CN214366069U

CN214366069U - Shield cutter head suitable for soft and hard composite stratum

Info

Publication number: CN214366069U
Application number: CN202120012565.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵广资; 徐琳琳; 齐跃军; 张明伟; 蒋亚龙; 朱碧堂; 罗文俊; 周双喜
Original assignee: East China Jiaotong University; Third Engineering Co Ltd of China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: East China Jiaotong University; Third Engineering Co Ltd of China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-01-05
Filing date: 2021-01-05
Publication date: 2021-10-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-01-05

Abstract

The utility model provides a shield constructs blade disc suitable for soft or hard composite ground, the blade disc includes parts such as shield constructs blade disc (1), cross owner sword roof beam (2), vice sword roof beam (3), central serrated knife (4), front hobbing cutter (5), cutter (6), edge hobbing cutter (7), edge scraper (8), fixed serrated knife (9), foam nozzle (10), wearing and tearing detect sword (11) and wear-resisting steel sheet (12). Four Y-shaped auxiliary cutter beams are distributed on the diagonal line between the cross-shaped main cutter beams, and the cross-shaped main cutter beams and the auxiliary cutter beams form a bearing structure of the shield cutter head. The cross-shaped main tool beam consists of a first tool beam, a third tool beam, a fifth tool beam and a seventh tool beam, and the auxiliary tool beam consists of a second tool beam, a fourth tool beam, a sixth tool beam and an eighth tool beam. The utility model discloses the blade disc open ratio reaches 43%, and specially adapted typical gravel sand-argillaceous siltstone composite stratum's tunnelling has reduced the risk of blade disc mud.

Description

Shield cutter head suitable for soft and hard composite stratum

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a shield constructs blade disc suitable for soft or hard compound stratum belongs to entry driving machine technical field.

Background

With the rapid development of economy in China, the development requirement of urban underground space is increasing day by day, and a large number of urban tunnel projects are produced at the same time. The shield construction method has the advantages of high construction efficiency (the integrated construction of excavation and support can be realized), good tunnel forming, small influence on the surrounding environment and the like, and is more and more widely used in urban tunnel excavation. However, when a soft-hard composite formation (such as a typical soft-lower-hard composite formation of Nanchang upper sand layer-lower argillaceous siltstone) is encountered, various problems are often induced due to great differences in formation conditions, and the following are typical: when the disc cutter enters a hard rock stratum from a soft soil stratum, cutter knocking is easily caused due to large difference of rigidity of stratum rock and soil bodies, and the cutter ring is cracked and the cutter shaft is damaged seriously; the hob cutters in rock-soil bodies in different stratums have different starting torques, and the hob cutters are difficult to rotate when entering soft soil stratums from hard rock stratums, so that string grinding and the like of the hob cutters are caused; the cutting knife or the conventional disc cutter can not be adopted singly to realize the high-efficiency tunneling in the composite stratum. In addition, the shield also has the problems of stability of the face in front of the cutter head, slag discharging efficiency and the like when the shield tunnels in the soft and hard composite stratum. Therefore, a shield cutter head and a working method which can be suitable for soft and hard composite strata are needed to be provided, so that the cutter changing times in the tunneling process are reduced, the slag tapping efficiency is improved, and the safe and efficient tunneling of the shield is ensured.

The publication number CN104060995A discloses a shield cutter head structure for mutually invading composite rock strata with uneven hardness, which comprises a heavy cutter head, a double-edged central hob, a single-edged front hob, a single-edged peripheral hob, an auxiliary cutter and the like; the auxiliary knife comprises a front toothed knife, a shovel knife and a protection knife. The influence of the starting torque of the hob on the shield tunneling efficiency is not considered in the shield cutterhead structure for mutually invading the composite rock stratum with uneven hardness, namely: when the starting torque is large, the conventional hob cutter cannot rotate easily to induce string grinding due to insufficient friction force provided when the conventional hob cutter enters a soft soil (gravel) stratum from a hard rock stratum; when the starting torque is adjusted too small, the integral rigidity of the hob is reduced, the impact force on the variable rigidity position of the hard rock stratum and the soft and hard composite interface is large, and the hob is easy to loosen and even to be damaged. In addition, the opening rate of the cutter head in the patent is 20% -30%, and when the tunneling stratum is a argillaceous siltstone stratum with high content of sticky particles, the smooth entering of muck into a soil bin cannot be guaranteed, so that mud cake formation of the cutter head is induced.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at providing a, to the main weak point of above-mentioned prior art, the utility model provides a shield constructs blade disc suitable for soft or hard compound stratum.

The utility model discloses the technical scheme who realizes as follows, a shield constructs blade disc suitable for soft or hard compound stratum, including shield structure blade disc, cross main sword roof beam, vice sword roof beam, central serrated knife, positive hobbing cutter, edge hobbing cutter, edge scraper, fixed serrated knife, foam nozzle, wearing and tearing detection sword, wear-resisting steel sheet and other TBM parts.

Four Y-shaped auxiliary cutter beams are distributed on the diagonal line between the cross-shaped main cutter beams, and the cross-shaped main cutter beams and the auxiliary cutter beams form a bearing structure of the shield cutter head; the cross-shaped main tool beam consists of a first tool beam, a third tool beam, a fifth tool beam and a seventh tool beam, and the auxiliary tool beam consists of a second tool beam, a fourth tool beam, a sixth tool beam and an eighth tool beam.

The central part of the cross-shaped main knife beam is provided with 8 central serrated knives side by side; 20 17-inch front-side hobs are mounted on the cross-shaped main cutter beam, and 5 hobs are uniformly mounted on each main cutter beam; cutters are respectively arranged in front of and behind the front hob rolling trace, and the number of the cutters is 56, and the cutters are distributed and installed on two sides of the cross-shaped main cutter beam; 6 foam nozzles are arranged on the beams of the cross-shaped main knife beam and the auxiliary knife beam.

The auxiliary knife beam is of a Y-shaped structure with a Y-shaped opening facing outwards, and 37 fixed serrated knives are arranged on the auxiliary knife beam; and 7 with 17 inch edge hobs; the end part of the cross-shaped main cutter beam is provided with 8 pairs of edge scrapers with the cutter height of 145 mm; a wear detection knife is arranged on one of the auxiliary knife beams.

The height of the central toothed cutter is 175mm, and the distance between the cutters is 90 mm; the central serrated knife can effectively reduce the large torque of the conventional fishtail knife under the similar stratum conditions, thereby reducing the shield energy consumption and improving the tunneling efficiency.

The height of the front hob is 175mm, and the distance between the hobs is 100 mm; the front hob is a specially-made high-hardness columnar inserted hob.

The columnar inserted hob is composed of a columnar inserted hob and alloy columnar teeth; the columnar inserted hob is of a circular structure, and a plurality of alloy columnar teeth with the same height are uniformly inserted at the periphery of the outer edge of the columnar inserted hob.

The height of the cutter is 140mm, and the distance between the cutters is 150 mm; the cutter rolls hard rock by a hob on the front side and combines the comprehensive action of cutting soft soil by the cutter, so that the efficient tunneling of the shield in a soft-hard composite stratum is ensured; 56 cutters are arranged and distributed as follows: 24 cutters are arranged on the third cutter beam and the seventh cutter beam at equal intervals from inside to outside in the radial direction; the central parts of the first knife beam and the fifth knife beam are provided with the central toothed cutters, so that 4 cutters are arranged at equal intervals from inside to outside in the radial direction; the outer side 2 is closely arranged with 24 cutters; and 2 cutters, namely 8 cutters, are symmetrically arranged at the central parts of the second cutter beam, the fourth cutter beam, the sixth cutter beam and the eighth cutter beam of the auxiliary cutter beam respectively.

And the efficient tunneling in the composite stratum is realized through the rolling-cutting combined action of the front hob and the cutter.

Fixed serrated knife and edge hobbing cutter distribute on four vice sword roof beams, fixed serrated knife symmetrical arrangement is in vice sword roof beam and blade disc edge, wherein: 7 fixed serrated cutters are symmetrically arranged on the second cutter beam and the sixth cutter beam respectively; the fourth knife beam and the eighth knife beam are provided with 2 foam nozzles and 1 abrasion detection knife, the fixed serrated knife at the position is cancelled, the rest positions are the same as the second knife beam and the fourth knife beam in arrangement, the fourth knife beam is provided with 6 fixed serrated knives, and the eighth knife beam is provided with 5 fixed serrated knives; the edge of the cutter head is provided with fixed serrated knives 12 at equal intervals; a total of 37 fixed-tooth knives are arranged.

7 edge hobs are symmetrically arranged at the 4 auxiliary cutter beams close to the edge of the cutter head, wherein 2 hobs are symmetrically arranged at the second cutter beam, the sixth cutter beam and the eighth cutter beam respectively, and 1 hob is arranged at the fourth cutter beam; and the overcutting serrated knives are arranged at the symmetrical positions and are used for effectively controlling the overcutting amount of the soft and hard composite stratum.

The foam nozzles are arranged and distributed as follows: 1 foam nozzle is respectively and symmetrically arranged at the two sides of a central serrated knife on a third knife beam 3 of the cross-shaped main knife beam, and 1 foam nozzle is arranged at the end part of the outer edge of the third knife beam; 1 foam nozzle is arranged on the fourth knife beam of the auxiliary knife beam, and 2 foam nozzles are arranged on the eighth knife beam.

The utility model has the advantages that the utility model can ensure the hob to rotate effectively when the soft soil layer is tunneled by setting the starting torque of the hob suitable for the soft soil layer in advance, thereby preventing the string grinding of the hob ring; when the hob repeatedly rolls and cuts the rock-soil body in the soft and hard composite stratum, the alloy column teeth on the outer side of the hob ring can play a role in protecting the hob ring and improving the wear resistance, and the disc hob is prevented from being knocked or seriously worn when repeatedly passing through the interface of the soft and hard rock stratum; in addition, 6 foam nozzles are arranged on the cutter head, so that a foaming agent can be added in real time according to the slag discharge condition and the properties of slag soil, the abrasion of the cutter is reduced through the improvement of the slag soil, the sludge of the cutter head is avoided, the slag discharge effect and the stability of the tunnel face are ensured, and the tunneling efficiency of the shield in the composite stratum is improved.

The front hob and the edge hob adopted by the utility model are specially-made columnar inserted hob, when the rock stratum is tunneled, the high-hardness alloy columnar inserted hob improves the rock breaking efficiency of the hob penetration on one hand, and protects the hob ring from serious abrasion on the other hand; when a soft and hard composite stratum is tunneled and a hob rolls a soft and hard transition interface, the hob ring bears impact force generated by huge rigidity difference of the stratum, and the columnar insert improves the impact resistance of the hob ring to a greater extent, thereby effectively avoiding the bad condition of colliding with a knife and even damaging the hob ring; when entering a soft stratum, the cylindrical insert teeth and the face rock-soil body are embedded and bitten due to the fact that the cylindrical insert teeth and the face rock-soil body are in the rolling process, the hob can roll the face rock-soil body easily due to the rotation of the whole cutter head under the effect of the same starting torque, and therefore eccentric wear of a hob cutter ring caused by the fact that the hob is stuck or the friction force between the hob and the face cannot normally rotate enough is effectively avoided, the tool changing frequency is reduced, and the tunneling efficiency is improved.

The utility model discloses well blade disc open ratio reaches 43%, is far more than 20% -30% of the blade disc of the same kind. The opening rate of 43 percent is particularly suitable for typical gravel-argillaceous siltstone composite stratum, and because the lower hard rock stratum is argillaceous siltstone, the content of the clay is extremely high, and the produced slag has high cohesive force, large caking and difficult flowing. The opening rate of 43% sets up and can effectively guarantee that the ground body that the face was cut off in the front of the blade disc gets into the soil storehouse, and then is discharged by screw conveyer, has reduced the risk of blade disc mud.

The utility model discloses tunnelling blade disc device simple structure, used spare part processing is simple and convenient and auxiliary facilities technical maturity, possesses higher feasibility.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the cutter head;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cutting ring of an insert hob in the cutterhead;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of the operation of the cutterhead;

in the figure, 1 is a shield cutter head; 2 is a cross-shaped main cutter beam; 3 is an auxiliary knife beam; 4 is a central serrated knife; 5 is a front hob; 5-1 is the cutting edge of the inserted hob; 5-2 is alloy column teeth; 6 is a cutter; 7 is an edge hob; 8 is an edge scraper; 9 is a fixed serrated knife; 10 is a foam nozzle; 11 is a wear detection knife; 12 is a wear-resistant steel plate.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shield cutter head suitable for soft and hard composite strata of the present embodiment mainly comprises a shield cutter head 1, a cross main cutter beam 2, an auxiliary cutter beam 3, a central tooth cutter 4, a front hob 5, an inserted hob cutting edge 5-1, an alloy columnar tooth 5-2, a cutter 6, an edge hob 7, an edge scraper 8, a fixed tooth cutter 9, an overexcavation tooth cutter 9-1, a foam nozzle 10, a wear detection cutter 11, a wear-resistant steel plate 12 and other necessary components which are not listed.

The shield cutter head suitable for the soft and hard composite stratum has the following main working principle:

the main bearing structure of the shield cutter head 1 is formed by a cross main cutter beam 2 and an auxiliary cutter beam 3.

The central tooth cutter 4 with the cutter height of 175mm is arranged at the central part of the cross-shaped main cutter beam 1 by 8, the cutter spacing is set to be 90mm, and the large torque of the conventional fishtail cutter under the similar stratum condition can be effectively reduced, so that the shield energy consumption is reduced, and the tunneling efficiency is improved.

20 17-inch front hobs 5 are arranged on the cross main cutter beam 2, the height of each hob is 175mm, and the distance between the hobs is 100 mm; cutters 6 are respectively arranged in front of and behind the rolling trace of the front-face hob 5, the total number of the cutters is 56, the cutter height is 140mm, the cutter spacing is 150mm, and the shield is guaranteed to be efficiently tunneled in a soft and hard composite stratum through the comprehensive effect of rolling hard rock by the front-face hob 5 and cutting soft soil by combining the cutters 6.

22 fixed tooth cutters 9 are arranged on the auxiliary cutter beam 3 to play a role of assisting in cutting rock and soil mass; and 7 17-inch edge hobs 7 are arranged on the auxiliary cutter beam 3 and are used for crushing rock and soil mass at the edge of the cutter head to form an effective overexcavation gap.

The end part of the main cutter beam 2 is provided with 8 pairs of edge scrapers 8 with the cutter height of 145mm, and the front hob 5 and the cutter 6 are assisted to crush rock-soil mass on the tunnel face.

The opening rate of the cutter head 1 is set to be 43 percent, so that when a stratum with high content of sticky particles is encountered, slag can be effectively discharged, and mud and cutter mud cakes of the cutter head 1 are avoided; 6 foam nozzles 10 are arranged on the cutter head 1, so that a foaming agent can be added in real time according to the slag discharge condition and the properties of slag soil, the slag discharge effect is ensured through slag soil improvement, and the shield tunneling efficiency is improved; 1 wear monitoring knife 11 is arranged on the auxiliary knife beam and used for monitoring the wear of the knife tool in real time; wear-resisting steel plates 12 with the thickness of 10mm and 50mm are respectively arranged on the face plate and the periphery of the cutter head, and the effect of protecting the shield cutter head is achieved.

The shield cutter head suitable for the soft and hard composite stratum in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:

(1) and determining the soil layer distribution condition and the specific physical and mechanical property index in the process of the shield penetrating through the soft and hard composite stratum based on the specific geological survey data in the early stage of the engineering.

(2) The starting torque of the hob is determined according to the stratum crossing characteristics, particularly, the set value of the starting torque of the hob is not more than 20Nm in the process of excavating the sandy gravel stratum, and the set value of the starting torque of the hob is preferably within the range of 25-40Nm in the process of excavating the hard rock stratum such as argillaceous siltstone and the like.

(3) When the composite stratum with upper soft and lower hard exists in the crossing stratum, the hob starting torque of the soft soil stratum is selected and set.

(4) And starting a foam system, and spraying a foam modifier to the front of the cutter head through a foam nozzle.

(5) And starting the shield cutter head to rotate, starting the spiral conveyor and starting a propulsion mode, and enabling the shield to push forward the tunneling tunnel face rock-soil body.

The using effect of the embodiment is as follows:

the selected earth pressure balance shield of the interval work progress of the 3 mark sections of the subway of a certain city is covered with sand ditch station-the way station of starting to phoenix and is tunneled, adopt the utility model discloses in the blade disc structure. The shield machine realizes stable tunneling in a gravel-argillaceous siltstone composite stratum, the average tunneling speed reaches 470 rings/month, and the highest tunneling speed reaches 20 rings/day. During the tunneling process, the shield machine and the cutter head cutter are stopped for cutter changing once in plan, the cutter changing is cancelled in actual tunneling due to good working states of the shield machine and the cutter head cutter, the cutter head cutter is checked after the shield machine and the cutter head cutter are communicated, and the phenomena of cutter head paste, serious eccentric wear of the cutter and the like are avoided.

Claims

1. A shield cutter head suitable for soft and hard composite strata comprises a shield cutter head, a cross main cutter beam, an auxiliary cutter beam, a central serrated cutter, a front hob, a cutter, an edge hob, an edge scraper, a fixed serrated cutter, a foam nozzle, an abrasion detection cutter, a wear-resistant steel plate and other TBM parts, and is characterized in that four Y-shaped auxiliary cutter beams are distributed on a diagonal line between the cross main cutter beams, and the cross main cutter beam and the auxiliary cutter beams form a load-bearing structure of the shield cutter head; the cross-shaped main cutter beam consists of a first cutter beam, a third cutter beam, a fifth cutter beam and a seventh cutter beam, and the auxiliary cutter beam consists of a second cutter beam, a fourth cutter beam, a sixth cutter beam and an eighth cutter beam; the central part of the cross-shaped main knife beam is provided with 8 central serrated knives side by side; 20 17-inch front-side hobs are mounted on the cross-shaped main cutter beam, and 5 hobs are uniformly mounted on each main cutter beam; cutters are respectively arranged in front of and behind the front hob rolling trace, and the number of the cutters is 56, and the cutters are distributed and installed on two sides of the cross-shaped main cutter beam; 6 foam nozzles are arranged on the cross-shaped main knife beam and the auxiliary knife beam; the auxiliary cutter beam is of a Y-shaped structure with a Y-shaped opening facing outwards, and 37 fixed tooth cutters and 7 17-inch edge hobs are arranged on the auxiliary cutter beam; the end part of the cross-shaped main cutter beam is provided with 8 pairs of edge scrapers with the cutter height of 145 mm; and a wear detection knife is arranged on the auxiliary knife beam.

2. The shield cutter head suitable for the soft and hard composite stratum according to claim 1, wherein the cutter height of the central toothed cutter is 175mm, and the cutter spacing is set to be 90 mm; the central serrated knife can effectively reduce the large torque of the conventional fishtail knife under the similar stratum conditions, thereby reducing the shield energy consumption and improving the tunneling efficiency.

3. The shield cutterhead suitable for use in soft and hard composite formations according to claim 1, wherein the face hob has a cutter height of 175mm and a cutter spacing of 100 mm; the front hob is a specially-made high-hardness columnar inserted hob.

4. The shield cutter head suitable for the soft and hard composite stratum according to claim 1, wherein the cutter height is 140mm, and the cutter spacing is 150 mm; the cutter rolls hard rock by a hob with the front embedded teeth and combines the comprehensive action of cutting soft soil by the cutter, so that the efficient tunneling of the shield in a soft and hard composite stratum is ensured; 56 cutters are arranged and distributed as follows: 24 cutters are arranged on the third cutter beam and the seventh cutter beam at equal intervals from inside to outside in the radial direction; the central parts of the first knife beam and the fifth knife beam are provided with the central toothed cutters, so that 4 cutters are arranged at equal intervals from inside to outside in the radial direction; the outer side 2 is closely arranged with 24 cutters; and respectively and symmetrically arranging 2 cutters in the center parts of the second cutter beam, the fourth cutter beam, the sixth cutter beam and the eighth cutter beam of the Y-shaped auxiliary cutter beam, wherein the total number of the cutters is 8.

5. The shield cutterhead suitable for soft and hard composite ground according to claim 1, wherein the fixed tooth cutters and the edge hob cutters are distributed on four secondary cutter beams;

fixed serrated knife symmetrical arrangement is in Y shape vice sword roof beam and blade disc edge, wherein: 7 fixed serrated cutters are symmetrically arranged on the second cutter beam and the sixth cutter beam respectively; the fourth knife beam and the eighth knife beam are provided with 2 foam nozzles and 1 abrasion detection knife, the fixed serrated knife at the position is cancelled, the rest positions are the same as the second knife beam and the fourth knife beam in arrangement, the fourth knife beam is provided with 6 fixed serrated knives, and the eighth knife beam is provided with 5 fixed serrated knives; the edge of the cutter head is provided with fixed serrated knives 12 at equal intervals; 37 fixed tooth cutters are arranged in total;

6. The shield cutter head suitable for the soft and hard composite stratum according to claim 3, wherein the columnar inserted hob is composed of a columnar inserted hob and an alloy columnar gear; the columnar inserted hob is of a circular structure, and a plurality of alloy columnar teeth with the same height are uniformly inserted at the periphery of the outer edge of the columnar inserted hob.

7. The shield cutter head suitable for the soft and hard composite stratum according to claim 1, wherein the foam nozzles are installed and distributed as follows: 1 foam nozzle is respectively and symmetrically arranged at the two sides of a central serrated knife on a third knife beam 3 of the cross-shaped main knife beam, and 1 foam nozzle is arranged at the end part of the outer edge of the third knife beam; 1 foam nozzle is arranged on the fourth knife beam of the auxiliary knife beam, and 2 foam nozzles are arranged on the eighth knife beam.