CN113704930B - Three-dimensional large-echelon space arrangement design method for shield cutter - Google Patents
Three-dimensional large-echelon space arrangement design method for shield cutter Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 78
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional large-echelon space arrangement design method of a shield cutter, which comprises the following steps: determining the distance between wedge coulters; determining the cutter head form; determining the position of a cutter; determining an arrangement mode of the cutters; determining the heights of the wedge coulter and the scraper which are arranged in a gradient manner: introducing a concept of wedge plow index, establishing a combined stress calculation model of the looseness of the wedge plow and the peeling of the scraper of the echelon wedge plow, calculating the combined stress of the looseness of the wedge plow and the peeling of the scraper, further calculating to obtain torque T and thrust F required by the whole disc cutter for cutting the stratum, and selecting the final cutter height difference according to the calculation result; and carrying out three-dimensional spatial arrangement of wedge coulters with different heights. The invention provides a three-dimensional large echelon space arrangement design method of a shield cutter, which solves the problems of frequent cutter changing of the shield, uneven cutter head stress and serious local abrasion in long-distance tunneling, prolongs the single-time non-cutter-changing tunneling distance of the shield, improves the construction efficiency and reduces the engineering cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shield construction, in particular to a space arrangement design of a shield cutter, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional large-echelon space arrangement design method of the shield cutter.
Background
In the construction process of urban subways, the shield is generally applied due to the advantages of high excavation speed, high safety, small influence on ground traffic and the like. The sandy cobble stratum is widely distributed in areas such as Beijing, Shenyang, Lanzhou, Chengdu and the like, the shield is tunneled in the sandy cobble stratum, the abrasion of a cutter is very serious, and the cutter changing frequency directly determines the construction period and the engineering cost. Therefore, it is important to provide a method for extending the single tunneling distance after tool changing.
Most of the existing research on prolonging the single tunneling distance of the shield focuses on the design of a cutter: (1) the length of the alloy block is improved, and is influenced by the current welding process, and the length of the hard alloy block on the cutter is usually less than 60 cm; (2) the wear resistance of the material is enhanced, the yield cost and the process influence are enhanced, and the lowest wear coefficient of the hard alloy can reach 0.04 mm/km; (3) the prior wedge coulter is taken as an example to be a claw-shaped, shell-shaped, rectangular and other medium-form cutter, and the cutter is suitable for different types of stratums.
The above techniques, however, have limited tool life improvements. The existing research shows that the effect of prolonging the single tunneling distance of the shield by prolonging the service life of the cutter in the modes of improving the length of the alloy block, enhancing the wear resistance of the material, changing the form of the cutter and the like is very limited. Meanwhile, the stability of the cutter head is not fully researched in the existing research. The long-distance tunneling also puts higher requirements on the overall stability of the cutter head, and if different types of cutters are arranged according to the spoke rule, the stress difference of different spokes is large, and the overall cutting efficiency of partial regions at the rear part of the long-distance tunneling is reduced. Taking the Beijing area as an example, a shield with the diameter of 6m needs to be subjected to tool changing once when tunneling 400m averagely, the longest tool changing is performed once when tunneling 600m, the single tool changing cost comprises the cost of a tool, the cost of well construction, the cost of land acquisition and the like, and the cost can reach over 1000 ten thousand yuan. Under the abrasion speed, the shield interval of more than 2km needs to be subjected to tool changing for 4 times or more, the construction progress is seriously influenced, and the construction cost is increased.
For the reasons, it is necessary to improve the spatial arrangement design of the cutters, so that the single tunneling distance after cutter changing is prolonged, the construction efficiency is improved, and the engineering cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a three-dimensional large echelon space arrangement design method of a shield cutter, which solves the problems of frequent cutter changing of the shield and uneven stress of a cutter head and severe local abrasion in long-distance tunneling, prolongs the single-time non-cutter-changing tunneling distance of the shield, improves the construction efficiency and reduces the engineering cost.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a three-dimensional large-echelon space arrangement design method of a shield cutter, which comprises the following steps:
determining the cutter head form and the wedge coulter distance;
step two, determining the position of a cutter;
step three, determining a cutter arrangement mode;
step four, determining the heights of the wedge coulter and the scraper which are arranged in a gradient manner, and specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) defining a wedge plow index, establishing a gradient wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling combined stress calculation model according to the cutter arrangement mode determined in the step three on the basis of the wedge plow index, and calculating gradient wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling combined stress;
(2) based on the combined stress calculation of wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling of the echelon wedge coulter, the torque required by the whole disc cutter for cutting the stratum is further calculatedTAnd thrust forceF；
(3) For a single echelon wedge coulter, torque is obtained according to the difference of the height difference values of the wedge coulter and the scraper, and for a double echelon wedge coulter, according to the difference of the height difference values of the first echelon wedge coulter and the second echelon wedge coulter and the scraperTAnd thrust forceFCalculating the result, and determining the final cutter height difference according to the minimum value of the calculation result;
step five, performing three-dimensional spatial arrangement of wedge coulters with different heights:
the same radial arm wedge coulters are arranged in a staggered and stepped manner along the radial direction of the cutter head, namely the radial arm direction, and the same track wedge coulters are arranged in a staggered and stepped manner along the circumferential direction of the cutter head, namely the track direction;
and D, arranging the wedge coulters with different heights at the positions determined in the step two, wherein the heights of the wedge coulters with different steps are determined in the step four.
In the first step, the cutter head adopts a spoke type cutter head with a large opening rate to match with the circular cutter beam, the opening rate of the cutter head is designed to be not less than 60%, and for a large-diameter shield, short spokes are arranged on the periphery of the cutter head.
In the first step of the invention, the wedge coulter spacing is calculated by adopting the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Bthe distance between the two wedge coulters is,bthe width of the wedge coulter is,φis the internal friction angle of the soil body.
In the second step of the invention, the position of the cutter is determined by adopting an Archimedes spiral arrangement method, and the number of spiralsnSpiral parameter ΔρAccording to the number of spokes determined in the step oneNInter-distance of the plow bladesBAnd is determined by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,nnumber of spirals, ΔρIs the parameter of the spiral,Nthe number of the spokes is the same as the number of the spokes,Bthe distance between the two wedge coulters is,acommon divisor of spoke number to ensurenAre integers.
In the third step, the mode that the middle wedge plough is high and the scrapers on the two sides are low is adopted, and the middle wedge plough is welded on the circular cutter beam of the cutter head designed in the first step.
In the fourth step of the present invention, the wedge plow index is defined as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,kis the index of the wedge plow,p u is the limit bearing capacity of the undisturbed soil of the sandy gravel stratum,nthe times of the wedge plough are the times of the wedge plough,p u n()is composed ofnThe ultimate bearing capacity of the plough for loosening the soil in the sandy gravel stratum after the secondary wedge plough,p r the residual limit bearing capacity of the sandy gravel stratum;
preferably, the calculation method of the wedge plow index comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,αtaking a sand and gravel stratum as an empirical parameter, taking 0.5 as a wedge plough constant,△hfor depth of cut, relative to penetration, penetration/number of co-track knives,hthe thickness of the plowed soil is the height difference between the wedge coulter and the scraper.
In the fourth step, the wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling combined stress calculation model of the wedge plow comprises a single-step wedge plow and two-step wedge plow:
annular cutting force of single-echelon wedge coulter wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling combined stress calculation modelF x Force against axial directionF y The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,F x A the annular cutting force is needed for loosening the undisturbed soil by a single wedge coulter wedge plough,F x a the annular cutting force required by the single scraper stripping plough for loosening the soil,F y A axial jacking force required for loosening undisturbed soil by a single wedge coulter wedge plough,F y a the axial jacking force required by the single scraper stripping plough for loosening the soil;
annular cutting force of combined stress calculation model for wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling of two-step wedge coulterF x Force against axial directionF y The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,F x A the annular cutting force required by the first echelon wedge coulter A wedge plough to loosen the stratum,F x B the annular cutting force required for the second echelon wedge coulter B to cut the plough loose soil,F x a the annular cutting force required by the single scraper stripping plough for loosening the soil,F y A axial jacking force required for loosening the stratum by the wedge plow of the first echelon wedge coulter A,F y B the axial jacking force required for the second echelon wedge coulter B to cut the plough to loosen the soil,F y a the axial jacking force is needed for loosening the soil by a single scraper stripping plough.
In the fourth step, for the stress calculation model of the combination of the wedge plow looseness and the scraper peeling of the two-step wedge coulter, the stress of the whole disc cutter is divided into two stages according to the abrasion condition of the first-step wedge coulter:
at initial stage of tunneling, hoop cutting forceF x Calculating the circumferential cutting force of the wedge coulter A and the wedge coulter B in the formulaF x A AndF x B the calculation method comprises the following steps:
axial jacking forceF y Axial jacking force of wedge coulter A and wedge coulter B in calculation formulaF y A AndF y B the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,nthe times of the wedge plough are the times of the wedge plough,
，H 1 is the height difference between the first step wedge coulter and the second step wedge coulter, delta h1For the cutting depth of the first echelon wedge coulter,H 1 ＞△h 1 ，n＞1；
circumferential cutting force at long-distance tunneling stageF x Calculating the circumferential cutting force of the wedge coulter A and the wedge coulter B in the formulaF x A AndF x B the calculation method comprises the following steps:
axial jacking forceF y Axial jacking force of wedge coulter A and wedge coulter B in calculation formulaF y A AndF y B the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,nthe times of the wedge plough are the times of the wedge plough,
，H1is the height difference between the first echelon wedge coulter and the second echelon wedge coulter,△ h 1 for the cutting depth of the first echelon wedge coulter,H 1 ＞△h 1 ，1≤n＜2。
in the present invention, torque is applied to a single step wedge coulterTAnd thrust forceFCalculated as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,R i in order to be the radius of the trajectory,Lis a radius of track ofR i The number of tracks of (a) is,A i to be arranged at a track radius ofR i The number of wedge coulters on the trajectory of (a);r i in order to be the radius of the scraper trajectory,Nis a radius of track ofr i The number of tracks of (a) is,C i to be arranged at a track radius ofr i The number of scrapers on the track of (a);
torque for two-step wedge coulterTAnd thrust forceFCalculated as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,R i in order to be the radius of the trajectory,Lis a radius of track ofR i The number of tracks of (a) is,A i to be arranged at a track radius ofR i The number of first echelon wedge coulters on the trajectory of (a),R i in order to be the radius of the trajectory,Mis a radius of track ofR i The number of tracks of (a) is,B i to be arranged at a track radius ofR i The number of second echelon wedge coulters on the trajectory of (a);r i in order to be the radius of the trajectory,Nis a radius of track ofr i The number of tracks of (a) is,C i to be arranged at a track radius ofr i The number of blades on the track.
In the invention, the method also comprises a sixth step, which considers the targeted optimization of the tool wear:
same track arrangementmCoefficient of wear of toolw m The actual wear coefficient of a single cutter on the same track under different stratum conditions has the following relation:
wear as track lengthLCoefficient of wearw m The product of (a);
and adjusting the number of cutters on different tracks, encrypting the peripheral cutters of the shield, and properly increasing the ladder times of the peripheral cutters.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a three-dimensional large echelon space arrangement design method of a shield cutter, which solves the problems of frequent cutter changing of the shield and local severe abrasion caused by uneven stress of a cutter head in long-distance tunneling, prolongs the single-time non-cutter-changing tunneling distance of the shield, improves the construction efficiency and reduces the engineering cost. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1. the wedge plow index which can link the wedge plow blade and the scraper with stress is provided, and then the stress states of the wedge plow blade and the scraper with different echelons, different arrangement methods and different abrasion states can be calculated;
2. the three-dimensional space arrangement method of the multi-echelon cutter is provided, and the problems that different spokes are large in stress difference, the whole cutting efficiency of partial regions after long-distance tunneling is reduced and the like are solved.
3. The method can obtain the jacking force and the cutting force required by different cutter arrangement methods, provides a theoretical basis for optimizing parameters such as the number of cutters, the cutter spacing, the cutter height difference and the like, fills a gap of cutter head stress research under different cutter arrangement methods, and provides a theoretical basis for shield model selection design.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, shall fall within the scope covered by the technical contents disclosed in the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mechanical model of interaction between a cutter head of a wedge plow and soil for loosening a soil layer of a wedge coulter wedge plow;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mechanical model of interaction between a blade and soil of a wedge plow and a wedge plow for loosening a soil layer;
FIG. 3 is an overall cloud picture of stratum deformation after a wedge plough loosens a soil layer;
FIG. 4 is a cloud view of a stratum deformation section after a wedge plow loosens a soil layer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a single Archimedes spiral according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a double Archimedes spiral according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a wedge plow blade pattern of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a single echelon wedge plow loosening and blade spalling combined force calculation model of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a first stage mechanical analysis model of a two-step wedge plow loose formation according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a second stage mechanical analysis model of a two-step wedge plow loose formation according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic three-dimensional large-gradient spatial arrangement of a cutter according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "consists of … …," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product, apparatus, process, or method if desired. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising/including … …," "consisting of … …," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a product, device, process, or method that comprises the element.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
It will be further understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, refer to an orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device, component, or structure must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, or be operated in a particular manner, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
The following describes the implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to preferred embodiments.
The three-dimensional large echelon space arrangement design method of the shield cutter is implemented according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the cutter head form and determining the reasonable wedge coulter spacing:
a sandy gravel formation is a very abrasive formation with discrete pebbles cemented together. Undisturbed soil has high strength, but is easy to collapse automatically after being disturbed. Therefore, the shield can adopt a wedge coulter wedge plow to loosen the stratum and combine a scraper stripping and warehousing mode to tunnel in the sandy gravel stratum.
According to the characteristics of the sandy gravel stratum, the spoke type cutterhead with large opening rate is matched with the circular knife beam.
The opening rate of the cutter head is set to be 60%, the spoke type cutter head is selected for the shield, and the opening rate of the cutter head is large, so that soil body cutting and large pebbles can be guaranteed to smoothly enter the shield, resistance borne by the cutter head and the cutter is reduced, and meanwhile torque borne by the cutter head is effectively reduced.
The design of the circular knife beam can reduce the friction resistance received by the cutter head when the cutter head rotates.
For a large-diameter shield, short spokes need to be arranged on the periphery of the shield to ensure the number of cutting tools on a cutter head and the opening rate.
Aiming at the characteristics of a sandy gravel stratum, the reasonable blade spacing ensures that soil layers loosened by two adjacent wedge coulter wedge plows are mutually overlapped, the loosening effect is ensured, and the loosening efficiency is also ensured.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, according to the mechanical model of the wedge plow and the wedge plow loosing soil layer, the wedge plow blade interval in the invention can be calculated by adopting the following formula
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Bthe distance between the two wedge coulters is,bthe width of the wedge coulter is,φis the internal friction angle of the soil body.
The wedge coulter spacing can also be solved for the loosening range by using a finite element numerical calculation method, the numerical calculation model is shown in figures 3 and 4, and the invention is not explained in detail here.
Step two: determining the position of the cutter:
the cutter arrangement position is determined by adopting an Archimedes spiral arrangement method. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the starting points of the archimedes spiral are the intersection points of the outer diameter of the central fishtail and the central line of the spoke, and in the case of a plurality of spirals, the starting points are uniformly distributed on the circumference (the starting points are different by 180 ° when the double archimedes spiral is arranged, and the starting points are different by 120 ° when the triple archimedes spiral is arranged). Number of spiralsnSpiral parameter ΔρAccording to the number of spokes determined in the step oneNInter-distance of the plow bladesBCollectively, the interrelationship can be represented by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,nnumber of spirals, ΔρIs the parameter of the spiral,Nthe number of the spokes is the same as the number of the spokes,Bthe distance between the two wedge coulters is,ais a common divisor of the number of spokes to ensurenAre integers.
Arranging a wedge coulter 1-1 at the starting point of No. 1 spiral of the spoke 1, drawing an Archimedes spiral in a counterclockwise direction, arranging a wedge coulter 1-2 at the intersection of the spiral and the center line of the spoke 2, arranging a wedge coulter 1-3 at the intersection of the spiral and the center line of the spoke 3, … … and the like until the spiral intersects with the outer diameter of a cutter head; likewise, other cutters on the spiral path may be arranged.
Step three: determining the arrangement mode of the tools:
according to the characteristic of the sandy cobble stratum, the shield can dig in the sandy cobble stratum by adopting a mode that a wedge plough loosens the stratum and a scraper peels off to enter a bin. And welding the wedge coulter and the scrapers on the circular knife beam of the cutterhead designed in the step one according to the mode shown in the figure 7, wherein the wedge coulter in the middle is higher in height, and the scrapers on the two sides are lower in height. The arrangement mode of the wedge coulter with high height and low scraper can lead the wedge coulter with high strength and wear resistance to firstly loosen and bite the sandy cobble original soil, then the wedge coulter is peeled off by the scraper and guided to enter the soil bin, the new wedge coulter can protect the scraper, reduce the abrasion and prolong the service life.
Step four: determining the heights of the wedge coulter and the scraper which are arranged in a gradient manner:
(1) the invention innovatively provides a wedge plow index concept and represents the mechanical characteristics of undisturbed soil after being cut and loosened by cutters with different echelons.
The loosening of the soil layer by the wedge coulter is not completed by one-time wedge plough but is repeated. The undisturbed soil strength is recordedp u ，nAfter the secondary wedge plough, the intensity of plough loosening is recordedp u n(). Along with the increase of the times that the wedge coulter sweeps across the soil layer, the occlusion effect among the sand pebbles in the undisturbed soil is gradually destroyed, and the final structure is thoroughly loosened to become a friction fluid with constant strength, wherein the strength is the residual strength of the sand pebble soil and is marked as the residual strengthp r 。
Usable wedge plow indexkThe degree of progressive destruction of the interlocking action between the sand and pebbles is characterized. Wedge plough indexkIs defined as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,kis the index of the wedge plow,p u is the limit bearing capacity of the undisturbed soil of the sandy gravel stratum,nthe times of the wedge plough are the times of the wedge plough,p u n()is composed ofnThe ultimate bearing capacity of the plough for loosening the soil in the sandy gravel stratum after the secondary wedge plough,p r the residual limit bearing capacity of the sandy gravel stratum is ploughed along with the wedgenThe size of the mixture is increased, and the mixture is,p u n()is infinitely close top r ；
Wedge plough indexkThe value range of (2) is between 0 and 1, the smaller the wedge plough index is, the better the loosening effect is, and the bearing capacity is obviously reduced.
The effect of the wedge coulter for loosening the soil layer depends on the mechanical property of the soil layer, the slag soil improvement effect and the soil pressure, and is positively correlated with the wedge plough frequency, so the calculation method for defining the wedge plough index is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,αthe wedge plough constant is an empirical parameter and is related to parameters such as soil pressure, muck improvement and the like, when the clay mineral content in a soil layer is high, the muck improvement effect is poor, and the soil pressure is high, the loosening effect is poor, the smaller the wedge plough constant is, and 0.5 can be taken out of a sand-gravel stratum;△hdepth of cut, relative to penetration, penetration/co-track tool number;hthe thickness of the plowed soil is the height difference between the wedge coulter and the scraper.
(2) Based on the wedge plough index, establishing a gradient wedge plough wedge plough looseness and scraper peeling combined stress calculation model according to the cutter arrangement mode determined in the step three, and performing gradient wedge plough looseness and scraper peeling combined stress calculation;
mechanical analysis model for wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling of single-step wedge coulter
According to the working principle that the wedge plow of the wedge plow loosens the original soil and the scraper peels off the plow to loosen the soil, a single-echelon wedge plow loosening and scraper peeling combined stress calculation model shown in fig. 8 is established.
Annular cutting force of single-echelon wedge coulter wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling combined stress calculation modelF x Force against axial directionF y Is calculated by the formula
In the formulaF x A The annular cutting force is needed for loosening the undisturbed soil by a single wedge coulter wedge plough,F x a the annular cutting force required by the single scraper stripping plough for loosening the soil,F y A axial jacking force required for loosening undisturbed soil by a single wedge coulter wedge plough,F y a the axial jacking force is needed for loosening the soil by a single scraper stripping plough.
Two-step wedge coulter wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling mechanical analysis model
According to the working principle that the wedge plow of the wedge plow loosens the original soil and the scraper peels off the plow to loosen the soil, the tunneling distance of the single time without cutter changing of the shield mainly depends on the service life of the wedge plow cutter, and the service life of the wedge plow cutter is the service life of the alloy block. On the premise of selecting the most suitable alloy material for the sand-gravel stratum tunneling, the length of the alloy block becomes the determining factor of the service life of the cutter, and the length of the alloy block is limited and cannot be too long.
In order to prolong the single-time tunneling distance without changing a tool and overcome the problem of limited welding length of an alloy block, a wedge coulter is arranged in two steps, so that a relay abrasion mode that a first step wedge coulter is abraded firstly and a second step wedge coulter is abraded later is realized, and the single-time tunneling distance is prolonged.
Annular cutting force of two-step wedge coulter and scraper combined modelF x Force against axial directionF y Can be composed ofThe following equation calculates
In the formulaF x A The annular cutting force required for loosening the stratum by the wedge plough of the first layer of wedge coulter A;F x B cutting the annular cutting force required for loosening the soil by the plough for the second layer of wedge coulter B;F x a the annular cutting force is needed for loosening the soil of the single scraper stripping plough;F y A axial jacking force required for loosening the stratum by a wedge plough of a first layer of wedge coulter A;F y B axial jacking force required for cutting plough scarification for the second layer wedge coulter B;F y a the axial jacking force is needed for loosening the soil by a single scraper stripping plough.
Along with the continuous tunneling of the shield, the abrasion of the first layer of wedge coulter which plays the role of a main wedge plow is gradually accumulated, and in order to calculate the cutting torque and the required thrust of the whole disc cutter more accurately, the stress of the whole disc cutter can be divided into two stages according to the different abrasion conditions of the first layer of wedge coulter.
Stage one is the initial stage of tunneling, in which stage the first layer of wedge coulter A is not yet seriously worn, and its cutting depth is not yet reached△h 1 Height difference less than two layers of wedge coultersH 1 At this time, the wedge of the first layer of wedge coulter A plows the original soil, and the wedge of the second layer of wedge coulter B cuts the loosened soil, and the calculation model is shown in FIG. 9.
In stage one working condition, the annular cutting force of the combined model of the two-step wedge coulter and the scraperF x Calculating the circumferential cutting force of the wedge coulter A and the wedge coulter B in the formulaF x A AndF x B the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,F x1the cutter head extrudes the annular resistance of the undisturbed soil,F x2the cutter body wedge plough has circular resistance to the original soil,F x2 (1)annular resistance to the plough loosening of the blade wedge plough,F x3annular resistance to the loosening of the soil of the cutter body cutting plough,F x1 (n)the annular resistance of plough loosening soil after the wedge plough is extruded by the cutter head for n times,F x2 (n)the annular resistance of the blade wedge plough for ploughing the loose soil after n times of wedge plough,F x2 (n+1)the annular resistance of the blade wedge plough n +1 time wedge plough rear plough loosening soil,F x3 (n)and cutting the annular resistance of the wedge plough for n times for the blade body and then ploughing and loosening the soil.
Axial jacking forceF y Axial jacking force of wedge coulter A and wedge coulter B in calculation formulaF y A AndF y B the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,F y1the cutter head extrudes the axial resistance of the undisturbed soil,F y1 (n)the axial resistance of plough loosening soil after the wedge plough is extruded by the cutter head for n times.
Since only the wedge coulter A wedges the undisturbed soil at the stage, the soil-cutting machine has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high efficiency
；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,H 1 is the height difference between the first echelon wedge coulter and the second echelon wedge coulter,△h 1 for the cutting depth of the first echelon wedge coulter, according to the relative position of the wedge coulter A and the wedge coulter B in the stage,H 1 ＞△h 1 this stage is knownn＞1。
The second stage is a long-distance tunneling stage, the first layer of wedge coulter A is seriously worn, and the first layer of wedge coulter A is severely wornDepth of cut by knife△h 1 Greater than the difference of two layers of wedge coultersH 1 At this time, the wedge plows of the first layer of wedge plow blade a and the second layer of wedge plow blade B loosen the original soil, and the calculation model is shown in fig. 10.
In the stage two working conditions, the annular cutting force of the two-step wedge coulter and scraper combined modelF x The calculation method of the annular cutting force of the wedge coulter A and the wedge coulter B in the calculation formula respectively comprises the following steps:
the meaning of each parameter in the formula is the same as above.
Axial jacking forceF y Axial jacking force of wedge coulter A and wedge coulter B in calculation formulaF y A AndF y B the calculation method comprises the following steps:
the meaning of each parameter in the formula is the same as above.
At the stage, the wedge coulter A and the wedge coulter B share the wedge plough with the undisturbed soil, so that
；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,H 1 is the height difference between the first echelon wedge coulter and the second echelon wedge coulter,△h1the relative positions of the wedge coulter A and the wedge coulter B at the stage are known for the cutting depth of the first echelon wedge coulterH 1 ＞△h 1 At this stagenThe value range of (A) is not less than 1n＜2。
(3) Based on the combined stress calculation of wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling of the echelon wedge coulter, the torque required by the whole disc cutter for cutting the stratum is further calculatedTAnd thrust forceF；
For single echelon wedge ploughAnd (3) configuring a cutter and a scraper, and calculating the torque and the thrust required by the cutter head: in thatLA radius of track ofR i Is arranged on the track ofA i A wedge coulter atNA radius of track ofr i Is arranged on the track ofC i Handle scraper, torqueTAnd thrust forceFCan be calculated as follows:
and for the configuration of the double-echelon wedge coulter and the scraper, calculating the torque and the thrust required by the cutter head: in thatLA radius of track ofR i Is arranged on the track ofA i A first step wedge coulter is arranged atMA radius of track ofR i Is arranged on the track ofB i A second step wedge coulter is arranged atNA radius of track ofr i Is arranged on the track ofC i Handle scraper, torqueTAnd thrust forceFCan be calculated as follows:
(4) for a single-step wedge coulter, the height difference between the wedge coulter and the scraper is determinedHThe difference of values is that for the double-echelon wedge coulter, the height difference of the first echelon wedge coulter and the second echelon wedge coulter is determinedH 1 Height difference between second echelon wedge coulter and scraperH 2 The difference of values is obtainedTAnd thrust forceFCalculated results, wedge coulter alloy blocks due to different echelonsShould overlap each other in height, considering the welding height limit of the alloy blocks,H 1 the value of (A) is less than 60cm, and according to the calculation result, the minimum value of the calculation result is selected to determine the final height difference of the cutter.
Step five, performing three-dimensional spatial arrangement of wedge coulters with different heights:
in order to solve the problems that the stress difference of different spokes is large, the whole cutting work efficiency of partial areas after long-distance tunneling is reduced and the like, wedge coulters with different heights are uniformly arranged at the positions determined in the step two, and the heights of the wedge coulters with different steps are determined in the step four;
the same radial arm wedge coulters are arranged in a staggered and stepped mode along the radial direction of the cutter head, namely the radial arm direction, and the same track wedge coulters are arranged in a staggered and stepped mode along the circumferential direction of the cutter head, namely the track direction.
The invention finally also takes into account tool wear for targeted optimization:
the cutter abrasion is positively correlated with the track length, so that the cutter abrasion at the outer side of the cutter head is more serious than that at the inner side, and the actual abrasion coefficients of a single cutter with the same track under different stratum conditions are counted by related researchwAnd proposes the same track arrangementmWear coefficient of handlew m Andwthe relationship of (1):
namely, the wear coefficient is smaller when the number of cutters on the same track is larger. Wear as track lengthLCoefficient of wearw m The product of the two methods can achieve the purpose of equal service life of the cutters on the whole cutter head by adjusting the number of the cutters on different tracks. Therefore, the shield peripheral cutters need to be encrypted, and the number of steps of the peripheral cutters needs to be increased properly, for example, the cutters with the highest periphery are used as third step wedge coulters, so that the purpose of increasing the effective height of the peripheral cutters is achieved, and the service life of the whole disc of cutters is prolonged.
The cutter arrangement of the cutterhead is shown in fig. 11, in which
Is a first echelon wedge coulter,
is a second echelon wedge coulter,
is a peripheral third step wedge coulter. This arrangement method satisfies: along the radial direction (radial arm direction) of the cutter head, wedge coulters on the same radial arm are arranged in a staggered and stepped manner in height; along the circumferential direction (track direction) of the cutter head, wedge coulters with the same track are arranged in a staggered and stepped mode in height. Under the condition of the cutter arrangement, the cutter disc can be stably stressed in long-distance tunneling, and the service life of the cutter disc cutter is prolonged.
The three-dimensional spatial arrangement method of the multi-echelon cutters can solve the problems that the cutters are unreasonable in spatial arrangement, rapid in abrasion, frequent in cutter changing, low in overall cutting efficiency in partial areas after long-distance tunneling and the like, prolongs the single-time non-cutter-changing tunneling distance of the shield, improves the construction efficiency and reduces the engineering cost. Meanwhile, the multi-echelon wedge coulter wedge plough and scraper peeling mechanical analysis model provides theoretical basis for optimizing parameters such as cutter number, cutter spacing, cutter height and cutter height difference, fills in the blank of cutter head stress research under different cutter arrangement methods, and provides theoretical basis for shield model selection design.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-described preferred embodiments may be freely combined, superimposed, without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional large-echelon space arrangement design method of a shield cutter comprises the following steps:
determining the cutter head form and the wedge coulter distance;
step two, determining the position of a cutter;
step three, determining a cutter arrangement mode;
step four, determining the heights of the wedge coulter and the scraper which are arranged in a gradient manner, and specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) defining a wedge plow index:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,kis the index of the wedge plow,p u is the limit bearing capacity of the undisturbed soil of the sandy gravel stratum,nthe times of the wedge plough are the times of the wedge plough,p u n()is composed ofnThe ultimate bearing capacity of the plough for loosening the soil in the sandy gravel stratum after the secondary wedge plough,p r the residual limit bearing capacity of the sandy gravel stratum;
(2) based on the wedge plough index, establishing a gradient wedge plough wedge plough looseness and scraper peeling combined stress calculation model according to the cutter arrangement mode determined in the step three, and performing gradient wedge plough looseness and scraper peeling combined stress calculation;
(3) based on the combined stress calculation of wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling of the echelon wedge coulter, the torque required by the whole disc cutter for cutting the stratum is further calculatedTAnd thrust forceF；
(4) For a single echelon wedge coulter, torque is obtained according to the difference of the height difference values of the wedge coulter and the scraper, and for a double echelon wedge coulter, according to the difference of the height difference values of the first echelon wedge coulter and the second echelon wedge coulter and the scraperTAnd thrust forceFCalculating the result, and determining the final cutter height difference according to the minimum value of the calculation result;
step five, performing three-dimensional spatial arrangement of wedge coulters with different heights:
the same radial arm wedge coulters are arranged in a staggered and stepped manner along the radial direction of the cutter head, namely the radial arm direction, and the same track wedge coulters are arranged in a staggered and stepped manner along the circumferential direction of the cutter head, namely the track direction;
and D, arranging the wedge coulters with different heights at the positions determined in the step two, wherein the heights of the wedge coulters with different steps are determined in the step four.
2. The method for designing the three-dimensional large-echelon space layout of a shield cutter according to claim 1,
in the first step, the cutter head adopts a spoke type cutter head with a large opening rate to match with a circular cutter beam, the opening rate of the cutter head is designed to be not less than 60%, and for a large-diameter shield, short spokes are arranged on the periphery of the cutter head.
3. The method for designing the three-dimensional large-echelon space layout of a shield cutter according to claim 1,
in the first step, the distance between the wedge coulters is calculated by adopting the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Bthe distance between the two wedge coulters is,bthe width of the wedge coulter is,φis the internal friction angle of the soil body.
4. The method for designing the three-dimensional large-echelon space layout of a shield cutter according to claim 1,
in the second step, the position of the cutter is determined by adopting an Archimedes spiral arrangement method, and the number of spiralsnSpiral parameter ΔρAccording to the number of spokes determined in the step oneNInter-distance of the plow bladesBAnd is determined by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,nthe number of the spiral lines is shown,Δρis the parameter of the spiral,Nthe number of the spokes is the same as the number of the spokes,Bthe distance between the two wedge coulters is,acommon divisor of spoke number to ensurenAre integers.
5. The method for designing the three-dimensional large-echelon space layout of a shield cutter according to claim 1,
and in the third step, a mode that the middle wedge plough is high in cutter height and the scrapers on the two sides are low is adopted, and the middle wedge plough is welded on the circular cutter beam of the cutter head designed in the first step.
6. The method for designing the three-dimensional large-echelon space layout of a shield cutter according to claim 1,
in the fourth step, the calculation method of the wedge plow index comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,αtaking a sand and gravel stratum as an empirical parameter, taking 0.5 as a wedge plough constant,△hfor depth of cut, relative to penetration, penetration/number of co-track knives,hthe thickness of the plowed soil is the height difference between the wedge coulter and the scraper.
7. The method for designing the three-dimensional large-echelon space layout of a shield cutter according to claim 1,
in the fourth step, the wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling combined stress calculation model of the wedge plow comprises a single-step wedge plow and two-step wedge plow:
annular cutting force of single-echelon wedge coulter wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling combined stress calculation modelF x Force against axial directionF y The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,F x A the annular cutting force is needed for loosening the undisturbed soil by a single wedge coulter wedge plough,F x a the annular cutting force required by the single scraper stripping plough for loosening the soil,F y A axial jacking force required for loosening undisturbed soil by a single wedge coulter wedge plough,F y a the axial jacking force required by the single scraper stripping plough for loosening the soil;
annular cutting force of combined stress calculation model for wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling of two-step wedge coulterF x Force against axial directionF y The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,F x A the annular cutting force required by the first echelon wedge coulter A wedge plough to loosen the stratum,F x B the annular cutting force required for the second echelon wedge coulter B to cut the plough loose soil,F x a the annular cutting force required by the single scraper stripping plough for loosening the soil,F y A axial jacking force required for loosening the stratum by the wedge plow of the first echelon wedge coulter A,F y B the axial jacking force required for the second echelon wedge coulter B to cut the plough to loosen the soil,F y a the axial jacking force is needed for loosening the soil by a single scraper stripping plough.
8. The method for designing the three-dimensional large-echelon space layout of a shield cutter according to claim 7,
in the fourth step, for the two-echelon wedge coulter wedge plow looseness and scraper peeling combined stress calculation model, according to the abrasion condition of the first echelon wedge coulter, the stress of the whole disc cutter is divided into two stages:
at initial stage of tunneling, hoop cutting forceF x Wedge coulter A and wedge in calculation formulaAnnular cutting force of coulter BF x A AndF x B the calculation method comprises the following steps:
axial jacking forceF y Axial jacking force of wedge coulter A and wedge coulter B in calculation formulaF y A AndF y B the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,nthe times of the wedge plough are the times of the wedge plough,
，H 1 is the height difference between the first echelon wedge coulter and the second echelon wedge coulter,△h 1 for the cutting depth of the first echelon wedge coulter,H 1 ＞△h 1 ，n＞1；
circumferential cutting force at long-distance tunneling stageF x Calculating the circumferential cutting force of the wedge coulter A and the wedge coulter B in the formulaF x A AndF x B the calculation method comprises the following steps:
axial jacking forceF y Axial jacking force of wedge coulter A and wedge coulter B in calculation formulaF y A AndF y B the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,nthe times of the wedge plough are the times of the wedge plough,
，H 1 is the height difference between the first step wedge coulter and the second step wedge coulter, delta h1For the cutting depth of the first echelon wedge coulter,H 1 ＞△h 1 ，1≤n＜2。
9. the method for designing the three-dimensional large-echelon space arrangement of the shield cutter according to claim 7 or 8,
torque for single step wedge coulterTAnd thrust forceFCalculated as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,R i in order to be the radius of the trajectory,Lis a radius of track ofR i The number of tracks of (a) is,A i to be arranged at a track radius ofR i The number of wedge coulters on the trajectory of (a);r i in order to be the radius of the scraper trajectory,Nis a radius of track ofr i The number of tracks of (a) is,C i to be arranged at a track radius ofr i The number of scrapers on the track of (a);
torque for two-step wedge coulterTAnd thrust forceFCalculated as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,R i in order to be the radius of the trajectory,Lis a radius of track ofR i The number of tracks of (a) is,A i to be arranged at a track radius ofR i The number of first echelon wedge coulters on the trajectory of (a),R i in order to be the radius of the trajectory,Mis a radius of track ofR i The number of tracks of (a) is,B i to be arranged at a track radius ofR i The number of second echelon wedge coulters on the trajectory of (a);r i in order to be the radius of the trajectory,Nis a radius of track ofr i The number of tracks of (a) is,C i to be arranged at a track radius ofr i The number of blades on the track.
10. The method for designing the three-dimensional large-echelon space layout of a shield cutter according to claim 1,
there is also a sixth step, considering the targeted optimization of the tool wear:
same track arrangementmCoefficient of wear of toolw m The actual wear coefficient of a single cutter on the same track under different stratum conditions has the following relation:
wear as track lengthLCoefficient of wearw m The product of (a);
and adjusting the number of cutters on different tracks, encrypting the peripheral cutters of the shield, and properly increasing the ladder times of the peripheral cutters.
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