CN113699381A - Method for leaching lithium element in fly ash by using microorganisms - Google Patents

Method for leaching lithium element in fly ash by using microorganisms Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113699381A
CN113699381A CN202111018844.5A CN202111018844A CN113699381A CN 113699381 A CN113699381 A CN 113699381A CN 202111018844 A CN202111018844 A CN 202111018844A CN 113699381 A CN113699381 A CN 113699381A
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China
Prior art keywords
fly ash
acid solution
solid
mixing
culture
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CN202111018844.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王金喜
马娟娟
曹晓丹
胡亚凡
蒋树庭
孙玉壮
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Hebei University of Engineering
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Hebei University of Engineering
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Priority to CN202111018844.5A priority Critical patent/CN113699381A/en
Publication of CN113699381A publication Critical patent/CN113699381A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/02Working-up flue dust
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10Obtaining alkali metals
    • C22B26/12Obtaining lithium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • C22B7/007Wet processes by acid leaching
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

The invention provides a method for leaching lithium element in fly ash by using microorganisms, belonging to the technical field of mineral exploitation, and comprising the following steps: mixing fly ash with ethylene glycol and ferric chloride solution, carrying out coprecipitation reaction to obtain a reactant, and standing the reactant to obtain a lower-layer solid; mixing the obtained lower-layer solid with a microbial solution, and culturing to obtain a culture; and filtering the obtained culture to obtain filter residue, mixing the filter residue with an acid solution, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid which is the lithium element. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the leaching rate of lithium element in the fly ash reaches more than 80%.

Description

Method for leaching lithium element in fly ash by using microorganisms
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral exploitation, in particular to a method for leaching lithium element in fly ash by using microorganisms.
Background
The fly ash or soot is tiny soot particles discharged in the combustion process of fuel (mainly coal), the particle size of the fly ash or soot particles is generally 1-100 mu m, such as fine ash collected from flue gas in a coal-fired power plant. The fly ash is formed by cooling pulverized coal after entering a hearth at 1300-1500 ℃ and being subjected to heat absorption by a hot surface under the suspension combustion condition. Most of the fly ash is spherical due to the action of surface tension, the surface is smooth, and micropores are small. Some of the particles are adhered by colliding with each other in a molten state, and thus, they become honeycomb-shaped composite particles having rough surfaces and many edges. The chemical composition of fly ash is related to the composition of the coal, the particle size of the coal, the type of boiler, the combustion condition and the collection mode. The amount of fly ash discharged is directly related to the ash content of the coal. According to the coal consumption condition of China, about 250-300 kg of fly ash is generated by burning 1t of coal. If a large amount of fly ash is not controlled or treated, air pollution can be caused, the fly ash enters water to foul a river channel, and certain chemical substances in the fly ash cause damage to organisms and human bodies.
However, the fly ash contains other metal elements, so that various substances such as iron, carbon, copper, lithium, germanium, scandium and the like can be industrially recovered from the fly ash, wherein the lithium element has great use value for the battery energy industry, and therefore, the lithium element is extracted from the fly ash, and resources can be fully utilized.
The microorganism is used as an adsorbent, the production is easy, the raw material source is wide, the adsorption capacity is large, the adsorption efficiency is high, the adsorption rate is high, the ion selectivity is high, the environment is friendly, the secondary pollution is not generated, the pH and temperature range of the operation is wide, the treatment effect on the dilute solution (1-100 mg/L) is good, the capital investment is low, the operation cost is low, and the extraction of metal elements from the leachate by adopting the microorganism adsorption technology is more efficient, cheap and environment-friendly. Although the extraction of lithium by microorganisms is highly efficient, it is necessary to further increase the leaching rate of lithium.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method for leaching lithium element from fly ash by using microorganisms, and the method provided by the present invention improves the leaching rate of lithium element from fly ash.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for leaching lithium element in fly ash by using microorganisms, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the fly ash with ethylene glycol and ferric chloride solution, and then carrying out coprecipitation reaction to obtain a lower-layer solid;
2) mixing the lower-layer solid obtained in the step 1) with a microbial liquid and then culturing to obtain a culture;
3) filtering the culture obtained in the step 2) to obtain filter residue, mixing the filter residue with an acid solution, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a lithium-containing solid.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the fly ash and the ethylene glycol in the step 1) is 3-5: 1.
Preferably, before the coprecipitation reaction, the fly ash is refined; the grain diameter after thinning treatment is 10-100 meshes.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the ethylene glycol to the ferric chloride solution in the step 1) is 1: 2-3.
Preferably, the temperature of the coprecipitation reaction in the step 1) is 60-80 ℃, and the time is 10-12 h.
Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of the lower-layer solid substance to the microbial liquid in the step 2) is 1g (3-4) mL.
Preferably, the number of viable bacteria in the microbial liquid is 30-40 CFU/ml.
Preferably, the culture time in the step 2) is 6-8 h.
Preferably, the acid solution in step 3) comprises a hydrochloric acid solution, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 12 mol/L.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the acid solution to the glycol is 1 (2-3).
The invention provides a method for leaching lithium element in fly ash by using microorganisms, which comprises the following steps: 1) mixing the fly ash with ethylene glycol and ferric chloride solution, and then carrying out coprecipitation reaction to obtain a lower-layer solid; 2) mixing the lower-layer solid obtained in the step 1) with a microbial liquid and then culturing to obtain a culture; 3) filtering the culture obtained in the step 2) to obtain filter residue, mixing the filter residue with an acid solution, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a lithium-containing solid. According to the invention, the fly ash is dispersed by ethylene glycol, the compound containing the metal element is dispersed into the ethylene glycol, the nonmetal element is fully filtered, a good cushion is provided for subsequent separation and extraction, and meanwhile, the ferric chloride solution is adopted for coprecipitation, the metal element is fully adsorbed, and then the microbial solution is used for lithium element adsorption, so that the leaching rate of the lithium element in the fly ash is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for leaching lithium element in fly ash by using microorganisms, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the fly ash with ethylene glycol and ferric chloride solution, and then carrying out coprecipitation reaction to obtain a lower-layer solid;
2) mixing the lower-layer solid obtained in the step 1) with a microbial liquid and then culturing to obtain a culture;
3) filtering the culture obtained in the step 2) to obtain filter residue, mixing the filter residue with an acid solution, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid which is lithium element.
The invention mixes the fly ash with glycol and ferric chloride solution to carry out coprecipitation reaction, and obtains a lower-layer solid. In the present invention, after the coprecipitation reaction, the reaction product is preferably left to stand and separated to obtain a lower precipitate. The present invention does not require any particular separation means, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the volume concentration of the ethylene glycol is preferably 50% to 70%, more preferably 60%; the mass ratio of the fly ash to the ethylene glycol is preferably 3-5: 1, and more preferably 4: 1. The fly ash is dispersed by glycol, and the compound containing the metal element is dispersed into the glycol to fully filter the nonmetal element. The fly ash is preferably refined to obtain a refined substance, and the refined substance is mixed with glycol and ferric chloride solution; in the invention, the grain diameter of the refined material is preferably 10-100 meshes; the manner of refinement preferably comprises grinding. The grinding mode is not particularly required by the invention, and the grinding mode known to the skilled person can be adopted. According to the invention, the fly ash is refined into a refined substance with a proper particle size, so that the contact area with the ethylene glycol can be increased, more compounds containing metal elements can be dispersed into the ethylene glycol, the non-metal elements can be more fully filtered, and the leaching efficiency of the lithium element is further improved.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the ethylene glycol to the ferric chloride solution is preferably 1: 2-3. In the present invention, the mass concentration of the ferric chloride solution is preferably 25% to 35%, and more preferably 30%. The invention adopts ferric chloride solution for coprecipitation, and fully adsorbs metal elements, thereby improving the leaching rate of lithium elements.
In the invention, the temperature of the coprecipitation reaction is preferably 60-80 ℃, and more preferably 70 ℃; the time is preferably 10 to 12 hours, and more preferably 11 hours. In the invention, the coprecipitation reaction is preferably carried out under stirring, and the stirring speed is preferably 30-45 r/min, and more preferably 35-40 r/min.
After the lower-layer precipitate is obtained, the lower-layer solid matter and the microbial liquid are mixed and cultured to obtain the culture.
In the invention, the mass-volume ratio of the lower-layer solid substance to the microbial liquid is preferably 1g (3-4) mL, and more preferably 1g:3.5 mL; the number of viable bacteria in the microbial liquid is preferably 40-50 CFU/mL, and more preferably 45 CFU/mL.
In the present invention, the conditions for the culture preferably include: the culture time is preferably 6-8 h, and more preferably 7 h.
In the present invention, the method for preparing the microbial liquid preferably includes: adding glucose, urea, gelatin and water according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:3 to prepare a microbial culture solution, and placing the microbial culture solution in a culture dish; inoculating the mother bacteria into a microorganism culture solution for culturing to obtain a microorganism solution. In the present invention, the parent bacterium includes penicillium. The invention has no special requirements on the source and the inoculation amount of the mother bacteria, and the method can adopt the commercial products and the inoculation amount which are well known by the technical personnel in the field.
After the culture is obtained, the culture is filtered to obtain filter residue, the filter residue is mixed with an acid solution and then subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the obtained solid is lithium element. The present invention does not require any particular filtration means, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the acid solution to the glycol is preferably 1 (2-3).
In the present invention, the acid solution preferably includes a hydrochloric acid solution, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is preferably 12 mol/L. The acid solution of the present invention serves to separate lithium element.
The invention has no special requirements on the solid-liquid separation mode, and the separation mode which is well known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of the invention is given in conjunction with examples, which should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps of:
s1, crushing and grinding 30g of fly ash sample, wherein the grain size after grinding is 100 meshes;
s2, putting pulverized and refined fly ash into a 200ml beaker, adding 50ml of ethylene glycol (with the volume concentration of 60%) for dispersion, and adding 20ml of ferric chloride solution (with the mass concentration of 30%); providing a temperature environment of 70 ℃, stirring at a speed of 45r/min, and reacting by adopting a coprecipitation method to obtain a reactant;
s3, standing the reactant in the step S2 to obtain a lower-layer solid, adding the obtained solid into a microbial liquid (the mass-volume ratio of the lower-layer solid to the microbial liquid is 1g:3.5mL), and standing for 7 h; the preparation of the microbial liquid comprises the following steps: adding glucose, urea, gelatin and water according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:3 to prepare a microbial culture solution, and placing the microbial culture solution in a culture dish; inoculating penicillium into a microbial culture solution for culturing to obtain a microbial solution;
s4, filtering after the culture is finished, taking out residual solid, and adding 20ml of hydrochloric acid (the concentration is 12 mol/L);
and S5, separating the supernatant to obtain a lower-layer solid, and drying to obtain the leached metal.
Example 2
A method of leaching elemental lithium similar to that of example 1, the only difference being that the temperature environment in step S2 is 80 ℃.
Example 3
A method of leaching elemental lithium similar to that of example 1, the only difference being that the temperature environment in step S2 is 70 ℃.
Comparative example 1
A method of leaching elemental lithium similar to that of example 1 except that ethylene glycol was replaced with deionized water in step S2 and no ferric chloride solution was added and a subsequent coprecipitation reaction was performed.
Application example 1
The weight of the final product and the original fly ash coal sample were calculated and compared, and the calculation results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the product and original fly ash coal sample weights
Group of Example 1 Example 2 Comparative example 1
Leaching rate (%) 86 82 56
As can be seen from Table 1, the leaching rate of lithium in the fly ash by adopting the method provided by the invention reaches more than 80%, and compared with comparative example 1, the leaching rate of lithium in the fly ash is greatly improved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for leaching lithium element in fly ash by using microorganisms is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing the fly ash with ethylene glycol and ferric chloride solution, and then carrying out coprecipitation reaction to obtain a lower-layer solid;
2) mixing the lower-layer solid obtained in the step 1) with a microbial liquid and then culturing to obtain a culture;
3) filtering the culture obtained in the step 2) to obtain filter residue, mixing the filter residue with an acid solution, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a lithium-containing solid.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the fly ash and the ethylene glycol in the step 1) is 3-5: 1.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by further comprising refining the fly ash before the coprecipitation reaction; the grain diameter after thinning treatment is 10-100 meshes.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the ethylene glycol to the ferric chloride solution in the step 1) is 1: 2-3.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the coprecipitation reaction in step 1) is 60-80 ℃ and the time is 10-12 h.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the lower layer solid matter to the microbial liquid in the step 2) is 1g (3-4) mL.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the viable count in the microbial liquid is 30 to 40 CFU/ml.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culturing time in step 2) is 6-8 h.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acid solution of step 3) comprises a hydrochloric acid solution, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 12 mol/L.
10. The method according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the mass ratio of the acid solution to the glycol is 1 (2-3).
CN202111018844.5A 2021-09-01 2021-09-01 Method for leaching lithium element in fly ash by using microorganisms Pending CN113699381A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108265176A (en) * 2018-04-17 2018-07-10 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 The method that lithium is extracted from flyash
CN109721081A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-05-07 河北工程大学 A method of extracting lithium from rich lithium flyash alkaline process mother liquor
CN109777960A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-05-21 河北工程大学 A method of separating and recovering lithium, aluminium from flyash
CN111304096A (en) * 2020-03-11 2020-06-19 大连理工大学 Penicillium oxalicum and culture method and application thereof
CN113201648A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-08-03 河北工程大学 Microbial leaching method for iron tailings cobalt element

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108265176A (en) * 2018-04-17 2018-07-10 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 The method that lithium is extracted from flyash
CN109721081A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-05-07 河北工程大学 A method of extracting lithium from rich lithium flyash alkaline process mother liquor
CN109777960A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-05-21 河北工程大学 A method of separating and recovering lithium, aluminium from flyash
CN111304096A (en) * 2020-03-11 2020-06-19 大连理工大学 Penicillium oxalicum and culture method and application thereof
CN113201648A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-08-03 河北工程大学 Microbial leaching method for iron tailings cobalt element

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
薄朋慧等: "粉煤灰中有价金属元素铝、镓、锂活化浸出提取研究进展" *

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