following table 1 shows the highest and lowest voltage of all the single batteries, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Maximum voltage | Lowest voltage |
| 3.282V | 3.249V |
4. The capacity-open circuit voltage curves are respectively searched according to the voltages of the single batteries to obtain the residual capacities of the single batteries corresponding to the corresponding voltages, and table 2 shows the residual capacities corresponding to the corresponding voltages obtained by searching the capacity-open circuit voltage curves, as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Voltage of | Capacity of |
| 3.282V | 27.2Ah |
| 3.249V | 18Ah |
5. The remaining capacity of the cell is added to the discharged capacity recorded by the battery management system to obtain the total capacity of each cell, and the health degree is the total capacity/initial capacity. Table 3 shows the health of the single cells corresponding to the highest voltage and the lowest voltage, as shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
| Voltage of | Total capacity | SOH |
| 3.282V | 85.7Ah | 95.2％ |
| 3.249V | 76.5 |
85％ |
As shown in table 3, the state of health (SOH) of the unit cell corresponding to the highest voltage among the power cells was 95.2%, and the SOH of the unit cell corresponding to the lowest voltage among the power cells was 85%.
Thus, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (10)
1. An analysis method for the life decay of a power battery system, wherein the power battery system comprises a battery management system and the power battery consisting of a plurality of single batteries, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the battery management system records the discharge capacity of each single battery when the single battery discharges to the preset capacity;
standing the power battery for a preset time, and then obtaining a voltage value of each single battery;
searching a capacity-open circuit voltage curve according to the voltage value of each single battery to obtain the residual capacity of each single battery;
calculating the total capacity of each single battery according to the residual capacity and the discharge capacity of each single battery;
and calculating the health degree of each single battery according to the total capacity of each single battery.
2. The analytical method of claim 1, wherein the capacity-open circuit voltage curve is obtained according to the following steps:
charging the power battery monomer for the test at a preset temperature until the battery management system indicates that the power battery monomer for the test is fully charged;
discharging the power battery monomer for the test, and recording the voltage according to the following steps:
between a full-charge state and a first preset capacity of the single power battery for the test and between a second preset capacity and a complete discharge state, standing the single power battery for a preset time after every third preset capacity of electric quantity is discharged, and recording the voltage of the single end of the single power battery for the test;
between the second preset capacity and the first preset capacity of the single power battery for the test, after every discharge of electric quantity of a fourth preset capacity, standing the single power battery for the test for the preset time, and recording the voltage of the single power battery for the test;
drawing the capacity-open circuit voltage curve according to different voltages corresponding to different capacities;
the first preset capacity is larger than the second preset capacity, and the fourth preset capacity is larger than the third preset capacity.
3. The analysis method according to claim 1, further comprising, before the battery management system records the discharge capacity of each of the unit batteries when discharged to the preset capacity:
charging the power battery at a preset temperature until the battery management system indicates that the power battery is fully charged;
and discharging the power battery to a preset capacity.
4. The analysis method according to claim 3, wherein after charging the power battery to the point where the battery management system indicates full charge at a preset temperature, further comprising:
and charging each single battery by adopting a first preset current so as to fully charge each single battery.
5. The analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating the total capacity of each of the unit cells from the remaining capacity and the discharge capacity of each of the unit cells includes:
the total capacity of each of the single batteries is equal to the remaining capacity of each of the single batteries plus the discharge capacity.
6. The analysis method according to claim 1, wherein calculating the health of each of the single cells according to the total capacity of each of the single cells comprises:
and taking the quotient of the total capacity of each single battery and the initial capacity of each single battery as the health degree of each single battery.
7. The assay of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the power cell is a lithium iron phosphate cell.
8. The analytical method of claim 7,
the first preset capacity is 90% -100% of the initial capacity; or
The second preset capacity is 0% -40% of the initial capacity; or
The third preset capacity is 0.05% -2% of the initial capacity; or
The fourth preset capacity is 3% -10% of the initial capacity.
9. The analysis method according to claim 8, wherein the preset capacity is 30-40% of the total capacity of the full-charge state of the single battery.
10. The assay of claim 1, wherein the predetermined time is 2-6 hours.
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