CN113702945B - Scanning system - Google Patents
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- CN113702945B CN113702945B CN202111241519.5A CN202111241519A CN113702945B CN 113702945 B CN113702945 B CN 113702945B CN 202111241519 A CN202111241519 A CN 202111241519A CN 113702945 B CN113702945 B CN 113702945B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a scanning system, through setting up light beam collecting and distributing device and transceiver component and forming wavelength focal plane scanning structure, simple structure is compact, need not set up a large amount of looks phasers, and is with low costs, and light beam collecting and distributing device not only can be used for receiving the branch wave behind the compound optical signal, can be used for receiving echo signal moreover, need not set up extra device of receiving echo signal, further reduces scanning system's cost. In addition, the emitting optical signal and the reflection echo of the scanning system provided by the application share the same path, so that the assembly and adjustment complexity is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser radars, in particular to a scanning system.
Background
The laser radar technology is rapidly developed, and a scanning system in the laser radar is a very important ring. The scanning systems of the conventional laser radar are mainly divided into two types, one is a mechanical rotating mirror type scanning system, and the other is a solid state scanning system composed of an Optical Phase Array (OPA). However, OPA has problems of higher array complexity, more phase shifters required, grating lobe generation, and the like.
However, both scanning systems have a common problem in that they are complicated in structure and thus expensive. The mechanical mechanism of a mechanical rotating mirror type scanning system is expensive. The array complexity of the solid-state scanning system composed of the optical phased array is higher, the number of required phase shifters is more, and the cost is lower than that of the mechanical rotating mirror type scanning system, but the cost is higher
Therefore, the development of a laser radar scanning system with simple structure and low cost is an urgent need in the field of laser radars at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, it is necessary to provide a scanning system to solve the problem that the conventional lidar scanning system has a high structural complexity, which results in a high cost.
The present application provides a scanning system comprising:
an input structure for outputting a composite optical signal comprising a plurality of different wavelengths;
the optical beam collecting and distributing device comprises an input port and a plurality of output ports, wherein the input port is used for receiving a composite optical signal containing a plurality of different wavelengths and demultiplexing the composite optical signal into a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths and sending the optical signals to the transceiver device;
and the transceiver device is arranged opposite to the plurality of output ports of the light beam collecting and distributing device and is used for receiving a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths, sending the plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths to different directions, receiving echo signals returned from different directions and returning the echo signals returned from different directions to the plurality of output ports.
Further, the scanning system further comprises:
and the optical splitter is arranged between the input structure and the optical beam collecting and distributing device and used for receiving the composite optical signal output by the input structure and dividing the composite optical signal into a first composite optical signal and a second composite optical signal to be output to the optical beam collecting and distributing device.
Further, the beam distribution device includes:
a first input port disposed on a side of the beam dump device proximate the optical splitter for receiving the first composite optical signal,
a second input port, disposed at a side of the optical beam splitter close to the transceiver device, for receiving the second composite optical signal;
the first composite optical signals entering the first input ports are subjected to wave splitting by the light beam collecting and distributing device to form a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths, and the optical signals are sent to the transceiver device through the first output ports; each first output port outputs an optical signal of one wavelength;
a plurality of second output ports, which are disposed on one side of the optical beam splitter close to the optical splitter, and through which the second composite optical signal entering the second input port is demultiplexed by the optical beam splitter into a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths and output; each second output port outputs an optical signal of one wavelength.
Further, the scanning system further comprises:
a plurality of detectors disposed opposite the plurality of second output ports; the optical signals with different wavelengths output by the second output ports are received by the detectors, and each second output port is opposite to one detector.
Further, the light splitting device includes:
the bidirectional coupler is arranged between the input structure and the light beam collecting and distributing device and comprises an input end, a first output end and a second output end;
the composite optical signal output by the input structure is input through an input end of the bidirectional coupler, the composite optical signal is divided into a first composite optical signal and a second composite optical signal through the bidirectional coupler, the first composite optical signal is output to a first input port of the optical beam collecting and distributing device through a first output end of the bidirectional coupler, and the second composite optical signal is output to a second input port of the optical beam collecting and distributing device through a second output end of the bidirectional coupler.
Furthermore, the transceiver device receives a plurality of echo signals returned from different directions and sends the echo signals to a plurality of first output ports of the light beam collecting and distributing device; each first output port collects the echo signal, sends the echo signal to the first input port, the echo signal sequentially passes through the first input port, the first output end of the bidirectional coupler, the second output end of the bidirectional coupler and the second input port, and is finally output to the detector through the second output port, and beat frequency is carried out on the detector and a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths received by the detector, so that the detector outputs a first difference frequency signal.
Further, the bidirectional coupler includes:
a first multimode interferometer comprising a first port, a second port, a third port, and a fourth port;
a second multi-mode interferometer comprising a fifth port, a sixth port, and a seventh port;
the first port is connected with the input end of the bidirectional coupler;
the third port is connected with a first output end of the bidirectional coupler;
the second port is connected with the fifth port;
the fourth port is connected with the sixth port;
the seventh port is connected with the second output end of the bidirectional coupler.
Further, the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the first port into the optical signal flowing from the third port is larger than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the first port into the optical signal flowing from the fourth port;
the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the fifth port and flowing out of the seventh port is larger than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the sixth port and flowing out of the seventh port.
Further, the light splitting device includes:
a first splitter comprising an eighth port, a ninth port, and a tenth port;
a phase modulator;
a second splitter comprising an eleventh port, a twelfth port, and a thirteenth port;
a third splitter comprising a fourteenth port, a fifteenth port, and a sixteenth port;
the eighth port is connected with the input structure, one end of the phase modulator is connected with the ninth port, and the other end of the phase modulator is connected with the eleventh port;
the thirteenth port is connected with the first input port of the light beam collecting and dispersing device;
the tenth port is connected with the fifteenth port, and the twelfth port is connected with the fourteenth port;
and the sixteenth port is connected with the second input port of the light beam collecting and distributing device.
Further, the composite optical signal output by the input structure is input through an eighth port of the first beam splitter, and is split into a first composite optical signal and a second composite optical signal by the first beam splitter;
the first composite optical signal is output to the phase modulator through the ninth port to be subjected to phase modulation, and the modulated first composite optical signal enters the second beam splitter through the eleventh port and is output to the first input port of the optical beam collecting and distributing device through the thirteenth port of the third beam splitter;
and the second composite optical signal is output to the fifteenth port of the third beam splitter from the tenth port and is output to the second input port of the optical beam collecting and distributing device through the sixteenth port of the third beam splitter.
Furthermore, the transceiver device receives a plurality of echo signals returned from different directions, and sends the plurality of echo signals returned from different directions to a plurality of first output ports of the light beam collecting and distributing device; each first output port collects the echo signal, sends the echo signal to the first input port, the echo signal sequentially passes through the first input port, the thirteenth port of the second beam splitter, the twelfth port of the second beam splitter, the fourteenth port of the third beam splitter and the second input port, and is finally output to the detector through the second input port, and the beat frequency is carried out on the detector and the optical signals with different wavelengths received by the detector, so that the detector outputs a second difference frequency signal.
Further, the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the eighth port and flowing out of the ninth port is greater than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the eighth port and flowing out of the tenth port;
the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the thirteenth port and flowing out of the twelfth port is greater than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the thirteenth port and flowing out of the eleventh port;
the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the fourteenth port and flowing out of the sixteenth port is greater than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the fifteenth port and flowing out of the sixteenth port.
The utility model relates to a scanning system, through setting up light beam collecting and distributing device and transceiver component and forming wavelength focal plane scanning structure, simple structure is compact, need not set up a large amount of looks phasers, and is with low costs, and light beam collecting and distributing device not only can be used for receiving the branch wave behind the compound optical signal, can be used for receiving echo signal moreover, need not set up extra device of receiving echo signal, further reduces scanning system's cost. In addition, the emitting optical signal and the reflection echo of the scanning system provided by the application share the same path, so that the assembly and adjustment complexity is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a scanning system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a transceiver device when a plurality of output holes of the transceiver device are placed on a focal plane of a lens in a scanning system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transceiver device when a plurality of output holes of the transceiver device are directly arranged in different directions in a scanning system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a scanning system with a light splitting device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a scanning system when the optical splitter is a bidirectional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic signal guide diagram of an optical signal and an echo signal of a scanning system when the optical splitter is a bidirectional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a time-frequency variation graph of FMCW.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional coupler in a scanning system when the light splitting device provided in the present application is the bidirectional coupler.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a scanning system when the light splitting device provided in the present application is three beam splitters.
Fig. 10 is a schematic signal guide diagram of an optical signal and an echo signal of a scanning system when the optical splitter is three beam splitters according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
10-an input structure; 20-a beam dump device; 210-an input port; 220-an output port;
230-a first input port; 240-a second input port; 250-a first output port; 260-a second output port;
30-a transceiver device; 310-an output aperture; 40-a light-splitting device; 410-a bidirectional coupler; 411-input terminal;
412-a first output; 413-a second output; 414-a first multimode interferometer;
415-a second multimode interferometer; 421-a first port; 422-a second port; 423-third port;
424-fourth port; 425-a fifth port; 426-sixth port; 427-a seventh port;
430-a first beam splitter; 431-eighth port; 432-ninth port; 433-tenth port;
440-a phase modulator; 450-a second beam splitter; 451-eleventh port; 452-a twelfth port;
453-thirteenth port; 460-a third beam splitter; 461-fourteenth port; 462-a fifteenth port;
463-sixteenth port; 50-a detector; 60-the object to be measured.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The present application provides a scanning system. It should be noted that the scanning system provided by the present application is applied to a laser radar, and can be adapted to any type of laser radar.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present application, the scanning system includes an input structure 10, a beam dump device 20, and a transceiver device 30.
The input structure 10 is arranged to output a composite optical signal comprising a plurality of different wavelengths.
The beam dump device 20 includes an input port 210 and a plurality of output ports 220. The input port 210 is configured to receive a composite optical signal comprising a plurality of different wavelengths, and to demultiplex the composite optical signal into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths for transmission to the transceiver device 30.
The transceiver device 30 is disposed opposite to the plurality of output ports 220 of the beam distribution device 20. The transceiver device 30 is configured to receive a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths and send the plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths to different directions. The transceiver device 30 is further configured to receive the echo signals returned from different directions, and return the echo signals returned from different directions to the plurality of output ports 220.
In particular, the input structure 10 is used to output a composite optical signal comprising a plurality of different wavelengths.
The transceiver 30 in this embodiment adopts a focal plane scanning manner, so that the received multiple optical signals with different wavelengths are sent to different directions at different positions in space. In particular, the transceiver device 30 may be provided with a plurality of output holes 310, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the output holes 310 being arranged at different spatial positions. The plurality of output apertures 310 are used to derive a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths. The number of output holes 310 is the same as the number of optical signals, i.e., one output hole 310 for each optical signal of a particular wavelength. By means of the focal plane scanning mode, optical signals with different wavelengths at different spatial positions can be emitted to different directions to carry out scanning work in different directions. Compared with the traditional scanning system, the scanning system in the embodiment has a simpler structure, no mechanical structure and no phase shifter in a focal plane scanning mode, and the scanning is more stable and reliable.
Alternatively, one way to arrange the output holes 310 is to place a plurality of output holes 310 on the focal plane of a lens, as shown in fig. 2, which can regulate the emission of the optical signal to different directions.
Alternatively, another way to arrange the output holes 310 is to directly arrange the output holes 310 in different directions and directly extract the optical signals in different directions, as shown in fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 1, based on the transceiver device 30 adopting the focal plane scanning method, the present embodiment provides the light beam collecting and distributing device 20 between the transceiver device 30 and the input structure 10, so as to implement the wavelength focal plane scanning method. The beam dump device 20 may be specifically an AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating). The beam condensing and dispersing device 20 has a wave-splitting function. The optical beam dump device 20 may receive the composite optical signal output by the input structure 10 and demultiplex the composite optical signal into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths for transmission to the transceiver device 30.
The beam dump device 20 comprises an input port 210 and a plurality of output ports 220, and the plurality of output ports 220 may be arranged at different spatial positions on one side of the beam dump device 20. After the optical beam splitter 20 splits the composite optical signal into optical signals with different wavelengths, the optical beam splitter 20 may distribute the optical signals with different wavelengths to different output ports 220 for output. Each output port 220 outputs an optical signal of a particular wavelength.
The output port 220 of the beam dump device 20 is located opposite the transceiver device 30. The communication between the output port 220 of the optical beam splitter 20 and the transceiver device 30 may be implemented in a variety of ways.
In one embodiment, the output port 220 of the beam splitter 20 is configured as an optical fiber port, and the beam splitter 20 outputs the optical signal by optical fiber coupling. In this embodiment, the output port 220 of the beam splitter 20 and the transceiver 30 are connected by an optical fiber.
Alternatively, the optical beam collection and distribution device 20 may be an optical waveguide coupling, and the output port 220 is in the form of an end-face coupling of a chip, or an optical antenna formed by using a grating coupler is introduced. End-coupling using chips is an edge-coupling approach. And the introduction of an optical antenna constructed using a grating coupler is a way of vertical coupling. In both coupling modes, the output port 220 of the optical beam splitter 20 transmits optical signals directly from the chip provided on the output port 220 to the transceiver 30 without providing an additional optical fiber.
The transceiver device 30 is further configured to receive the echo signals returned from different directions, and return the echo signals returned from different directions to the plurality of output ports 220. Specifically, after the transceiver device 30 sends a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths to different directions, the optical signals will irradiate the surface of the object 60 to be measured and generate reflected echo signals, and the light beam collecting and distributing device 20 in this embodiment may also receive the echo signals reflected by the object 60 to be measured, without providing an additional device for receiving echo signals.
In this embodiment, the wavelength division focal plane scanning structure is formed by the light beam collecting and distributing device 20 and the transceiver device 30, the structure is simple and compact, a large number of phase shifters are not required, and the cost is low, and the light beam collecting and distributing device 20 can be used for receiving the sub-waves after the composite optical signal and also can be used for receiving the echo signal, and an additional device for receiving the echo signal is not required, so that the cost of the scanning system is further reduced. In addition, the emitting optical signal and the reflection echo of the scanning system provided by the application share the same path, so that the assembly and adjustment complexity is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced.
In an embodiment of the present application, in order to implement the scanning system to perform parallel scanning in all directions simultaneously, that is, in order to implement parallel wavelength focal plane scanning, the input structure 10 employs a narrow linewidth seed light source capable of implementing frequency scanning. A narrow linewidth seed light source can produce a frequency comb. In this embodiment, the composite optical signal output by the input structure 10 forms a frequency comb structure, so that the scanning system can simultaneously perform parallel scanning in each direction.
In this embodiment, the input structure 10 is set as a narrow linewidth seed light source capable of implementing frequency scanning, so that the input structure 10 can output a frequency comb, and a scanning system can simultaneously perform parallel scanning in all directions, thereby greatly improving the scanning rate and eliminating the interference between multiple paths of optical signals with different wavelengths.
As shown in fig. 4, in an embodiment of the present application, the scanning system further includes a light splitting device 40. The beam splitting device 40 is disposed between the input structure 10 and the beam spreading device 20. The optical splitter 40 is configured to receive the composite optical signal output by the input structure 10, and split the composite optical signal into a first composite optical signal and a second composite optical signal, which are output to the optical splitter 20.
Specifically, the present embodiment adds the light splitting device 40 to the foregoing embodiment. The optical splitter 40 may split the composite optical signal into two portions, i.e., into a first composite optical signal and a second composite optical signal, so as to facilitate different guiding processes on the two portions of the composite optical signal.
With continued reference to fig. 4, in an embodiment of the present application, the beam splitter 20 includes a first input port 230, a second input port 240, a plurality of first output ports 250, and a plurality of second output ports 260.
The first input port 230 is disposed on a side of the beam splitter device 40 close to the beam collecting and distributing device 20. The first input port 230 is configured to receive the first composite optical signal. The second input port 240 is disposed on a side of the optical beam splitter 20 close to the transceiver device 30. The second input port 240 is configured to receive the second composite optical signal.
The plurality of first output ports 250 are disposed on a side of the light beam distribution device 20 close to the transceiver device 30. The first composite optical signal entering the first input port 230 is demultiplexed by the optical beam splitter 20 into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths, and sent to the transceiver device 30 via a plurality of first output ports 250. Each first output port 250 outputs an optical signal of one wavelength.
The second output ports 260 are disposed on a side of the light beam collecting and distributing device 20 close to the light splitting device 40. The second composite optical signal entering the second input port 240 is demultiplexed by the optical beam splitter 20 into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths and output through a plurality of second output ports 260. Each second output port 260 outputs an optical signal of one wavelength.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the beam splitter 20 is designed symmetrically. The first input port 230 and the second input port 240 are symmetrically arranged, and the input effect is the same. The first composite optical signal entering the first input port 230 is demultiplexed into a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths by the optical beam splitter 20 and output through the first output port 250, and the second composite optical signal entering the second input port 240 is also demultiplexed into a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths by the optical beam splitter 20 and output through the second output ports 260, and then different processing may be performed subsequently.
Meanwhile, a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths emitted by the transceiver device 30 are reflected by the object 60 to be measured to form a plurality of echo signals, which are received by the transceiver device 30, and then enter the light beam collecting and distributing device 20 through the plurality of first output ports 250 to be combined and processed subsequently.
The beam dump device 20 may employ a symmetrical nxn AWG device.
In this embodiment, the light beam collecting and distributing device 20 adopts a symmetrical design to realize that only one single device is used for both the transmitted sub-wave and the received combined wave, thereby simplifying the structure of the scanning system and greatly saving the hardware cost.
With continued reference to fig. 4, in an embodiment of the present application, the scanning system further includes a plurality of detectors 50. The plurality of detectors 50 are disposed opposite the plurality of second output ports 260. The optical signals of the plurality of different wavelengths output by the second output port 260 are received by the plurality of detectors 50. Each second output port 260 is disposed opposite one of the detectors 50.
Specifically, the present embodiment also provides a plurality of detectors 50. The number of detectors 50 is the same as the number of second output ports 260. Each second output port 260 is disposed opposite one of the detectors 50.
As explained in the previous embodiments, the second composite optical signal entering the second input port 240 is demultiplexed into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths by the optical beam splitter 20 and output through a plurality of second output ports 260. In this embodiment, the second composite optical signal is demultiplexed into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths by the optical beam splitter 20 and output to the plurality of detectors 50 through the plurality of second output ports 260. The signal on the detector 50 may reflect distance and velocity information of the object 60 to be measured.
There are many arrangements of the light-splitting device 40, and in the present application, two arrangements are mainly described. The following first describes the arrangement of the first light splitting device 40: a bi-directional coupler 410 is employed.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, in an embodiment of the present application, the optical splitter 40 includes a bidirectional coupler 410. The bi-directional coupler 410 is disposed between the input structure 10 and the beam dump device 20. The bidirectional coupler 410 includes an input terminal 411, a first output terminal 412, and a second output terminal 413.
The composite optical signal output by the input structure 10 is input via the input terminal 411 of the bidirectional coupler 410, and the composite optical signal is divided into a first composite optical signal and a second composite optical signal by the bidirectional coupler 410. The first composite optical signal is output to the first input port 230 of the optical beam dump device 20 via the first output port 412 of the bi-directional coupler 410. The second composite optical signal is output to the second input port 240 of the optical beam dump device 20 via the second output port 413 of the bi-directional coupler 410.
Specifically, the present embodiment employs an FMCW method for detection, that is, the input structure 10 in the present embodiment outputs FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave). FMCW has a special waveform whose frequency varies according to a triangular wave law with time, as shown in fig. 7.
The bi-directional coupler 410 includes an input terminal 411, a first output terminal 412, and a second output terminal 413. The continuous wave frequency modulation optical wavelength can be realized by controlling the electrical frequency, the optical wavelength interval can be accurately adjusted and controlled, the wavelength shift is consistent, and the consistency of multi-channel FMCW is ensured.
In this embodiment, the input structure 10 needs to be configured as a narrow-line-width seed light source capable of performing frequency scanning, so as to form a frequency comb structure, and the composite optical signal is frequency-modulated by the frequency comb structure.
The flow direction of the emitted light signal (alternatively referred to as a non-echo signal) is described below.
The composite optical signal output by the input structure 10 is input via the input terminal 411 of the bidirectional coupler 410, and the composite optical signal is divided into a first composite optical signal and a second composite optical signal by the bidirectional coupler 410. The first composite optical signal is output to the first input port 230 of the optical beam dump device 20 via the first output port 412 of the bi-directional coupler 410. The first composite optical signal entering the first input port 230 is demultiplexed by the optical beam splitter 20 into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths, and sent to the transceiver device 30 via a plurality of first output ports 250. The transceiver device 30 transmits a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths in different directions.
The second composite optical signal is output to the second input port 240 of the optical beam dump device 20 via the second output port 413 of the bi-directional coupler 410. The second composite optical signal entering the second input port 240 is demultiplexed by the optical beam splitter 20 into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths and output to the plurality of detectors 50 via a plurality of second output ports 260.
As shown in fig. 6, in an embodiment of the present application, the transceiver device 30 receives a plurality of echo signals returned from different directions and sends the echo signals to a plurality of first output ports 250 of the optical beam splitter 20. Each first output port 250 collects the echo signals and transmits the echo signals to the first input ports 230. The echo signal sequentially passes through the first input port 230, the first output port 412 of the bidirectional coupler 410, the second output port 413 of the bidirectional coupler 410, and the second input port 240, and is finally output to the detector 50 through the second output port 260, and the beat frequency of the optical signal with a plurality of different wavelengths received by the detector 50 is performed on the detector 50, so that the detector 50 outputs a first difference frequency signal.
Specifically, the present embodiment describes the operation principle of the beam splitter 20 for first combining and then splitting the echo signal with the help of the bidirectional coupler 410.
As shown in fig. 6, the solid line is the emitted light signal (or referred to as non-echo signal) and the dashed line is the echo signal. The present embodiment describes the flow direction of the echo signal, so that only the operation of the beam splitter 20 with respect to the echo signal will be described below. First, each of the first output ports 250 of the optical beam distribution device 20 collects the echo signals and transmits the echo signals to the first input port 230. Further, the optical beam collecting and distributing device 20 performs a wave combination process on the plurality of echo signals, and the combined echo signals sequentially pass through the first input port 230, the first output port 412 of the bidirectional coupler 410, the second output port 413 of the bidirectional coupler 410, and enter the second input port 240. Further, the combined echo signal entering the optical beam collecting and distributing device 20 through the second input port 240 is divided again to generate a plurality of echo signals with different wavelengths, and finally output to the detector 50 through a plurality of second output ports 260, and the beat frequency is performed on the detector 50 with the optical signals with the different wavelengths received by the detector 50, so that the detector 50 outputs a first difference frequency signal. The plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths herein means that the second composite optical signal is demultiplexed into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths by the optical beam splitter 20. The portion of the plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths is output to the plurality of detectors 50 through the plurality of second output ports 260. In effect, the second composite optical signal of the transmitted optical signal is split and output to the plurality of detectors 50, where it is beat-frequency-modulated with the echo signal.
The first difference frequency signal can be read by the detector 50, and the distance and speed information of the object 60 to be measured can be analyzed.
In this embodiment, the light beam collecting and distributing device 20 adopts a symmetrical design to realize that only one single device is used for both the transmitted sub-wave and the received combined wave, thereby simplifying the structure of the scanning system and greatly saving the hardware cost.
In one embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 8, the bi-directional coupler 410 includes a first multi-mode interferometer 414 and a second multi-mode interferometer 415. The first multi-mode interferometer 414 includes a first port 421, a second port 422, a third port 423, and a fourth port 424. The second multimode interferometer 415 includes a fifth port 425, a sixth port 426, and a seventh port 427. The first port 421 is connected to the input 411 of the bi-directional coupler 410. The third port 423 is connected to the first output 412 of the bi-directional coupler 410. The second port 422 is connected to the fifth port 425. The fourth port 424 is connected to the sixth port 426. The seventh port 427 is connected to the second output terminal 413 of the bidirectional coupler 410.
Specifically, the present embodiment is a representation of the bi-directional coupler 410, and is implemented by using two multi-mode interferometers (MMI).
In an embodiment of the present invention, a ratio of a flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the first port 421 and flowing out of the third port 423 is larger than a ratio of a flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the first port 421 and flowing out of the fourth port 424.
The ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the seventh port 427 from the fifth port 425 is larger than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the seventh port 427 from the sixth port 426.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, in order to reduce the loss of the return signal, the splitting ratios of the first multimode interferometer 414 and the second multimode interferometer 415 are set to be asymmetric, that is, the splitting ratios are different.
For example, let the emitted light signal intensity be I1 and the echo light signal intensity be I2. For the first multi-mode interferometer 414, if the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the first port 421 into the third port 423 is a%, the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the first port 421 into the fourth port 424 is 1-a%.
Due to the symmetry of the first multimode interferometer 414, the ratio of the optical signal flowing from the third port 423 into the first port 421 is also a% and the optical signal flowing from the third port 423 into the second port 422 is 1-a% for the echo signal.
For the second multi-mode interferometer 415, if the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the fifth port 425 into the seventh port 427 is a%, the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the sixth port 426 into the seventh port 427 is 1-a%.
Therefore, the optical signal flowing out of the seventh port 427 is (1-A%)2xI 1, echo light signal has (A%)2And x I2. The emitted optical signal flowing from the first port 421 into the third port 423 has a% x I1.
It is understood that the larger the value of a, i.e., the higher the a% ratio, the smaller the loss of the return signal.
In this embodiment, setting the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the first port 421 into the third port 423 to flow out of the third port 423 to be greater than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the first port 421 into the fourth port 424 to flow out of the fourth port 427 to flow into the fifth port 425 to flow out of the seventh port 427 to flow into the sixth port 426 to flow out of the seventh port 427, that is, setting a% to be greater than 1-a% reduces the loss of the return optical signal and increases the power of the transmission optical signal.
The following first describes the arrangement of the second light splitting device 40: a plurality of beam splitters are combined.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, in an embodiment of the present application, the optical splitter 40 includes a first beam splitter 430, a phase modulator 440, a second beam splitter 450, and a third beam splitter 460. The first splitter 430 includes an eighth port 431, a ninth port 432, and a tenth port 433. The second splitter 450 includes an eleventh port 451, a twelfth port 452, and a thirteenth port 453. The third splitter 460 includes a fourteenth port 461, a fifteenth port 462, and a sixteenth port 463.
The eighth port 431 is connected to the input structure 10. One end of the phase modulator 440 is connected to the ninth port 432, and the other end of the phase modulator 440 is connected to the eleventh port 451. The thirteenth port 453 is connected to the first input port 230 of the beam distribution device 20. The tenth port 433 is connected to the fifteenth port 462. The twelfth port 452 is connected to the fourteenth port 461. The sixteenth port 463 is connected to the second input port 240 of the light collecting and distributing device 20.
The input structure 10 in this embodiment outputs PMCW (phase modulated continuous wave) instead of FMCW, so that this embodiment does not need to perform frequency modulation by means of a frequency comb, and needs to perform phase modulation on an optical signal. Specifically, the phase modulator 440 is provided in the present embodiment, and after the first beam splitter 430 splits the composite optical signal into the first composite optical signal and the second composite optical signal, the phase modulator 440 is provided to perform phase modulation on the optical signal.
In addition, the present embodiment employs three beam splitters for the guiding operation of the optical signal.
Alternatively, the beam splitter may be embodied as a directional coupler or a multimode interferometer.
With continued reference to fig. 10, in an embodiment of the present application, the composite optical signal output by the input structure 10 is input through the eighth port 431 of the first splitter 430, and is split into the first composite optical signal and the second composite optical signal by the first splitter 430.
The first composite optical signal is output by the ninth port 432 to the phase modulator 440 for phase modulation. The modulated first composite optical signal enters the second beam splitter 450 through the eleventh port 451 and is output to the first input port 230 of the optical beam splitter 20 through the thirteenth port 453 of the third beam splitter 460.
The second composite optical signal is output from the tenth port 433 to the fifteenth port 462 of the third beam splitter 460, and is output to the second input port 240 of the optical beam splitter 20 through the sixteenth port 463 of the third beam splitter 460.
Specifically, the working principle of the part of the emitted optical signal (non-echo signal) is described in this embodiment, and there are similarities with the aforementioned bi-directional coupler 410, and the details are not repeated here.
After the first composite optical signal is output to the first input port 230 of the optical beam splitter 20 through the thirteenth port 453 of the third splitter 460, the first composite optical signal is demultiplexed into a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths by the optical beam splitter 20, and the optical signals are sent to the transceiver device 30 through the plurality of first output ports 250. The transceiver device 30 transmits a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths in different directions.
After the second composite optical signal is output to the second input port 240 of the optical beam splitter 20 through the sixteenth port 463 of the third splitter 460, the optical signal is demultiplexed into a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths by the optical beam splitter 20 and output to the plurality of detectors 50 through the plurality of second output ports 260.
Referring to fig. 10, in an embodiment of the present application, the transceiver device 30 receives a plurality of return echo signals from different directions and sends the return echo signals from different directions to the first output ports 250 of the light beam distribution device 20. Each first output port 250 collects the echo signals and transmits the echo signals to the first input ports 230. The echo signal sequentially passes through the first input port 230, the thirteenth port 453 of the second beam splitter 450, the twelfth port 452 of the second beam splitter 450, the fourteenth port 461 of the third beam splitter 460, and the second input port 240, and is finally output to the detector 50 through the second input port 240, and the beat frequency of the optical signal with a plurality of different wavelengths received by the detector 50 is performed on the detector 50, so that the detector 50 outputs a second difference frequency signal.
Specifically, the present embodiment describes the working principle of the light beam collecting and distributing device 20 for combining and then splitting the echo signal with the help of the three beam splitters, and has similarities with the bidirectional coupler 410, and thus the details are not repeated here. As shown in fig. 10, the solid line represents the emitted light signal (or referred to as non-echo signal), and the dotted line represents the echo signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a ratio of a flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the eighth port 431 into the ninth port 432 is greater than a ratio of a flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the eighth port 431 into the tenth port 433.
The ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the thirteenth port 453 and flowing out of the twelfth port 452 is larger than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the thirteenth port 453 and flowing out of the eleventh port 451.
The ratio of the optical signal flow flowing into the fourteenth port 461 and flowing out of the sixteenth port 463 is larger than the ratio of the optical signal flow flowing into the fifteenth port 462 and flowing out of the sixteenth port 463.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, in order to reduce the loss of the return signal, it is provided that the splitting ratio of each beam splitter with respect to the 2 outgoing lines is asymmetric, that is, the splitting ratio of each beam splitter is asymmetric.
For example, let the emitted light signal intensity be I1 and the echo light signal intensity be I2. For the first splitter 430, if the ratio of the optical signal flow flowing in from the eighth port 431 and flowing out from the ninth port 432 is a%, the ratio of the optical signal flow flowing in from the eighth port 431 and flowing out from the tenth port 433 is 1-a%. In this example, A% is greater than 1-A%.
With respect to the second beam splitter 450, for the echo signal returned from the first input port 230, the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the eleventh port 451 from the thirteenth port 453 is 1-a%, the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the twelfth port 452 from the thirteenth port 453 is a%. In this example, A% is greater than 1-A%. For the third splitter 460, if the ratio of the optical signal traffic flowing into and out of the sixteenth port 463 from the fourteenth port 461 is a%, the ratio of the optical signal traffic flowing into and out of the sixteenth port 463 from the fifteenth port 462 is 1-a%. In this example, A% is greater than 1-A%.
Thus, the optical signal exiting the sixteenth port 463 of the third beam splitter 460 to the second input port 240 is (1-A%)2xI 1, the echo optical signal flowing out of the sixteenth port 463 to the second input port 240 is (A%)2×I2。
It is understood that the larger the value of a, i.e., the higher the a% ratio, the smaller the loss of the return signal.
In the present embodiment, by setting the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the eighth port 431 and flowing out of the ninth port 432 to be greater than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the eighth port 431 and flowing out of the tenth port 433 to be greater than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the thirteenth port 453 and flowing out of the twelfth port 452 to be greater than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the eleventh port 451 and flowing into the fourteenth port 461 and flowing out of the sixteenth port 463 to be greater than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the fifteenth port 462 and flowing out of the sixteenth port 463, that is, setting a% to be greater than 1-a%, the loss of the return optical signal is reduced while increasing the power of the transmission optical signal.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, the order of execution of the method steps is not limited, and for simplicity of description, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments are not described, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, the combinations of the technical features should be considered as the scope of the present description.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A scanning system, comprising:
an input structure (10) for outputting a composite optical signal comprising a plurality of different wavelengths;
an optical beam dump device (20) comprising an input port (210) and a plurality of output ports (220), the input port (210) being arranged to receive a composite optical signal comprising a plurality of different wavelengths and to demultiplex the composite optical signal into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths for transmission to a transceiver device (30); the beam dump device (20) comprises a first input port (230), a second input port (240), a plurality of first output ports (250) and a plurality of second output ports (260);
the transceiver device (30) is arranged opposite to the output ports (220) of the light beam collecting and distributing device (20) and is used for receiving the optical signals with different wavelengths, sending the optical signals with different wavelengths to different directions, receiving echo signals returned from different directions and returning the echo signals returned from different directions to the first output ports (250) of the light beam collecting and distributing device (20);
an optical splitter (40) disposed between the input structure (10) and the optical beam dump device (20), and configured to receive the composite optical signal output by the input structure (10), and split the composite optical signal into a first composite optical signal and a second composite optical signal, which are output to the optical beam dump device (20);
a plurality of detectors (50) disposed opposite the plurality of second output ports (260); the optical signals with a plurality of different wavelengths output by the second output ports (260) are received by the plurality of detectors (50), and each second output port (260) is opposite to one detector (50);
-a first composite optical signal entering said first input port (230) is demultiplexed by said optical beam dump device (20) into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths, sent to said transceiver device (30) through a plurality of first output ports (250); each first output port (250) outputting an optical signal of one wavelength; the transceiver device (30) sends a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths to different directions, the transceiver device (30) receives echo signals returned from different directions, each first output port (250) of the optical beam collecting and distributing device (20) collects the echo signals returned from different directions to carry out wave combination processing, the echo signals enter the optical beam collecting and distributing device (20) according to the transmission sequence of the first output port (250), the first input port (230) and the second input port (240), the echo signals are re-split into a plurality of echo signals with different wavelengths by the optical beam collecting and distributing device (20), the echo signals are output to a plurality of detectors (50) through the second output port (260), and the optical signals with the different wavelengths, which are formed by the splitting of the second composite optical signals, generate beat frequency on the detectors (50);
the second composite optical signal entering the second input port (240) is demultiplexed by the optical beam dump device (20) into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths for output to the plurality of detectors (50) through a plurality of second output ports (260); each second output port (260) outputs an optical signal at one wavelength.
2. The scanning system according to claim 1, wherein the first input port (230) is disposed on a side of the beam splitter (40) adjacent to the beam splitter (20);
the second input port (240) is arranged on one side of the optical beam collecting and distributing device (20) close to the transceiver device (30);
a plurality of first output ports (250) are arranged on one side of the light beam collecting and distributing device (20) close to the transceiver device (30);
the second output ports (260) are arranged on one side of the light beam collecting and distributing device (20) close to the light splitting device (40).
3. The scanning system according to claim 2, characterized in that said light-splitting device (40) comprises:
a bi-directional coupler (410) disposed between the input structure (10) and the beam dump device (20), comprising an input end (411), a first output end (412), and a second output end (413);
the composite optical signal output by the input structure (10) is input via an input terminal (411) of the bidirectional coupler (410), the composite optical signal is split by the bidirectional coupler (410) into a first composite optical signal and a second composite optical signal, the first composite optical signal is output via a first output terminal (412) of the bidirectional coupler (410) to a first input port (230) of the optical beam dump device (20), and the second composite optical signal is output via a second output terminal (413) of the bidirectional coupler (410) to a second input port (240) of the optical beam dump device (20).
4. The scanning system according to claim 3, characterized in that said transceiver device (30) receives a plurality of return echo signals returned in different directions and sends them to a plurality of first output ports (250) of said light beam distribution device (20); each first output port (250) collects the echo signal, sends the echo signal to the first input port (230), the echo signal sequentially passes through the first input port (230), the first output port (412) of the bidirectional coupler (410), the second output port (413) of the bidirectional coupler (410) and the second input port (240), and finally is output to the detector (50) through the second output port (260), and beat frequency is carried out on the detector (50) with a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths received by the detector (50), so that the detector (50) outputs a first difference frequency signal.
5. The scanning system of claim 4, wherein the bidirectional coupler (410) comprises:
a first multimode interferometer (414) comprising a first port (421), a second port (422), a third port (423), and a fourth port (424);
a second multimode interferometer (415) comprising a fifth port (425), a sixth port (426), and a seventh port (427);
the first port (421) is connected to an input (411) of the bidirectional coupler (410);
-the third port (423) is connected to a first output (412) of the bi-directional coupler (410);
the second port (422) is connected with the fifth port (425);
the fourth port (424) is connected with the sixth port (426);
the seventh port (427) is connected to the second output (413) of the bidirectional coupler (410).
6. The scanning system according to claim 5, characterized in that the ratio of the flow of the optical signal flowing from the first port (421) into the third port (423) is greater than the ratio of the flow of the optical signal flowing from the first port (421) into the fourth port (424);
the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the fifth port (425) and flowing out of the seventh port (427) is larger than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the sixth port (426) and flowing out of the seventh port (427).
7. The scanning system according to claim 2, characterized in that said light-splitting device (40) comprises:
a first splitter (430) including an eighth port (431), a ninth port (432), and a tenth port (433);
a phase modulator (440);
a second beam splitter (450) including an eleventh port (451), a twelfth port (452), and a thirteenth port (453);
a third splitter (460) including a fourteenth port (461), a fifteenth port (462), and a sixteenth port (463);
the eighth port (431) is connected to the input structure (10), one end of the phase modulator (440) is connected to the ninth port (432), and the other end of the phase modulator (440) is connected to the eleventh port (451);
the thirteenth port (453) is connected to the first input port (230) of the beam dump device (20);
the tenth port (433) is connected with the fifteenth port (462), and the twelfth port (452) is connected with the fourteenth port (461);
the sixteenth port (463) is connected to the second input port (240) of the light collecting and distributing device (20).
8. The scanning system of claim 7, wherein the composite optical signal output by the input structure (10) is input via an eighth port (431) of the first beam splitter (430), and is split by the first beam splitter (430) into the first composite optical signal and the second composite optical signal;
the first composite optical signal is output from the ninth port (432) to the phase modulator (440) for phase modulation, and the modulated first composite optical signal enters the second beam splitter (450) through the eleventh port (451) and is output to the first input port (230) of the optical beam concentrator (20) through the thirteenth port (453) of the third beam splitter (460);
the second composite optical signal is output from the tenth port (433) to the fifteenth port (462) of the third beam splitter (460) and is output to the second input port (240) of the optical beam splitter (20) through the sixteenth port (463) of the third beam splitter (460).
9. The scanning system according to claim 8, wherein the transceiver device (30) receives a plurality of return echo signals returned in different directions and sends the return echo signals returned in different directions to the first output ports (250) of the light beam distribution device (20); each first output port (250) collects the echo signal, sends the echo signal to the first input port (230), the echo signal sequentially passes through the first input port (230), the thirteenth port (453) of the second beam splitter (450), the twelfth port (452) of the second beam splitter (450), the fourteenth port (461) of the third beam splitter (460) and the second input port (240), and finally is output to the detector (50) through the second output port (260), and the beat frequency of the optical signal with a plurality of different wavelengths received by the detector (50) is carried out on the detector (50), so that the detector (50) outputs a second difference frequency signal.
10. The scanning system according to claim 9, characterized in that the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the eighth port (431) into the optical signal flowing from the ninth port (432) is greater than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing from the eighth port (431) into the optical signal flowing from the tenth port (433);
the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the thirteenth port (453) and flowing out of the twelfth port (452) is larger than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the eleventh port (451) and flowing out of the thirteenth port (453);
the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the fourteenth port (461) and flowing out of the sixteenth port (463) is larger than the ratio of the flow rate of the optical signal flowing into the fifteenth port (462) and flowing out of the sixteenth port (463).
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