CN113713759A - Powder for reducing blockage of ammonium bisulfate in air preheater of coal-fired power station and preparation method of powder - Google Patents
Powder for reducing blockage of ammonium bisulfate in air preheater of coal-fired power station and preparation method of powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN113713759A CN113713759A CN202111077027.7A CN202111077027A CN113713759A CN 113713759 A CN113713759 A CN 113713759A CN 202111077027 A CN202111077027 A CN 202111077027A CN 113713759 A CN113713759 A CN 113713759A
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- B01J20/048—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing phosphorus, e.g. phosphates, apatites, hydroxyapatites
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- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
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- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
Abstract
The invention discloses powder for reducing ammonium bisulfate blockage of an air preheater of a coal-fired power station and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the steps of firstly weighing raw materials, mixing the raw materials according to a certain proportion and a certain feeding sequence, mixing the obtained mixed powder sample uniformly, mixing the diluted and atomized phosphoric acid liquid, continuously crushing the mixture to a certain fineness by an airflow powder machine, and uniformly mixing to obtain wet powder; and (3) measuring the temperature of the obtained wet powder by using an infrared temperature sensor through a microwave heating device, maintaining the temperature in the furnace to be 70-90 ℃, conveying the powder into and out of the furnace body through a belt type, and controlling the heating time to be not less than 15 min. And crushing and sieving to obtain target powder. The method has the characteristics of cheap and easily obtained raw materials, simple preparation process, easily controlled preparation conditions, less emission in the preparation process and the like, and the obtained powder can selectively adsorb ammonia and/or sulfur trioxide which are precursors of ammonium bisulfate, so that the problem of blockage of the air preheater can be solved from the source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to powder for reducing blockage of ammonium bisulfate in an air preheater of a coal-fired power station and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of energy conservation and environmental protection of boilers of the coal-fired power station.
Background
With the improvement of the environmental protection standard and the stricter environmental protection law enforcement in China, the pursuit of the ultra-high denitration rate of the coal-fired power plant often leads to the excessive use of the denitration reducing agent ammonia gas along with the implementation of the working scheme of comprehensively implementing the ultra-low emission and energy-saving modification of the coal-fired power plant, so that the problem of blockage of the air preheater of the coal-fired power plant is increasingly serious.
An air preheater (also referred to as an air preheater for short) is a preheating device for improving the heat exchange performance of a boiler and reducing heat loss. The air preheater has the function of conducting heat carried in flue gas exhausted from a flue at the tail part of the boiler to air before entering the boiler through the radiating fins so as to preheat the air to a certain temperature. The air preheater is mainly used for coal-fired power station boilers and can be divided into a pipe box type and a rotary type. The utility boiler more commonly adopts a heating surface rotary preheater. The principle of the air preheater is illustrated by taking a rotary air preheater as an example, when the air preheater works, the air preheater rotates slowly, smoke enters the smoke side of the air preheater and is then discharged, heat carried in the smoke is absorbed by cooling fins in the air preheater, then the air preheater rotates slowly, the cooling fins move to the air side, and then the heat is transferred to air before entering a boiler. The air preheater is used as important heat exchange equipment of a boiler, the operating condition of the air preheater directly influences the economical efficiency and safety of the boiler, most of the existing domestic boiler air preheaters have the problems of ash deposition and blockage in different degrees, and particularly, after the denitration device is put into operation, the blockage and corrosion of the air preheater are aggravated.
Removal of Nitrogen Oxides (NO) from boiler flue gas of coal-fired power plantx) Mainly adopts Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) denitration technology, and reacts excessive reducing agent NH after SCR chemical reaction is finished3Will neutralize sulfur trioxide (SO) in the air preheater3And Nitrogen Oxides (NO) to form ammonium bisulfate (NH)4HSO4). The fly ash contains Fe2O3Component (b) to SO in boiler3Has a certain promotion effect on the generation rate of (dynamic engineering report, 2018,38(11):908 and 913).
The main reason for causing the blockage of the air preheater is that Ammonium Bisulfate (ABS) is condensed and bonded in the air preheater body, the melting point of the ammonium bisulfate is 147 ℃, and when the temperature of flue gas is as follows: in the range of 150-230 ℃, along with the reduction of the temperature of the flue gas, the ammonium bisulfate is converted from a gaseous liquid state to a solid state, and the ammonium bisulfate is a very viscous substance in a certain environment, so that the ammonium bisulfate is very easy to deposit on a heat exchange element in the middle of an air preheater. The harm caused is as follows: (1) the formed scale is difficult to remove, so that the air preheater is easy to block, the safe operation of equipment is influenced, the operation resistance of the air preheater is increased, and the energy consumption of the air preheater is increased; (2) the low-temperature corrosion of the air preheater is serious, and the air leakage rate of the air preheater is obviously increased. The air leakage of the air preheater is that the air sent to the air preheater by the air feeder directly leaks into the tail flue gas without combustion heat exchange of the hearth. Under the condition that the output of the induced draft fan is unchanged, the increase of air leakage inevitably causes the insufficient air quantity required by boiler combustion, and the existence of the air leakage reduces the effect of the air preheater, so that the temperature of primary air and secondary air is reduced, great influence is caused on the normal combustion of pulverized coal and the normal work of a pulverizing system, and the incomplete combustion loss of the pulverized coal is increased. Meanwhile, the intensity of radiation heat exchange in the hearth is greatly weakened, and the heat exchange efficiency of the boiler is reduced. The air which is not combusted directly enters the flue, the flow of the flue gas is increased, and the stability of the negative pressure of the boiler hearth is maintained. The output of the induced draft fan must be increased, thereby increasing the consumption of electric energy.
In the prior art, in the technical scheme related to the reduction of ammonium bisulfate blockage of an air preheater of a coal-fired power plant, the patent number CN204853539U discloses a system for removing ammonium bisulfate in an air preheater by utilizing hot air recirculation, and although the technology relates to the removal of the ammonium bisulfate in the air preheater, the technology cannot treat the blockage problem of the ammonium bisulfate in the air preheater from the source; patent No. CN208124351U discloses a rotary air preheater anti-blocking and blockage-clearing system, which relates to the problems of preventing the ash accumulation and the ammonia bisulfate deposition of a heat exchange element of an air preheater, but the technology can not treat the problem of ammonium bisulfate blockage of the air preheater from the source. The two technical schemes adopt measures in the aspect of the air preheater, the problem is solved by cleaning the ammonium bisulfate deposited on the air preheater, and the problem of blockage of the ammonium bisulfate in the air preheater is solved from the source by reducing the quantity of the ammonium bisulfate which is easy to deposit and reaches the air preheater.
CN204853539U and CN208124351U are used for reducing the ammonium bisulfate jam problem of air preheater respectively, and CN204853539U leads the ammonium bisulfate to be carried away from the heat transfer element along with hot air by continuously and intensively purging the cold end heat transfer element entering into a secondary air side junction area at the smoke side of the air preheater through high-temperature gas. The method belongs to a clearing idea after the ammonium bisulfate is deposited on the air preheater, and does not solve the problem of blockage of the ammonium bisulfate in the air preheater from the source.
CN208124351U is through setting up hot-blast injection apparatus, and hot-blast sweeping is carried out air preheater primary air storehouse cold junction heat transfer component, realizes sweeping the deposition and the ammonium bisulfate deposit of air preheater heat transfer component. Also belongs to the idea of removing ammonium bisulfate deposited on the air preheater, and does not solve the problem of blockage of the ammonium bisulfate in the air preheater from the source.
In order to solve the problem of blockage of ammonium bisulfate of an air preheater of a coal-fired power station, the invention provides powder for reducing blockage of the ammonium bisulfate of the air preheater of the coal-fired power station and a preparation method thereof. The system has the characteristics of simple process, low equipment cost, low price of used powder, low construction and operation cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the problem that the air preheater of the coal-fired power plant is blocked by ammonium bisulfate. The invention changes the conventional idea of treating after producing the ammonium bisulfate, and considers that if no or little ammonium bisulfate is produced before the air preheater, the problem of blockage of the coal-fired power plant caused by the ammonium bisulfate can be solved. The method for reducing the generation of the ammonium bisulfate from the source can consider to develop a compound powder which can selectively adsorb ammonia and/or sulfur trioxide serving as precursors of the ammonium bisulfate, and the compound powder which has adsorbed the ammonia and/or sulfur trioxide serving as the precursors of the ammonium bisulfate does not have the characteristics of the ammonium bisulfate and is not easy to deposit on an air preheater.
In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is powder for reducing blockage of ammonium bisulfate in an air preheater of a coal-fired power station, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
| raw materials | Mass percentNumber of |
| Diatomite | 0～12％ |
| Vermiculite | 0～10％ |
| Ca3(PO4)2 | 0.5～5％ |
| CuSO4 | 0～2％ |
| H3PO4 | 1～5％ |
| Fly ash | 70～95％ |
| Activated clay | 0～5％ |
Furthermore, in the compound powder, the optimal dosage range of the diatomite is 1-12%;
furthermore, in the compound powder, the optimal dosage range of the vermiculite powder is 1-3%;
furthermore, in the compound powder, a certain amount of dicalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate and the like are added in the material mixing process, and the amount of calcium phosphate is 0.5-5% by mass, and the optimal amount of calcium phosphate is 1.5-3% by mass;
further, in the compound powder, the copper-containing salt comprises copper chloride, copper acetate, copper sulfate and the like, wherein the copper sulfate is taken as an example, and the dosage range of the copper sulfate is 0-2%;
furthermore, in the compound powder, the optimal dosage range of phosphoric acid is 2-5%;
furthermore, in the compound powder, the dosage range of activated clay is 0-5%;
further, in the compound powder, the fly ash comprises SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、TiO2、K2O、Na2O, MgO, etc., wherein SiO is2+Al2O3The mass composition of (A) is between 85 and 92 percent, and Fe2O3The content is less than 3%.
A preparation method of powder for reducing blockage of ammonium bisulfate in an air preheater of a coal-fired power station comprises the following steps:
1) according to the requirements of the prepared dosage form, calculating the dosage, weighing diatomite, vermiculite, fly ash and Ca3(PO4)2、CuSO4Grinding or ball-milling and mixing uniformly in a container;
2) mixing the mixed powder sample obtained in the step 1), mixing with diluted and atomized phosphoric acid liquid, continuously crushing to a certain fineness (95% passes through a 40-mesh sieve) by using an airflow powder machine, and mixing uniformly to obtain wet powder.
3) And (3) measuring the temperature of the wet powder obtained in the step 2) by using an infrared temperature sensor through a microwave heating device, maintaining the temperature in the furnace at 70-90 ℃, conveying the powder into and out of the furnace body through a belt type, and controlling the heating time to be not less than 15 min.
4) And crushing and sieving to obtain target powder.
The mechanism of the compound powder for selectively adsorbing ammonia and/or sulfur trioxide serving as precursors of ammonium bisulfate is as follows: a liquid film is formed on the surface of the compound powder by water vapor in high-temperature smoke or air atmosphere; phosphate radical and/or copper ions in the compound powder are dissolved in the liquid film; dissolving ammonia gas as a precursor of ammonium bisulfate in a liquid film on the surface of the compound powder to generate ammonium ions, combining the ammonium ions with phosphate radicals in the liquid film to be deposited in the compound powder or with the phosphate radicals in the compound powder, and adsorbing the ammonia gas as the precursor of the ammonium bisulfate by the compound powder; the precursor sulfur trioxide of the ammonium bisulfate is dissolved in the liquid film on the surface of the compound powder to generate sulfate ions, the sulfate ions are combined with the copper ions in the liquid film and then deposited in the compound powder or combined with the copper ions in the compound powder, and then the precursor sulfur trioxide of the ammonium bisulfate is adsorbed by the compound powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
The invention provides powder for reducing blockage of ammonium bisulfate in an air preheater of a coal-fired power plant and a preparation method thereof, and the system sprays compound powder of precursor ammonia and/or sulfur trioxide capable of selectively adsorbing the ammonium bisulfate into a flue between an SCR denitration reactor and an air preheater; ammonia and/or sulfur trioxide which are precursors of ammonium bisulfate are absorbed by the compound powder, so that the generation of ammonium bisulfate is reduced; the compound powder of ammonia and/or sulfur trioxide which is the precursor of ammonium bisulfate and is adsorbed on the surface of the air preheater is not easy to deposit, so that the ammonium bisulfate which causes the blockage of the air preheater is removed from the source; in addition, the powder can promote the nucleation of the fine particle ash to form large particle ash, the large particle ash has larger kinetic energy and is difficult to deposit, and the deposition of ammonium bisulfate and/or ash on the heating surface of the air preheater is reduced. The system has the characteristics of simple process, low equipment cost, low price of used powder, low construction and operation cost and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
A powder for reducing blockage of ammonium bisulfate in an air preheater of a coal-fired power plant and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) firstly, weighing raw materials including fly ash, diatomite, vermiculite, calcium phosphate, copper sulfate, activated clay and the like, and mixing (or ball-milling) the raw materials according to a certain proportion and a certain feeding sequence, wherein the optimal dosage range of the diatomite is 1-12%; the optimal dosage range of the vermiculite powder is 1-3%; selected fly ash includes SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、TiO2、K2O、Na2O、MgO, etc., wherein SiO2+Al2O3The mass composition of (A) is between 85 and 92 percent, and Fe2O3The content is less than 3%.
(2) Uniformly mixing the obtained mixed powder sample, mixing with diluted and atomized phosphoric acid liquid (the optimal dosage range of phosphoric acid is 2-5%), continuously crushing to a certain fineness (95% passes through a 40-mesh sieve) by using an air flow powder machine, and uniformly mixing to obtain wet powder;
(3) and (3) measuring the temperature of the obtained wet powder by using an infrared temperature sensor through a microwave heating device, maintaining the temperature in the furnace to be 70-90 ℃, conveying the powder into and out of the furnace body through a belt type, and controlling the heating time to be not less than 15 min.
(4) And crushing and sieving to obtain target powder.
Adding a certain amount of diatomite in the material mixing process in the step (1), wherein the optimal mass usage range of the diatomite is 1-12%;
adding a certain amount of vermiculite powder in the material mixing process in the step (1), wherein the optimal mass dosage range of the diatomite is 1-3%;
adding certain copper-containing salts including copper chloride, copper acetate, copper sulfate and the like in the material mixing process, wherein the copper sulfate is taken as an example, and the mass usage range of the copper sulfate is 0-2%;
adding a certain amount of dicalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate or calcium phosphate and the like in the material mixing process, preferably selecting calcium phosphate, wherein the mass consumption range of the calcium phosphate is 0.5-5%, and the optimal consumption range is 1.5-3%;
the fly ash comprises SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、TiO2、K2O、Na2O, MgO, etc., wherein SiO is2+Al2O3The mass composition of (A) is between 85 and 92 percent, and Fe2O3The content is less than 3%.
The mechanism of the compound powder for selectively adsorbing ammonia and/or sulfur trioxide serving as precursors of ammonium bisulfate is as follows: a liquid film is formed on the surface of the compound powder by water vapor in high-temperature smoke or air atmosphere; phosphate radical and/or copper ions in the compound powder are dissolved in the liquid film; dissolving ammonia gas as a precursor of ammonium bisulfate in a liquid film on the surface of the compound powder to generate ammonium ions, combining the ammonium ions with phosphate radicals in the liquid film to be deposited in the compound powder or with the phosphate radicals in the compound powder, and adsorbing the ammonia gas as the precursor of the ammonium bisulfate by the compound powder; the precursor sulfur trioxide of the ammonium bisulfate is dissolved in the liquid film on the surface of the compound powder to generate sulfate ions, the sulfate ions are combined with the copper ions in the liquid film and then deposited in the compound powder or combined with the copper ions in the compound powder, and then the precursor sulfur trioxide of the ammonium bisulfate is adsorbed by the compound powder.
Example 1
2g of diatomite, 1g of vermiculite powder, 14g of fly ash and CuSO are respectively weighed4(calculated as dry) 0.5g, Ca3(PO4)21g，H3PO40.8g (industrial product, liquid) and 15mL of deionized water, and fully mixing the materials; drying the obtained material in a 90 ℃ oven for 2-3 h, crushing to a certain fineness (95% passes through a 40-mesh sieve), and sieving; and (3) putting the obtained material into a microwave drying device, continuously treating for 30min, and slightly crushing to obtain a No. 1 sample.
Example 2
1g of diatomite, 2g of vermiculite powder, 14g of fly ash and CuSO are respectively weighed4(calculated as dry) 0.5g, Ca3(PO4)20.5g，H3PO40.5g (industrial product, liquid) and 15mL of deionized water, and fully mixing the materials; drying the obtained material in a 90 ℃ oven for 2-3 h, crushing to a certain fineness (95% passes through a 40-mesh sieve), and sieving; and (3) putting the obtained material into a microwave drying device, continuously treating for 30min, and slightly crushing to obtain a No. 2 sample.
Test example 1
And respectively granulating the No. 1 sample and the No. 2 sample, and screening 20-40 mesh particles for later use. 0.25g of a pellet sample was weighed, and 700ppm of ammonia gas was introduced at 300 ℃ in an air atmosphere, with a total gas flow of 1L/min. The ammonia concentration was determined by the nano-assay spectrophotometry. The ammonia adsorption amounts of the sample No. 1 and the sample No. 2 were found to be 26mg/g and 29mg/g, respectively.
Test example 2
Samples No. 1 and No. 2Respectively granulating, and screening 20-40 mesh granules for later use. 0.25g of a sample of the granules was weighed and charged with 30ppm SO at 300 ℃ in an air atmosphere3Measuring the tail gas SO by adopting a controlled condensation method3And (4) concentration. Measuring SO of 1# and 2# samples3The adsorption amounts were about 42mg/g and 38mg/g, respectively.
Finally, the description is as follows: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and do not limit the technical solutions described in the present invention; thus, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted; all such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention and protected by the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a powder for reducing coal fired power plant air heater ammonium bisulfate blocks up which characterized in that: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
2. the dust for reducing blockage of ammonium bisulfate in an air preheater of a coal-fired power plant according to claim 1, wherein: the fly ash comprises SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、TiO2、K2O、Na2O, MgO, wherein SiO is2+Al2O3The mass composition of (A) is between 85 and 92 percent, and Fe2O3The content is less than 3%.
3. A preparation method of powder for reducing blockage of ammonium bisulfate in an air preheater of a coal-fired power station is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) according to the requirements of the prepared dosage form, calculating the dosage, weighing diatomite, vermiculite, fly ash and Ca3(PO4)2、CuSO4Grinding or ball-milling and mixing uniformly in a container;
2) mixing the mixed powder sample obtained in the step 1) uniformly, mixing the diluted and atomized phosphoric acid liquid, continuously crushing the mixture to a certain fineness by using an airflow powder machine, and uniformly mixing to obtain wet powder;
3) measuring the temperature of the wet powder obtained in the step 2) by adopting an infrared temperature sensor through a microwave heating device, maintaining the temperature in the furnace at 70-90 ℃, and conveying the powder into and out of the furnace body through a belt;
4) and crushing and sieving to obtain target powder.
4. The preparation method of the powder for reducing the blockage of the ammonium bisulfate in the air preheater of the coal-fired power plant according to claim 3, wherein the powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: a liquid film is formed on the surface of the compound powder by water vapor in high-temperature smoke or air atmosphere; phosphate radical and/or copper ions in the compound powder are dissolved in the liquid film; dissolving ammonia gas as a precursor of ammonium bisulfate in a liquid film on the surface of the compound powder to generate ammonium ions, combining the ammonium ions with phosphate radicals in the liquid film to be deposited in the compound powder or with the phosphate radicals in the compound powder, and adsorbing the ammonia gas as the precursor of the ammonium bisulfate by the compound powder; the precursor sulfur trioxide of the ammonium bisulfate is dissolved in the liquid film on the surface of the compound powder to generate sulfate ions, the sulfate ions are combined with the copper ions in the liquid film and deposited in the compound powder or combined with the copper ions in the compound powder, and then the precursor sulfur trioxide of the ammonium bisulfate is absorbed by the compound powder.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111077027.7A CN113713759B (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2021-09-15 | Powder for reducing blockage of ammonium bisulfate in air preheater of coal-fired power station and preparation method of powder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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