CN114609610A - Two-dimensional surface type multi-beam ranging system based on array waveguide grating - Google Patents
Two-dimensional surface type multi-beam ranging system based on array waveguide grating Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional surface type multi-beam ranging system based on an arrayed waveguide grating, which comprises an optical frequency comb source, a transceiver module, a coupler, an optical circulator, an arrayed waveguide grating, a two-dimensional distributed optical fiber array, a lens, a detection module, a photoelectric detector array and a signal processing unit. The invention uses the optical frequency comb source to replace a plurality of lasers to reduce the complexity of the system and greatly reduce the cost, and because the comb teeth of the optical frequency comb source are adjustable, the number and the interval of channels can be flexibly selected, the design control and the adjustment are convenient, and the system is expandable. The multi-channel structure combined with the arrayed waveguide grating realizes wavelength division multiplexing, multi-beam outgoing is completed through the two-dimensionally arranged optical fiber array, the field range is enlarged, the detection crosstalk can be reduced due to different wavelengths among the channels, and the data acquisition rate is remarkably improved. Scanning is realized without using a mechanical rotating structure, and the size of the system is effectively reduced by the integrated optoelectronic device based on the silicon substrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optoelectronic devices, and particularly relates to a two-dimensional surface type multi-beam ranging system based on an arrayed waveguide grating.
Background
In recent years, laser detection and ranging systems have attracted attention due to high measurement accuracy and high response speed, and are widely applied to the fields of atmospheric detection, unmanned driving, intelligent robots and the like. However, the traditional mechanical laser radar has the disadvantages of high price, slow scanning speed, and complex light path debugging and assembling process. With the gradual maturity of silicon-based photoelectronic technology, originally discrete optical components can be integrated on a single chip, so that the distance measuring system has the trend of small-size solid state development. The traditional single-beam ranging system adopts a scanning mode to illuminate light spots in each area one by one so as to realize complete detection, and although the mode can finish the deflection of light beams in large angles, the data frame rate is low, and rapid intensive data acquisition cannot be finished.
The system of the invention generally needs to multiplex or demultiplex signals of a plurality of working wave bands to realize the formation of multiple beams, and the arrayed waveguide grating based on the planar optical waveguide is the most typical wavelength division multiplexing device, has high integration level and low loss, and can complete the beam combination and beam splitting of multiple signals. However, the use of multi-beam ranging means that each wavelength channel requires a separate corresponding laser for input, which increases the complexity of the system and also increases the cost. Therefore, the optical frequency comb composed of discrete and equally spaced narrow spectral lines is adopted to replace the scheme of a plurality of lasers, so as to obtain the effect of lower system equipment complexity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to innovatively provide a two-dimensional surface type multi-beam ranging system based on an arrayed waveguide grating, and the system effectively solves the key problems of small view field, slow data acquisition, complex system, high cost and the like of the traditional ranging system by adopting a multi-beam scheme of combining an optical frequency comb with the arrayed waveguide grating and an emergent mode of two-dimensionally arranged optical fibers.
A two-dimensional surface type multi-beam ranging system based on an arrayed waveguide grating comprises an optical frequency comb source (1), a transceiver module (2), a coupler (3), an optical circulator (4), an arrayed waveguide grating (5), a two-dimensional distributed optical fiber array (6), a lens (7), a detection module (8), a photoelectric detector array (9) and a signal processing unit (10);
the array waveguide grating (5) has two groups which are respectively arranged in the transceiver module (2) and the detection module (8). The transceiver module (2) comprises a coupler (3), an optical circulator (4), an arrayed waveguide grating (5), a two-dimensional distributed optical fiber array (6) and a lens (7); the detection module (8) comprises an arrayed waveguide grating (5) and a photoelectric detector array (9).
An optical frequency source (1) generates an optical frequency comb, namely an optical frequency comb, the optical frequency comb is input through a coupler (3) in an emitting module (2), N frequency spectral line components of the optical frequency comb are coupled into different output waveguides through an arrayed waveguide grating (5) behind an optical circulator (4), each output waveguide is subjected to light beam outgoing after passing through an optical fiber array (6) and a lens (7) which are arranged in a two-dimensional mode, reflected light is received and then input into a detecting module (8) through the optical circulator (4), and signals are detected by a photoelectric detector array (9) after being demultiplexed by a second arrayed waveguide grating (5) in the detecting module (8) and in the same structure as the transmitting-receiving module (2) and are converted into electric signals which are sent into a signal processing unit (10) for data processing.
The optical frequency comb source (1) generates a center frequency f0And the optical frequency comb with N comb teeth, the frequency interval of each comb tooth is delta f, and the signal source is obtained by the following method: and adjusting the pumping power of the microcavity resonator and the structural parameters to obtain a Kerr frequency comb or adjusting the repetition frequency and carrier envelope offset frequency of the mode-locked laser to generate an optical frequency comb signal.
The arrayed waveguide grating (5) is composed of an input waveguide, an input star coupler, an arrayed waveguide and an output star coupler, and frequency pulses generated by the optical frequency comb source (1) are focused on N different waveguides in the output star coupler to be emitted. The relationship of output channel spacing to waveguide spacing, free transmission zone distance, center frequency, and frequency spacing is expressed as:
where Δ x is the output waveguide channel spacing, NgIs the group refractive index, ngAnd nsEffective refractive indices of array waveguide and slab waveguide, and c is speed of lightM is the number of diffraction orders, dgIs the arrayed waveguide grating pitch, LFPRDistance of free transmission area, Δ f is signal frequency interval, f0Is the center frequency.
The two-dimensional arrangement optical fiber array (6) is used for emitting a plurality of laser beams with different frequencies at different positions of a plane, the two-dimensional arrangement optical fiber array (6) corresponds to the lens (7), and the main optical axis of the lens passes through the center of the corresponding optical fiber emitting end face, so that the focusing and collimation of the light beams are realized, and finally the two-dimensional multi-beam emitting is completed. And then, the light beams are reflected by a target and then received by a lens (7), a two-dimensional distributed optical fiber array (6) and an arrayed waveguide grating (5), signals are detected by a detection module (8) after passing through an optical circulator (4), the detection module (8) is composed of the arrayed waveguide grating (5) and a photoelectric detector array (9), and after demultiplexing is carried out on the received light, the light of each frequency is detected and converted into an electric signal to be input into a signal processing unit (10), so that data processing and calculation are completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the optical frequency comb source is used for replacing a multi-laser device, so that the complexity of the system is reduced, the cost is greatly reduced, the number and the interval of channels can be flexibly selected due to adjustable comb teeth of the optical frequency comb source, the design control and the adjustment are convenient, and the system is strong in expandability.
2. The multi-channel structure combined with the arrayed waveguide grating realizes wavelength division multiplexing, multi-beam outgoing is completed through the two-dimensionally arranged optical fiber array, the field range is enlarged, the detection crosstalk can be reduced due to different wavelengths among the channels, and the data acquisition rate is remarkably improved.
3. The scanning is realized without using a mechanical rotating structure, and the size of the system is effectively reduced by the silicon-based integrated optoelectronic device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional surface-type multi-beam ranging system based on an arrayed waveguide grating according to the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises an optical frequency comb source (1), a receiving and transmitting module (2), a coupler (3), an optical circulator (4), an array waveguide grating (5), a two-dimensional arrangement optical fiber array (6), a lens (7), a detection module (8), a photoelectric detector array (9) and a signal processing unit (10);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical frequency comb signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an optical frequency comb and an arrayed waveguide grating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an arrayed waveguide grating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional optical fiber array arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a two-dimensional surface type multibeam ranging system based on an arrayed waveguide grating includes: the optical frequency comb comprises an optical frequency comb source (1), a transceiver module (2), a coupler (3), an optical circulator (4), an array waveguide grating (5), a two-dimensional arrangement optical fiber array (6), a lens (7), a detection module (8), a photoelectric detector array (9) and a signal processing unit (10).
The optical frequency comb source (1) generates signals, the signals are input through a coupler (3) in the transceiver module (2), the signals pass through an optical circulator (4) and an array waveguide grating (5) and then are connected with a two-dimensional arrangement optical fiber array (6), and a lens (7) is arranged behind the two-dimensional arrangement optical fiber array (6) to finally emit light beams from the transceiver module (2). The optical signal reflected by the target is received by the transceiver module (2), and after passing through the optical circulator (4), the signal is detected by the photoelectric detector array (9) in the detection module (8) and input to the signal processing module (10) for data processing.
As shown in FIG. 2, the optical-frequency comb source (1) is used for generating an optical-frequency comb signal with N comb teeth and a center frequency f0The frequency interval of each comb tooth is delta f, and each spectral line of the optical frequency comb signal can be used as an independent signal source. The signal source can be obtained by the following method: and adjusting the pumping power of the microcavity resonator and the structural parameters of the microcavity resonator or adjusting the repetition frequency and the carrier envelope offset frequency of the mode-locked laser to obtain an optical frequency comb signal.
As shown in fig. 3, the optical frequency comb signal with N comb teeth passes through the transceiver module (2), and the signal in the transceiver module (2) is input into the arrayed waveguide grating (5) through the coupler (3) and the optical circulator (4). In the arrayed waveguide grating (5), light of each frequency in the optical frequency comb signal with N comb teeth is focused at different positions in a free transmission region and is received by different output waveguides, and N independent signal channels are generated.
As shown in FIG. 4, the arrayed waveguide grating (5) is composed of an input waveguide, an input star coupler, an arrayed waveguide and an output star coupler. Wherein, the input waveguide only considers one central waveguide, and satisfies the grating equation: (since the signal source is a multiplexed signal, only one waveguide input is required, so the signal source is generally considered as the central waveguide input of the input star coupler terminal)
Wherein n isgAnd nsIs effective refractive index of the array waveguide and the slab waveguide, Δ L is length difference of adjacent array waveguides, m is diffraction order, dgIs the arrayed waveguide grating pitch, LFPRF is the frequency of the respective signal channel for the free transmission area distance. Center frequency is recorded as
The relationship between channel spacing and waveguide spacing, free transmission region distance, optical frequency comb center frequency, and frequency spacing can be expressed as:
wherein N isgIs the group refractive index, Δ x is the output waveguide channel interval in the figure, Δ f is the frequency interval of each comb tooth of the optical frequency comb signal, f0Is the optical frequency comb center frequency. The optical frequency comb signal thus completes demultiplexing of the signal due to dispersion. The output waveguides at different positions are used for receiving light with different frequencies, and N independent optical signal channels are generated. The output channel interval is determined according to the optical frequency comb signals output by the optical frequency comb source (1) and the waveguide spacing and the free transmission region distance.
As shown in fig. 5, N signal channels obtained by the arrayed waveguide grating are respectively input to each optical fiber, and each optical fiber is two-dimensionally arranged, and is focused and collimated by the lens (7), the two-dimensionally arranged optical fiber array (6) corresponds to each lens (the number of the lenses (7) is the same as the number of the channels of the two-dimensionally arranged optical fiber array (6)), and the main optical axis of the lens finishes the exit through the center of the corresponding optical fiber exit end face. Because the wavelength in each port is different and each optical fiber has corresponding independent position coordinates in a plane, two-dimensional multi-beam emergent without scanning is finally realized.
The light beam is reflected by a target and then received by the transceiver module (2), passes through the optical circulator (4) and then is detected by the detection module (8) consisting of the arrayed waveguide grating (5) and the photoelectric detector array (9), a group of electric signals are obtained and finally sent to the signal processing unit (10) for data calculation, the position information of the target is finally obtained, and the distance measurement is completed.
Claims (5)
1. A two-dimensional surface type multi-beam ranging system based on an arrayed waveguide grating is characterized by comprising an optical frequency comb source (1), a transceiver module (2), a coupler (3), an optical circulator (4), the arrayed waveguide grating (5), a two-dimensional distributed optical fiber array (6), a lens (7), a detection module (8), a photoelectric detector array (9) and a signal processing unit (10);
the array waveguide gratings (5) are divided into two groups and are respectively arranged in the transceiver module (2) and the detection module (8); the transceiver module (2) comprises a coupler (3), an optical circulator (4), an arrayed waveguide grating (5), a two-dimensional distributed optical fiber array (6) and a lens (7); the detection module (8) comprises an array waveguide grating (5) and a photoelectric detector array (9).
2. The two-dimensional surface type multibeam ranging system based on the arrayed waveguide grating of claim 1, it is characterized in that an optical frequency source (1) generates an optical frequency comb, namely an optical frequency comb, the optical frequency comb is input through a coupler (3) in a transmitting module (2), n frequency spectral line components of the optical frequency comb are coupled into different output waveguides through the arrayed waveguide grating (5) behind the optical circulator (4), each output waveguide emits light beams after passing through the two-dimensional distributed optical fiber array (6) and the lens (7), the reflected light is received and then input into a detection module (8) through an optical circulator (4), after the signal is demultiplexed through a second arrayed waveguide grating (5) in the detection module (8) and in the same structure as the transceiving module (2), the light is detected by a photoelectric detector array (9) and converted into an electric signal, and the electric signal is sent to a signal processing unit (10) for data processing.
3. The two-dimensional surface type multibeam distance measuring system based on Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical frequency comb source (1) generates the center frequency f0And the optical frequency comb with N comb teeth, the frequency interval of each comb tooth is delta f, and the signal source is obtained by the following method: and adjusting the pumping power of the microcavity resonator and the structural parameters to obtain a Kerr frequency comb or adjusting the repetition frequency and carrier envelope offset frequency of the mode-locked laser to generate an optical frequency comb signal.
4. The two-dimensional surface type multibeam ranging system based on the arrayed waveguide grating according to claim 3, wherein the arrayed waveguide grating (5) is composed of an input waveguide, an input star coupler, an arrayed waveguide and an output star coupler, and each frequency pulse generated by the optical frequency comb source (1) is focused on N different waveguides in the output star coupler to emit; the relationship of output channel spacing to waveguide spacing, free transmission zone distance, center frequency, and frequency spacing is expressed as:
where Δ x is the output waveguide channel spacing, NgIs the group refractive index, ngAnd nsIs effective refractive index of array waveguide and slab waveguide, c is light speed, m is diffraction order, dgIs the arrayed waveguide grating pitch, LFPRDistance of free transmission area, Δ f is signal frequency interval, f0Is the center frequency.
5. The two-dimensional surface type multibeam distance measuring system based on the arrayed waveguide grating of claim 4, wherein the two-dimensionally arranged optical fiber array (6) is used for emitting a plurality of laser beams with different frequencies at different positions of a plane, the two-dimensionally arranged optical fiber array (6) corresponds to the lens (7) and a main optical axis of the lens passes through the center of an emitting end surface of the corresponding optical fiber, so that focusing and collimation of the light beams are realized, and finally two-dimensional multibeam emission is completed; and then, the light beams are reflected by a target and then received by a lens (7), a two-dimensional distributed optical fiber array (6) and an arrayed waveguide grating (5), signals are detected by a detection module (8) after passing through an optical circulator (4), the detection module (8) is composed of the arrayed waveguide grating (5) and a photoelectric detector array (9), and after demultiplexing is carried out on the received light, the light of each frequency is detected and converted into an electric signal to be input into a signal processing unit (10), so that data processing and calculation are completed.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115639539A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-01-24 | 武汉六相光电技术有限公司 | Laser ranging device and method based on wide-spectrum noise-like pulse spectrum scanning |
| CN117293551A (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2023-12-26 | 壹新信通科技(成都)有限公司 | Terahertz multi-beam dielectric antenna |
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2022
- 2022-02-25 CN CN202210177180.5A patent/CN114609610A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115639539A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-01-24 | 武汉六相光电技术有限公司 | Laser ranging device and method based on wide-spectrum noise-like pulse spectrum scanning |
| CN117293551A (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2023-12-26 | 壹新信通科技(成都)有限公司 | Terahertz multi-beam dielectric antenna |
| CN117293551B (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2024-01-23 | 壹新信通科技(成都)有限公司 | Terahertz multi-beam dielectric antenna |
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